2015年中考英语二轮专题复习教案：专题10 非谓语动词

备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题10：非谓语动词（讲案）
一讲考点——考点梳理
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
动词不定式
常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动式to be done 完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing
语法功能： 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.
2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.
3）宾语：Do you want to v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isit the Great Wall Can you give us some advice on what to do next
4）宾补：The teacher advi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed us to have a rest first. I didnt notice them come in.
5）定语：不定式位于所修饰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
6）状语： A．目的状语：She re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ads China Daily every day in order to/ so as to /to improve her English.
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
B．原因状语： I’m glad to see you .
C．结果状语：They lived ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .
4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。
如：How to fini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh the work in time is a problem.（主语）We don’t know when and where to go .（宾语）
6．不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：
1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如：
She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）
It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）
The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）
2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如：I’m sorry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.
3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生.
如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.
7．不定式的被动式如：What is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.
分词
1．分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：
一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done,完成被动式having been done
2．语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。
3．现在分词和过去分词的区别：
1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台转动的机器， a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车
2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。
如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed country发达的国家
4．现在分词的基本用法：
一般主动式用法：
A．作定语：The sleepin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)
The factory making T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )V sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)
B．作表语：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.
C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
如：We can see steam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Dont keep the students doing homework all day.
注：例如：I heard them s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inging in the room when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room (sing不可改为singing)
have sb. do sth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：
I’ll have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。
I’ll have him working in my company.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Don’t have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。
D．作状语：
①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldn’t help thinking of my school life.
②原因状语：Being ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
2）完成主动式用法：这种分词所表示的动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.如：Having finished her homework, she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.
3）一般被动式用法：表示正在发生的被动动作
如：The car being repai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car can’t be used.(＝As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.)
完成被动式用法：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作
如：Having been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.
5．过去分词的基本用法：
1）作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.
2）作表语：The glass is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.
3）作宾补：You must have/get your hair cut.
4）作状语：Given more time ,we can do the work much better.
6．独立主格结构：当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，则是一种独立主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。
如：The bell ringing, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we all stopped talking.(＝When the bell rang,we all stopped talking.)
There being no b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us, we had to walk home. (＝There was no bus ,so we had to walk home.)
7．使用现在分词的几个注意点：
作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：
Standing on top of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the tall building, we could see the whole city.（正） (Standing＝When we stood)
Standing on top of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the tall building, the whole city could be seen.（误）
现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：
现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意，但其用法是有区别的：作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：
Do you see the hospital being built / built there
The continent connec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。
作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：
Being led(＝Led )b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories.
作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。
如：The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.
作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。
如：Discussed(＝Having ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at last.
如果要强调分词状语的动作发生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。如： Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.
(5)在have, get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。如：I’ll have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut) He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired)
8.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式
已学的心理状态动词有：astonish, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bore, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move, please, puzzle, satisfy, surprise, shock, tire ,trouble, upset ,worry它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring report,a tiring walk。
它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an exc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ited girl,/I’m tired.但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。
动名词
动名词的基本用法：
作主语：Talking is easier ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )than doing. /it isn’t necessary explaining to him. /It’s no use waiting here.
作表语：My hobby（爱 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.
作宾语：He has given ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing 作定语：This is her fathers walking stick.
动名词的复合结构：his/him working there, Wang Dong’s/Wang Dong working there
语法功能：
作主语：Your smoking too ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb’s的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）
作宾语：I don’t like his/him staying with us.
作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）.
在remember, forget, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。
如：I remember lending/ having lent him some money before.
He forgot pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mising /having promised me that. /After finishing his homework,he went out for a walk.
动名词的被动式
如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。
如：The problem is far from being settled.
动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较
作主语：(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.
Talking i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is difficult.
(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：It took him two hours to finish the work. To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.
(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：Getting up early is a good habit.
<2>作宾语：有些动词跟不定式、动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多：begin, start, continue, love, prefer等。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, cant help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest. feel like, look forward to, devote…to(doing),be worth.
