2015年中考英语二轮专题复习教案：专题12 动词的语态

备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题12：动词的语态（讲案）
一讲考点——考点梳理
动词的语态
1．动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。
2．被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或“动词＋介词”构成的及物动词短语。
现以及物动词ask为例，其各种时态形式的被动结构如下表所示。
结构 Ask的各种被动语态形式
形式 助动词be的适当形式+及物动词的过去分词
时态
一般现在时 is/ am/ are asked
一般过去时 were /was asked
一般将来时 will/ shall be asked
过去将来时 would/ should be asked
现在进行时 is/ am/ are being asked
过去进行时 were/ was being asked
现在完成时 has/ have been asked
过去完成时 had been asked
含有情态动词的被动语态 may/ need/ can/ must be asked
3.被动语态的用法
在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中：
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
This watch is made in China.
这块手表是在中国制造的。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
More trees must be planted every year.
每年都应该种更多的树。
(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛)
(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。
Many houses were washed away in the flood.
许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
4．主动语态和被动语态的转换
(1)主动语态变为被动语态。
①要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
②把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的宾语，将主格变成宾格，并由by引导。
③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态：动作执行者＋谓语动词主动形式＋动作承受者
被动语态：动作承受者＋谓语动词被动形式＋动作执行者
We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)
→He was asked to sing an English song by us.
(2)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)
→I was given a book.(间接宾语me改为主语)
→A book was given to me.(直接宾语a book改为主语)
(3)短语动词变为被动语态。
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的短语动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)
→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略)
(4)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态。
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
I heard Jane ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
(5)被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see，hear，w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atch，feel，notice等及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to。
He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)
→The girl is made to stay at home.
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】I was in a w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )estern restaurant for the first time. I didn’t know what I do.
A. was suppose B. was supposed to
C. was supposing D. was supposing to
【答案】B
【解析】
──考查动词语态的用法：句意：我第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一次在一个西方的餐馆里。我不知道应该做什么。be supposed to do sth被期望，应该做某事。故选B。
【例题二】More trees and fl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owers should ______ every day to make our school more beautiful.
A. is planted B. was planted
C. be planted D. were planted
【答案】C
【解析】
──考查动词语态的用法：句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意:为了使我们的学校更美丽，每天都应该种植更多的树和花。is planted一般现在时的被动语态；was planted一般过去时的被动语态；be planted被种植；were planted一般过去时的被动语态。空前的should是情态动词，应该，后跟动词原形，根据句意可知选C。
【例题三】—How can I get a present in the game show
—You _________ one if you answer all the questions correctly.
A. were given B. have given
C. will be given D. have been given
【答案】C
【解析】
──考查动词语态的用法： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：--在这个游戏中，我如何能得到礼物 --如果你能正确地回答所有的问题，你将会得到礼物。分析：考查被动词态的用法，if引导的条件状语从句，体现主将从现的原则，因此运用将来时的被动词态，构成为will be done（动词的现在分词）。故选 C
【例题四】—When is the sports meeting _________ every year
—It __________at the beginning of the new term.
A.taken place; is held B. held; takes place
C. taken place; holds D. held; is taken place
【答案】B
【解析】
──考查动词语态的用法：句意：--每一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年，运动会什么时候举办？--它举办在新学期开始的时候。分析：take place 指按计划或安排所要发生的事，是不及物动词短语，不能带宾语，所以没有被动形式。hold 意为“举办，召开”，是及物动词，所以有被动形式。明确答案。故选 B
【例题五】The girl ________ by the lake yesterday.
A. saw to draw B. was seen draw
C. was seen to draw D. is seen to draw
【答案】C
【解析】
──考查动词语态的用法：句意为：有人看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见这个女孩昨天在湖边画画。在主动句中，see sb do sth表示看见某人做过某事。在被动句中，应还原动词不定式符号“to”，即sb be seen to do sth。结合选项可知应选C。
【例题六】We ________ not to go that way because the road ________.
A. told; is being repaired B. are told; is being repaired
C. have been told; is repairing D. was told; is repaired
【答案】B
【解析】
──考查动词语态的用法：句意为：我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们被告知不要走那条路因为那路正在修。根据语境可知，“我们”是被告知的，应用被动语态；此外，路应该是正在“被修”，应用现在进行时的被动语态。结合选项可知应选B。
三讲方法——辨析特例
主动结构表被动意义
①open，lock，write，rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。
This kind of shirt sells well here.
这种样式的衬衫在这里很好卖。
②look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。
Moon cakes taste delicious.
月饼尝起来味道很好。
③在 be worth doing 中 doing表被动意义。
This book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
④want/need/require ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。
My bike needs repairing.
＝My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理。
四练实题——随堂小练
1．The police found that the house_____ and a lot of things____.
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen
2．----Smoking should not ____________ in school.
----I agree. It’s bad for our health.
A. be allowed B. allow C. be required D. require
3．In my home town, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the old over 100 not only by their families but also by the government.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
C. is taken good care D. is taken good care of
4．Chinese _________ by Miss Wang three years ago.
A. taught B. was taught C. is taught
5．The room must _____ up right now. It’s too dirty.
A. be cleaned B. be cleaning
C. clean D. cleaned
五练原创——预测提升
1．----- Is the environment good around your city
----- Yes. Many trees here every year.
A. are planted B. plant
C. planted D. be planted
2．—Shall we drink the tea now
—No, the tea sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould be ______in the water for some time before you drink it.
A.stayed B. staying
C. kept D. keeping
3．We are made ________ more confident by our teacher.
A．to be B．being C．be D．been
4．—When shall we go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to watch the basketball match in the sports centre
—Not until the work________ tomorrow.
A. will be finished B. is finished
C. will finish D. has finished
5. My friend Nancy_____Mark last week.
A. Married B. Was married with
C. Married to D. got married
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )