2015年中考英语二轮专题复习教案：专题05 介词

备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题5：介词（讲案）
一讲考点——考点梳理
介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。
一、表示时间的介词
（一）表示时间段的介词
（1）in , after
in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间
after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如：
He’ll come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after three o’clock)
He left on July 2 and returned after three days.
（2）in , during
表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during
The work was do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne in / during the holidays.
表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter
（3）in last, for the past + 时间段, during
表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时
I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.
（4）for 表示延续一段时间。
I’ll study in the U.S for two years
I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour.
（二）表示某一时间的介词
（1）at, on
at 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如:
at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2
一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词，请比较：
in the morning
on a winter / snow / cold / morning
at night
on the night of March 7th
in the evening
on Friday evening
（2）before, by
before 表示某一时间之前，而b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如： You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。
By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”.
到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A.
（3）after , since
after 可以表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去某一点时间之后，并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如；
My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .
解放后我父亲住在上海.
Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.
自去年年底以来，这位女士开了五十场音乐会
（4）from…to, until / till
from----to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间，而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如：
My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.
从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。
My mother entered ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.
我妈妈1960年进入北京大学，一直学习到1964年。（但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night）
（三）不用介词表示时间的词或词组
含this, that, la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。
二、表示事物之间位置的介词
（1）at, in
当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如：
We’ll meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard
因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里
*动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方，如: 城市,地区等
（2）in, to
in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如：
Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。
（3）after, behind
after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相对于in front of 而言, 如：
He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。
（4）on , in
on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如将事物看作空间，表示在其内部，用介词in。
There is a modern painting on the wall.
There is a modern painting on the wall.
（5）from , off 都表示“离开”
（6）above , over, below , under
over , under 表示垂直的上下关系，而above, below仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。
（7）between, among
between 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间”。
三、表示运动方向的介词
（1）into, inside , in 从外到内 如：
He went quickly into / inside the room.
He went quickly into / inside the room.
（2）out of 从里到外，相当于outside, 或从里向外,相当于from
She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室.
The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .
这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。
（3）on 在……表面，onto 到……上
A boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。
He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树
（4）across 穿过一平面、through 穿过一空间
The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.
这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。
The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
（5）The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】 The young g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irl walked ____the forest and saw a big river at last.
A. on B. over C. through D. across
【答案】C
【解析】
考查介词的用法：句意：这个小女孩穿过森林，最后发现了一条大河。walk through穿过。根据句意和用法，选C。
【例题二】 —Excuse me, could you tell me how I can learn German well
—_____ having conversations with Germans.
A. In B. With C. By D. At
【答案】C
【解析】
考查介词的用法：句意：--打扰了，你能告诉我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如何能学好德语吗？--通过与德国人进行交流。分析选项：in在之内；with和；by 通过；at在。表示通过的某种方式，因此运用介词by.故选C
【例题三】Mary and Joy are ____ Class One. They are ____ the USA.
A. from; in B. in; from
C. to; from D. in; to
【答案】B
【解析】
考查介词的用法：注意在哪个班用in;be from表示来自...句意：--Mary and Joy在一班，他们来自美国。结合句意，故选B
【例题四】— Do you know what the young man was charged _________
— I hear he robbed a woman _________ her bag.
A. with; of B. of; with
C. for; of D. about; with
【答案】A
【解析】
考查介词的用法：句意：—— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你知道那个年轻人被指控什么吗？——我听说他抢劫了一位女士的包。charge sb with sth“指控某人某事”， rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。故选A。
【例题五】What I wanted to express went ________ words.
A. without B. beyond C. over D. past
【答案】B
【解析】
考查介词的用法：句意：我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想表达的无法用语言来表达。without没有； beyond超过； over多于； past经过。beyond words无法用语言来表达。故选B。
【例题六】Sorry, Madam. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ________ the visiting hours.
A. during B. at C.before D. beyond
【答案】D
【解析】
考查介词的用法：句意：对不起，女士。你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最好明天早来，因为今天已经过了参观时间了。during在……期间；at在某个时间点；before在……之前；beyond在……之外。根据句意，可知选D。
三讲方法——辨析特例
常用介词用法比较
（1）as , like
as 表示“作为”强调身份，like (介词)表示“像”
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
（2）with , in
with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” ,“ 用……作工具”
in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
（3）for , to
for表示“为了.”
To 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗
for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如：
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me
他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜
for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come 动词连用，
（4）except , besides
except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与bat 同义， besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。
（5）注意成对介词的用法：
get into (out o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
（6）介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：
to one’s surpr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one’s way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….
（7）表示加减乘除，分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by
需要注意的要点
（1）介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
（2）介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如：
a.动词+介词：laugh at, wait for
b.形容词、过去分词+介词：be good at, be prond of
c.名词+介词：pay a visit to , the key to
四练实题——随堂小练
1. We should often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )keep _____ touch with each other, because we are good friends.
A.on B.to C.in D.up
2．—What do you think this coat is made _____
—Wool. It’s used for _____.
A.of, keeping warm B.from, keeping warm
C.in, keeping warmly D.of, keeping warmly
3．---Have you heard of Nanjing
--- Of course. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It is famous_______ its beauty of nature______ the host city of the 2014YOG.
A. for; as B. for; for
C. as; as D. as; for
4．.---Who is the perfect person _______ the new president
---Mr White. We all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thought he should be the most suitable choice while _______ together.
A. for; discussed B. as; to discuss
C. as; discussion D. for; discussing
5．Tan Dun won an Osca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r ____ his music ____ the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
A. in; in B. in; for
C. for; in D.for; for
五练原创——预测提升
1. — Did Jenny play the role _______ the princess in the play
— Yes, she did. The prince saved her and fell in love _______ her.
A.with; at B. as; in C. of; to D. of; with
2．It’s very ki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd _________ you to help me carry the boxes since it is difficult _________ a person like you to carry so heavy things.
A. of, of B. of, for
C. for, of D. for, for
3．We think white lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oks good ________ you, but people with black skins don’t look
good ________ white.
A. on, on B. in, in
C. on, in D. in, on
4． — Do you know anything about Chinese knots (中国结)
— Yes. They are usually seen symbols of good luck.
A. for B. by C. with D. as
5．Our teacher is always strict us and strict his work.
A.with,with B.in,in
C.with,in D.in,with