备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题17:单元选择(讲案)
一讲考点——考点梳理
命题规律:
单项选择题主要从语法解度进行命题, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所涉及的知识点主要集中分布在名词、代词、动词、副词等实词辨析,同时还主要考查冠词、形容词、副词的比较级和非谓语动词、简单句、复合句的语法知识。考查的方向为语法知识、词义辨析、固定句型以及惯用搭配等。
方法技巧:
在中考试题中,“单项填空”已成为一种 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )必考题型,由于它考查的重点是学过的词汇、语法知识以及运用知识的能力,所以有不少同学在做这种题型时,顾此失彼,得分率不高。何况,现在的单项选择题已不再单纯考察学生语法知识了,而是更加注重考察学生的英语技能和对句子整体语意的把握能力。那么,如何提高解答这种题型的能力呢?这里向同学们介绍几种方法。
一、读懂全句,首尾照应。
例:You’d better _______ snacks to the party, for the teachers may take them away.
A. take B. to take C. not take D. not to take
有的同学由于受习惯的影响, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )刚看完了题干的前半部分,就想到had better do sth.这一句型,于是就匆忙地选了A做答案。如果你将句子读完,把全句译为汉语:“你最好不要带零食来晚会上,因为要被老师们没收。”全句读懂了,根据句意你就会排除A,而选C为答案了。
二、注意习惯用语,看清句意。
例1:I enjoy ________ in China very much.
A. live B. living C. to live D. to be living
例2:―Hello, may I speak to Li Mei ―Yes, _______.
A. my name is Li Me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )i B. I’m Li Mei C. this is Li Mei speaking D. Li Mei’s name
依据习惯用法,enjoy, finish等动词后跟(动)名词作宾语,而不能跟不定式,因而例1的正确答案为B。
例2根据所给的情景,我们可以看出这是打电话的开头语。按照打电话的习惯用语,此题应补上自我介绍的答语。故答案应选C。
三、排除干扰,认真分析。
答题时一定要认真审题,排除干扰,不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要只根据表面形式,而轻易地选取答案。要仔细分析整个句子所要表达的真正内容,对答案进行逐个筛选,直到找出正确答案。
例:She was going t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o arrive in Shenyang _______Tuesday, but she didn’t reach Jinzhou ____ Wednesday. A. on, on B. on, before C. on, after D. on, until
有些同学一看题目就立刻选A做答案,其实只要我们具体分析一下,就不难看出后半句是not…until句式,所以此题答案应选D。
即:对于“单项填空”题应从习惯用语、固定句式、句意、语境、语法等方面进行推理、排除、选择。
总之,以上三种方法只是抛砖引玉,同学们在平时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学习中应注意掌握语言基础知识和培养综合运用语言知识的能力,把主要精力放在语法知识的重点项目和我们学习中的难点,即容易忽视和混淆的地方。同时,用适当的精选练习题进行强化、检测和总结,那么“单项填空题”题就会化难为易了。
例析:
1. The weather in China is different _______ that in New Zealand.
A. to B. with C. from D. for
从句意知该句考察习惯用语be different from“和… …不同”,其它三个介词和different搭配都不恰当,因此答案应选C。
2. It took us two years _______ the house.
A. build B. built C. building D. to build
该题考查对固定句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间”的掌握程度,答案应选D。
3. There isn’t _______ in today’s newspaper.
A. anything ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) new B. new anything C. something new D. new something
该句为否定句,C、D不能用在该句中,应先排除;形容词修饰复合不定代词,定语要后置,所以B也应排除,余下的A是正确答案。
4. We’ll go to the Great Wall if it _______ tomorrow.
A. won’t r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ain B. isn’t going to rain C. don’t rain D. doesn’t rain
因主句是一般将来时,if引导的条件状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句要用一般现在时,便可把A和B排除,有因从句主语it是第三人称单数,从主谓一致考虑C不成立,故只有D是正确答案。
5. It takes ______ to go to Mongolia by air than by train.
A. more time B. much time C. little time D. less time
通读全句,见到表示比较的连词“than”,便知句意“坐飞机比坐火车化时间少”,因此答案应选D。
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】 It’s very friendly ________ him to help me when I’m in trouble.
A. of B. with C. to D. in
【答案】A
【解析】
——单项选择分析与技巧:句意:当我有麻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )烦的时候,他很友好帮助我。of …的;with和……一起,带有;to 到……;in在……里面。这里使用的是句型It is +形容词+of/for sb. to do sth.,对于某人来说做某事是……的。如果句型中的形容词表示人的品质,如friendly, honest, nice, kind等,则用介词of。故选A。
【例题二】-Will you get there by ________bike
-No, I will take ________bus.
