备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题11:动词的时态(讲案)
一讲考点——考点梳理
动词的时态:
1、 一般现在时的用法
1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every…,sometimes 等时间状语。例如: He goes to school every day. 他每天去上学。
2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )般现在时表示将来。例如:If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来,我们将开个会。
3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如: The meeting begins at seven. 会议七点开始。
4) 表示状态和感觉的动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。
5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
2、 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now 刚才你上哪儿去了? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
3)注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )委婉语气。 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else 您还要些什么吗? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2)情态动词 could, would。例如: Could you lend me your bike 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
3.一般将来时的用法
1)一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 动词原形 ”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
2)“be to + 动词原形” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 男孩明天要去上学。
3) “be about to + 动词原 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形” 表示即将发生的动作,意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。 We are about to leave. 我们正要离开。
4) go , come ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。例如: I’m leaving for Beijing. 我要离开北京了。
5) 某些动词(如com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。例如:The meeting starts at five o’clock. 会议将在五点开始。
4. 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
2)以here, there等开始的倒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如: Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
4)在动词hope, take care ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
5. 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have(has) +过去分词。
重点: 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) b.I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如: This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
6.过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
2) 用法 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
注意: had hardly… when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )还没等…… 就……。例如: I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。 had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如: He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
7. 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如: The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如: You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
8. 过去进行时
1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】Who do you think this black bag_____
A. belongs to B. is belong to
C. is belonged to D. belonged to
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查动词的时态:句意:你认为这个黑色的书 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )包是谁的?belong to属于,不用于进行时态和被动语态。这里表达的是一般性的事实,故用一般现在时。所以选A。
【例题二】My friend Nancy _____Mark last week.
A. Married B. Was married with
C. Married to D. got married
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查动词的时态:句意:我的朋友南 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )希上周嫁给了马克。marry sb与某人结婚;marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人(让某人去某人);get married to和……结婚。所以选A。
【例题三】The work ________ in two hours. Let’s hurry.
A. must be finish B. must finish
C. will finish D. must be finished
【答案】D
【解析】
──考查动词的时态:句意:这个工作必须 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在两小时之内完成,让我们快点。由句意可知,这个句子中work做主语,要用被动语态,被动语态的形式为be+动词过去分词,只有D选项符合题意。情态动词后面的be动词用原形。故选D。
【例题四】The police beli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eve that the murder________ 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. yesterday.
A.was happened at B.happened at
C. took place between D.was took place between
【答案】C
【解析】
──考查动词的时态:句意:警方认为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谋杀发生在昨天下午11点到晚上9点。Happen = take place发生,都不能用于被动语态。Between…and在……和……之间。所以选C。
【例题五】The man________ last________ his home at about 7 a.m.
A.was; seen leaving B.did; see left
C.has; seen leave D.was; saw left
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查动词的时态:句意:最后看见那个男人离开他家是上午7点左右。Be seen doing sth被看见做某事,所以选A。
【例题六】—I doubt if he __________ to the party with us tonight.
— I believe if he __________ his homework, he will go with us.
A. will go; will finish B. will go; finishes
C. goes; finishes D. goes; will finish
【答案】B
【解析】
──考查动词的时态:句意: --我怀 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )疑他今天是否能和我们去派对。--我相信如果他完成作业的话,会和我们去的。doubt本身表示疑问的名词和动词,后面必须加疑问的宾语从句。在if条件句中用一般现在时表示将来,不用will,只有在表示愿意或不愿意时,if 后面才用will 或者won’t,根据题意可知第一空表示愿意,是宾语从句,第二空是是条件句,用现在时表示将来。故选B。
三讲方法——辨析特例
表示时态的特殊方法:
1.used to / be used ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。 be used to + doing:对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。人称代词有两类,一类主格一类宾;主格代词本领大,一切动作由它发;宾格代词不动脑,介动之后跟着跑。
2. be to和be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算 或计划。例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
3.用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如: a.I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 b.Are you staying here till next week 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
4. 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来说明动作延续时间长度。例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。) 注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
5. 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如: He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )异 延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如: He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
四练实题——随堂小练
1.How many times have you ________ to Shanghai
A. go B. gone C. been D. be
2.She told me the sun ____ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
3.The dirty water i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the river _____ many problems in the past ten years.
A.creates B.created
C.was creating D.has created
4. Not only Jim b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut also my parents and I ______ a few places of interest since we came to China.
A. has visited B. will visit
C. have visited D. visited
5.---Mrs White, why are you standing here
--- I’m waiting for my son. He ______ back from school.
A. didn’t come B. hasn’t come
C. won’t come D. hadn’t come
五练原创——预测提升
1.—Jane, why are you so happy
—The hen I keep for half a year ________an egg yesterday.
A. has laid B. lay C. lain D. laid
2.One year has four seasons and it_____ twelve months
A. divide into B. is dividing into
C.divided into D.is divided into
3.We to the Children park if it is sunny this Sunday.
A. went B. go C. going D. will go
4. —Tom speaks English. ____ Jane ____ English, too
—Yes, she does.
A. Do; speaks B. Does; speak C. Do; speak
5.--What were you doing at 9 o’clock last Sunday morning
--I ________.
A. did my homework B. am doing my homework
C. do my homework D. was doing my homework