2015年中考英语二轮专题复习教案：专题13 主谓一致

备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题13：主谓一致（讲案）
一讲考点——考点梳理
定义：在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is （are） helpful to you.
由连接词and或both …… and连接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：（1）若and所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.
（2）由and连接的并列单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a （an） ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.
主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.
either， neither， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：（1）在口语中当either或ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting.
（2）若no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America.
在定语从句时，关系代词t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people， polic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
由“a lot of， lots ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意：a number of“许多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
三、就近一致原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
当两个主语由either …or， n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )either …nor， whether …or …， not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right？
2. there be句型be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】 _______ of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e furniture in the museum ______ from Ming and Qing Dynasty.
A. Two-thirds; is B. Two-thirds; are
C. Two-third; is D. Two-third; are
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查主谓一致的用法：句意为：博物馆里2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/3的家具来自明朝和清朝。分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母需加“s”；当主语是分数或百分数时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定。 根据语境，furniture 是不可数名词，故选A。
【例题二】Not only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you but also I ____ interested in the English song Yesterday Once More.
A. am B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查主谓一致的用法：句意：我们两个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )都对英语歌昨日重现感兴趣。Not only … but also连接主语时，就近原则。结合句意，故选A
【例题三】One of my teachers ____ an Englishman.
A. is B. are C. do D. does
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查主谓一致的用法：句意：我的一个老师是个英国人。One of+名词的复数，做主语时，主语是第三人称单数，结合句意，故选A
【例题四】Nobody to help him.
A、wants B、want C、to want
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查主谓一致的用法：句意：没有人想要帮助他. Nobody是不定代词,作主语用作第三人称单数.结合句意，故选A
【例题五】______of the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ater_____polluted. We must try to protect our environment.
A.Two third; are B.Two third ; is
C．Two thirds; are D. Two thirds ; is
【答案】D
【解析】
──考查主谓一致的用法：句意：三分之二的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )水被污染了，我们必须保护我们的环境。分数的表示是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子超过一，分母要用复数形式。Water做主语，谓语动词用单数。故选D。
【例题六】 One of my teachers ____ an Englishman.
A. is B. are C. do D. does
【答案】A
【解析】
──考查主谓一致的用法：句意：我的老师中的一位是英国人。从题干分析句子的主语是one，是单数，此空又缺少系动词，因此用is，故选A。
三讲方法——辨析特例
逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1. what， who， whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
4. 表数量的短语“one an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.
5. 算式中表示数目（字） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cs 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
7. trousers， gl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
四练实题——随堂小练
1．Look! Those _______ my sisters.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
2． Everyone in our class ______ English.
A. plays B. play
C. likes D. like
3． Half of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) class ______ done most of the work. The left ______ rather difficult.
A. has, is B. have, is
C. have, are D. has, are
4．Seeing believing.
A. be B. are
C. was D. Is
5. My brother ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and I sports every day. I love tennis, but he doesn’t.
A.do; play B.do; to play
C.does; play D.does; to play
五练原创——预测提升
1．It is said that ove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r 50 percent of China’s population _________ working in the cities in 2013, so there are fewer and fewer people on the farm now.
A. are B. is
C. was D. were
2． Not only I but also ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Tom and Jack _____ interested in English because it _____ useful.
A. is, is B. is, are
C. are, is D. are, are
3．This is a big class，and _________of the students _________boys．
A．two-third；are B．second-there; is
C．two-thirds；are D．two-three：is
4． Paper first invented in China .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
5．Here　　　some food for you. You can have it.
A. are B. is C. has