2015年中考英语二轮专题复习教案：专题09 动词短语辨析

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一讲考点——考点梳理
动词短语辨析
重难点精析
动词短语考查三个方面：同一动词加不同介词；同一介词加不同动词；不同介词加不同动词。
同一动词加不同介词(重点考查)
take up占据；take down记下，取下；take off 起飞，脱下（衣服）；take away拿走
look at 看；look out 当心；look after 照顾；look for 寻找；look through 浏览
put up悬挂，张贴；put away收起来，放好；put off推迟；
put on穿上；put down放下，记下
turn on打开；turn down关小；turn up调大；turn off关掉
look at 看；look up查找；look after照顾
同一介词加不同动词（重点考查）
(1）动词加up构成的短语
bring up抚育，培养；call u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来；cut up切碎；fix up 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；look up尊敬，向上看，查寻；make up虚构，弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把音量调高一点儿；take up占据，开始从事等。
(2)动词加with构成的短语
catch up with赶上；keep up with不落在某人或某事后面；come up with想出，提出
(3）动词加for构成的短语
answer for负责；provide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for供养；call for提倡，要求；plan for打算，为……计划；hope for希望，期待；ask for请求，寻找，需要；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待；look for寻找等。
(4）动词加on构成的短语
try on试穿，试验；put on穿上， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上演；have on穿着，戴着；hold on 挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快等。
(5）动词加over构成的短语
come over过来；h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接收，接管；turn over翻转等。
(6）动词加out构成的短语
work out算出，产生某种结果；l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook out当心，小心；turn out结果，证明是；put out扑灭，生产，出版；come out出来，出版，发行；break out（战争、火灾）爆发；set out着手，出发，起程；cut out切掉；keep out把什么挡在外面；go out出去，熄灭；wear out磨光，用旧，穿破，使贫乏；run out用完；give out放出，发出（气体、气味、光、热等）；耗尽，用完；筋疲力尽；发表，公布等。
不同动词加不同介词
go on继续；give up放弃 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，停止；give away泄露；think of考虑；try out实验，考验；find out找出；make sure确保
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】If we don’t study hard, we will in our class.
A. take the lead B. fall behind
C. be the first D. be successful
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【例题二】Thanks for _____________ the new monitor.
A. recommend me as B. recommend me for
C. recommending me as D. recommending me for
【答案】C
【解析】
───考查动词短语辨析：句意：谢谢 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你推荐我当新班长。Thanks for doing sth谢谢你做某事；recommend sb as推荐某人当……。所以选C。
【例题三】I would rather ______ warm colours _______ me feel comfortable.
A. use, to make B. using, to make
C. to use, making D. use, make
【答案】A
【解析】
───考查动词短语辨析：句意：为让我感到舒服 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我宁愿使用暖色。would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事；后一空用动词不定式表示目的作状语。所以选A。
【例题四】He also _________ some signs asking for old bikes.
A.put down B.put up C.put off
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【例题五】What action should they _______ such a thing happening again
A. do stopping B. take stopping
C. take to stop D. do to stop
【答案】C
【解析】
───考查动词短语辨析：句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：他们 应该做些什么事情阻止这件事再发生？此题考查固定短语take action参与活动，不定式表示目的状语，和stop from doing sth阻止做某事；根据句意，故选C。
【例题六】I’m sorry for____all your books on the desk.
A.knock over B.knock off
C.knocking about D.knocking down
【答案】D
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三讲方法——辨析特例
中考经典辨析词：
say，speak，talk和tell这四个动词都有”说”的意思，意在强调说话内容。但其用法不同：
　　say--作为及物动词时，后跟宾语，侧重于说的内容：也可以用作不及物动词，常用say to sb. (某人说)。
　　What did he say at the meeting 他在会上说什么了
　　”Good afternoon!”he said to me. 他对我说：”早上好!”
　　speak 主要强调 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说话的能力、方式和对象，作及物动词时，后跟表示语言的宾语;作不及物动词时，常用speak to sb. (与某人说话)。
　　I can speak a little English. 我会说一点点英语。
　　May I speak to Peter， please 找彼得接电话好吗
　　Talk是不及物动词，常用talk to /with sb. (跟某人谈话)
　　The teacher is talking to him. 教师正在跟他说话。
　　Tell意为告诉，只用作及物动词，后可跟双宾语或动词不定式作宾语补足语。
　　Please tell me the answer. 请告诉我答案。
She told me to sit. 她叫我坐下。
中考常见的短语形式：
动词+介词：这类动词短语后跟宾语，无论 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语是名词还是代词，都必须置于介词之后。如：look at , talk about, look after.
动词+副词：这类动词短语后跟宾语，宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语可位于副词前后均可；后跟人称代词作宾语，宾语需置于副词之前。如：put on, work out, go home.
动词+副词+介词
如：go on with, go back to
动词+名词+介词
如：take care of, take pride in
四练实题——随堂小练
1. — Many student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s don’t know how to _____ stress （压力）and become worried.
— I think they can ask their teachers for help.
A. argue with B. deal with
C. get with D. come up with
2．The scientists in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )China are trying __________ the ways to reduce the fog and haze (减少雾霾)．
A．look for B．to look for
C． to find out D．find out
3． Please look at the word on the blackboard and ________.
A. write it down B. write down it
C. write them down D. write down them
4．This question is very difficult. Let’s_____it.
A、ask for B、know about C、think about
5．She’s friendly.Every one of us likes to____her.
A.make friend B.make friends
C.make friends of D.make friends with
五练原创——预测提升
1．Remember to the lights when you leave your classroom.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
2．Scientists are t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rying their best to_______ ways to treat the terrible disease caused by Ebola(埃博拉）．
A. come up with B. look forward to
C. talk about D. give up
3．.—Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all ________ the weather.
A.belongs to B．happens to
C．depends on D．concentrate on
4．We are supposed t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o ___________a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones while driving cars.
A. come up with B. come from
C. come out D. come true
5． — Dear, what time is the flight to Beijing on Saturday
— Wait a minute. Let me _______ in the schedule（时刻表）.
A. look at it B. look for it
C. look after it D. look it up