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a
【答案】C
【解析】
——单项选择分析与技巧:句意:-- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你骑自行车到达那里吗?--不,我将乘坐汽车去。这里表示交通的工具应该是by+交通工具,不能用冠词;第二空故选。
考点:考查冠词的用法。
【例题三】- Bill, can I get you anything to drink - ______ .
A. You are welcome. B. No problem.
C. I wouldn’t mind a coffee. D. It doesn’t matter
【答案】C
【解析】
——单项选择分析与技巧:You are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )welcome.欢迎,不客气;No problem.没问题;I wouldn’t mind a coffee. 要是不麻烦的话,我很想来杯咖啡。It doesn’t matter没关系。根据上文,比尔,我能给你拿点什么吃的吗?结合语境可知选C。
考点:考查交际用语
【例题四】- What______ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large
- A large bowl of beef noodles, please.
A. color B. price C. size D. kind
【答案】C
【解析】
——单项选择分析与技巧:color颜色 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com );price 价格;size尺码;kind善良的,好心的,种类。句意:你想要多大的碗,小碗,中碗还是大碗?——请来一大碗牛肉面。结合语境可知本句中指的是碗的尺码,故选C。
考点:考查名词辨析
【例题五】Don’t worry. We have ___________food in the fridge now.
A. much B. many C. little
【答案】A
【解析】
——单项选择分析与技巧:muc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h许多,大量,修饰不可数名词;many许多的,修饰可数名词复数;little很少,一点。句意:不用担心,现在我们冰箱里面有许多食物。英语food为不可数名词,故选A。
考点:考查形容词辨析
【例题六】 -__________ are you always staying up so late these days
-To prepare for my final exam.
A. How B. Why C. When D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】
——单项选择分析与技巧:句意:——这些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )天你为什么总是睡得很晚?——准备我的期末考试。stay up late睡得很晚,prepare for为……作准备,A. How怎样; B. Why为什么;C. When什么时候;D. Where哪,根据下文To prepare for my final exam.可知识为什么总是睡得很晚,故选择B。
考点:考查特殊疑问词的用法。
三讲方法——辨析特例
经典题型找方法:
They stopped _________ and ________out to play when they ______ the bell ring
A working; went;heard B work; to go ;heard
C working; go;hearing D working; going;heard
你不用去理解题句,只看四个选择项,就能帮助排除两个!
第一空,有三个working ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), 一个work, 可以判断,第一空必填working! (理由:如果不是填working, 就是填work, 如果有人能确定,这里只能填work,不能填working,不是一下子就排除了ACD,那这题还有做头吗?另外两个空还用去考虑吗?)
第三空,有三个heard, 一个hearing, 可以判断,这空必填heard.
满足第一空为working, 第三空为heard的,就只有A和D了。怎么样,纯用数学及心理学,就能帮助我们排除BC两个选择项。
而第二空四个选项都不同。这就要靠你实力了。
现在知道,不是went, 就是going.
主句就变成两个选择:
They stopped worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng and went out to play . and并列的是stopped working 和went out to play两个过去动作。
They stopped worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng and going out to play . and 并列的是working和going out to play两个动作。作stopped的宾语,表示这两个动作都停止了。
显然前句合理,后句有问题。
译:当学生们听到铃响之后,就停止学习,出去玩了。
四练实题——随堂小练
1.—Have they found the lost flight MH370
—Not yet. I’m really ______ the people on the plane.
A. worried about B. angry with C. careful of D. afraid of
2. — What do you think of the movie The X-man
—It is ______ exciting ______ I’d like to see it again.
A. too, to B. such, that C. as, as D. so, that
3. —Tony is still in bed . He may miss the school bus .
—Last night he ________late to write the report of his survey.
A. stayed up B. woke up C. got up
4. The boats take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )different routes, but they all____ in the same place.
give up B. clear up C. end up D. make up
5. Be friendly and you’ll ____ well with others.
A. look at B.get on C.put on D. pick up
五练原创——预测提升
1.【2014年河北省中考】I’m b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )usy now. I ______ to you after school this afternoon.
A. talk B. talked
C. will talk D. have talked
2. The teacher is al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ready standing here. Do you know when she ______
A. comes B. came
C. is coming D. was coming
3. Monica, you ______ the exam! Congratulation!
A. pass B. have passed
C. will pass D. are passing
4. I saw Ken in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the meeting room, he ______ Joe for the school magazine.
A. interviews B. interviewed
C. has interviewed D. was interviewing
5. How time flies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )! Three years ________since I ________ you last time.
A. have passed; met B. has passed; met C. passed; have met