2015年中考英语二轮专题复习教案：专题15 复合句

备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题 15: 复合句
（宾语从句、定语从句）（讲案）
一讲考点——考点梳理
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.
在介词的后面例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
直接与or not连用时例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
引导状语从句even if（即使）和as i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：
I don’t know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave
Can you imagine what kind of man he is
四.宾语从句的时态
主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是过去时态，从句须用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.宾语从句的特点
宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
关系代词引导的定语从句
　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
　　Is he the man who/that you want to see
　　他就是你想见的人吗？（who/tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t在从句中作主语）[1] 　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
　　They rushed over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
　　Please pass me th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
　　A prosperity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）
　　The package which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）
　　关系副词引导的定语从句
　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例 如：
　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
　　Is this the reason ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
　　that可以用于表示时间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
　　His father died t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
　　He is unlikely to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】 — Could you please tell me ______ just now
— Sorry, I was busy with my work.
A. what the teacher says B. what does the teacher say
C. what the teacher said D. what did the teacher say
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--请你告诉我刚才老师说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )什么了？--抱歉，我正在忙于我的工作。分析：考查宾语从句的用法，从句要体现陈述语序。因此第一项，第三项正确，通过时间状语just now体现为一般过去时，因此第三项正确。故选C
考点：考查宾语从句的用法。
【例题二】No one knows ____ .
A .what will the future be like
B. what the future will be like
C. what will be the future like
D. what will be the future like
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：没有人知道未来会是什么样子。在宾语从句中只能使用陈述句语序，不能使用疑问句语序，所以选B。
考点：考查宾语从句的语序。
【例题三】Could you tell me ________？
A.when will the meeting start
B.when the meeting will start
C.the meeting will start when
D.the meeting when will start
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：你能告诉我会议将在什么时候开始？此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。根据结构，故选B。
考点：考查宾语从句。
【例题四】It's foggy today. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I'm not sure _______ the highway will be closed soon.
A. whether B. when C. how D. why
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：今天是雾天。我不确定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高速公路一会儿是否会关闭。分析选项：whether是否；when当什么时候；how如何；why为什么。通过句意为是否之意。故选A
考点：考查连词的用法。
【例题五】-Do you know_______ second-hand smoke
-To protect our health and memory.
A. how we should prevent B. why should we prevent
C. why we should prevent D. how should we prevent
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--你知道我们为什么要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阻止二手烟吗？--为了保护我们的健康和记忆。分析：考查宾语从句的用法，从句要用陈述语序，因此第一项、第三项符合，通过答语体现对原因进行提问，因此第三项正确。故选C
考点：考查宾语从句的用法。
【例题六】 I’m not sure my pen pal can come here tomorrow.
A.whether B.when C.what
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我不确定是否我的网友明天能来。whether是否。故选A。
考点：考查宾语从句中的连接词
三讲方法——辨析特例
1．特殊情况：只能用that的情况，
先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时；
先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时；
先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时；
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时；
先行词有人又有物时；
当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
不能用that的情况
介词前置时；
非限定性定语从句中
先行词本身是that
多用who，不用that的情况
先行词为anyone，one，ones时；
先行词为those，he和people时；
这些词代替指人，whom在定语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中指人，"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom），that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下：
（1）Is he the man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) who/that wants to see you 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
（2）He is the man （ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whom/that） I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
（3）The man whom you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。（whom在从句中作宾语）
注：who在定语从句中指人，作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略；做及物动词或介词的宾语，可省略。
2,which，that 用来指物（有六种情况只可用that而不用which）
(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如：
（1）The prosper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在从句中作主语）
（2）The packag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。（which/that在从句中作宾语）
注：which在定语从句中指物，可作主语或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )及物动词或介词的宾语，作宾语时可省略；that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略，指人时，相当于who或whom，指物时，相当于which，作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that前，当介词提前时，需要用which或whom来代替。
2、whose
(只用作定语)
“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）
例：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。
（“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲）
He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。
（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户）
关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语。
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，“wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ich”代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，“which”在从句省略。[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]
2.如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面，但有的则放在它前面的位置。
3. 代表物时的that常被省略；
c）被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；
e）整个句中前面已有“which”，“why”行
关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）
when=during/ on/ in/……
1. “where”是关系副词，当然也不用“that”引导。
By the time wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。
Each time when he goe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带着生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他东西。
2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用“there is”开头。
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。
四练实题——随堂小练
1.Could you tell me ___a meeting in Guangzhou next week
A. if there was going to be
B. if there is going to be
C. whether is there going to be
D. whether there is going to have
2．-Are you clear about the trip next Saturday
- One more thing.1 want to know_______.
A. that Mr. Yang will go
B. if Mr. Yang will go or not
C. how will Mr. Yang go
D. whether Mr. Yang will go
3. ——Could you please tell me _____________
——Yes, she came to teach here just last week.
A. that she is a new teacher
B. when did she come here
C. what is wrong with her
D. whether she is a new teacher
4．---I seem to be lost. Could you tell me _____
---Sure. You can take the No.3 bus to get there.
A. where is the nearest hospital
B. how long it will take me to the airport
C. how far is my trip to the Olympic Village
D. how I can get to the National Museum
5. — Did the police ask the guard what happened
— Yes, the guard told the police all _________ he knew.
A. which B. that C. what
五练原创——预测提升
1．They were talki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng about the persons and things _______ they saw in the factory.
A. which B. that
C. what D. they
2．I prefer movies ______ scary monsters.
A. that have B. that has
C. who have D. who her
3．This is the book _______ I have read these years.
A. who B. when
C. where D. that
4. -- Show me the map, please. I wonder________.
-- Look, it's here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.
A. where is Diaoyu Island
B. where Diaoyu Island is
C. what is Diaoyu Island like
5．—This physics ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )problem is too difficult. Can you show me _____, Wang Li
—Sure.
A. what to work it out
B. what to work out it
C. how to work it out