(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on
A.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have done sth.
B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事
C.regret to do sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事
D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
E.mean to do sth. 决意／打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味／表明做某事
F.try to do sth. 努力／设法去做某事
try doing sth. 试图／尝试用某一方法做某事
G.want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事
want/need/require dong. 需要／想要被…
H.go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事
go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】一Would you like to come to my birthday party this evening7．
一Ye s．I'm very glad to＿＿＿．
A．invite B．invited C．be invited
【答案】C
【解析】
───考查非谓语动词的用法：句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-今天晚上你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗？-是的，受到邀请我非常的高兴。结合句意可知是被邀请，所以用动词不定式的被动形式，故选C。
【例题二】The hal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l is too noisy. The speaker has to raise his voice to make himself ________.
A.hear B.heard C. to hear
【答案】B
【解析】
───考查非谓语动词的用法：句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这个大厅太嘈杂了。说话者不得不提高嗓音以使自己被听到。make 加动词的过去分词做宾语补足语，过去分词和宾语之间存在被动关系。结合句意，故选B.
【例题三】The shoppin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g mall is full of people. I’d rather ___________ at home.
A.staying B.stay
C.to stay D.for staying
【答案】B
【解析】
───考查非谓语动词的用法：句意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：购物商场满是人，我宁愿呆在家里。would raher do sth是固定句型用法，表示“宁愿做某事”。结合选项可知应选B。
【例题四】The young man was often seen ______ by the river.
A. to draw B. to drawing
C. draw D. drew
【答案】A
【解析】
───考查非谓语动词的用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：句意：常常在河边看到这个年轻人画画。See sb do sth看见某人做某事，其被动语态形式为sb be seen to do sth。所以选A。
【例题五】Do you like reading the novels _____ by LaoShe
A. write B. writing
C. written D. to write
【答案】C
【解析】
───考查非谓语动词的用法：句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：你喜欢阅读老舍写的小说吗？write写，原形动词； writing 是write的现在分词；written是write的过去分词； to write是write的动词不定式形式。此处应该选C，过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词novels。
【例题六】There are some da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngerous fishes in this river, and I’ve warned Jack ______ here.
A. not to swim B. to not swim
C. swim not to D. to swim not
【答案】A
【解析】
───考查非谓语动词的用法：句意：在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这条河里有一些危险的鱼，我警告杰克不要游到这儿。根据短语warn sb not to do sth“警告某人不要做某事”，故此处用动词不定式not to swim，故选A。
三讲方法——辨析特例
非谓语动词常考的其它结构
（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）
注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：
While still ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）。
When the streets a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：
feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如：
Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。
(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如：
He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如:
He was surprised to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )find the sheep (to) break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中。例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。
There was nothing f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等
It is very kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。
It's a great pi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ty for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
四练实题——随堂小练
1. –“It’s too cold. Would you mind _________ the window ”.
- “_________ . But don’t do it now.”
A. to close; Sure B. closing; Good idea
C. closing; Better not D. closing; Of course not
2．The man was charged________ into the house last night.
A. with breaking B. to break
C. for breaking D. with broken
3．He made up his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mind to devote his life _____ pollution ______ happily.
A. to prevent; from living
B. to preventing; to live
C. to preventing; from living
D. to prevent; to live
4．Tony is ________ to go to school.
A. enough old B. old enough
C. enough young D. young enough
5．I like our t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eachers because they can allow us _________what we think.
A. saying B. do
C. to say D. to doing
五练原创——预测提升
1．In my home town, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) old over 100 not only by their families but also by the government.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
C. is taken good care D. is taken good care of
2．What method can you think of _________ with these broken computers
A.to deal B. dealing C. deals D. Deal
3．It is necessary you English as often as you can .
A .for .;to read B. of; to read
C. to; to reading D. of ;reading
4． green clothes makes you feel energetic .
A. Wearing B. Dressing
C. Putting on D. Putting on
5．-What are you busy doing, Sandy
- I’m making some flash cards _________ me remember English words.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helped