2015年中考英语二轮专题复习教案：专题18 完型填空

备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题18：完型填空（讲案）
一讲考点——考点梳理
“完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。
　　“抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。
　　“完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。
　　完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。
　　“完形填空”旨在测试考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。
传统的完形填空(cloze test) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用"四选一"的方法，将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外，还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。请看--
　　一、 目标要求
　　完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。
　　二、 解题步骤
　　在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：
　　1. 通览全文，了解大意
　　答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，"链条"从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于"只见树木不见森林"而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。
　　2. 综合考虑，先易后难
　　通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。
　　3. 复读检验，消除疏漏
　　完成所有空档后，还要再 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。完形填空多选择夹叙夹议的语篇.以考查实词,尤其是文章中的动词、名词、形容词副词等为主.
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】Man has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) invented four kinds of satellites. The first kind of satellite studies the 1 of the earth . They are used to make maps . They also help countries to see where they may 2 oil or gold .
The second kind of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )satellite is used to guide ships and planes. A ship or a plane can 3 a message to the satellite , and the satellite can find out 4 the ship or the plane is .
The third kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )studies the weather. These satellites 5 clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations when very 6 weather is coming.kind is used for communication. Telephone calls countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at the same time . The call is sent to the satellite , then the sends it to a station in the country and this country is being phoned . These satellites also carry pictures. They can receive and send about eight at a time .
Man has invented ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )four kinds of satellites. The first kind of satellites studies the 1 of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to see where they can 2 oil or gold.
The second kind of satellites is used to 3 ships and planes. A ship or a plane can send a message to the satellite and can find out 4 it is.
The third kind of sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tellites studies the weather, These satellites 5 clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparation when very 6 weather is coming. They 7 of the earth
from thousands of miles above it and send the photos to weather stations on the ground. 8 kind is used for communication. Telephone calls 9 countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at one time. The call is to be the satellite then the 10 sends it to a station in the country. These satellites also carry pictures; they can send about eight programs at a time.
1．A．physics B．chemistry C．biology D．geography
2．A．carry B．find C．keep D．choose
3．A．write B．send C．take D．bring
4．A．where B．what C．which D．that
5．A．have B．watch C．notice D．see
6．A．sunny B．cool C．bad D．fine
7．A．The last B．Another C．One D．Any other
8．A．among B．along C．between D．of
9．A．TV B．telegraph C．telephone D．satellite
10．A．plays B．programs C．films D．languages
【例题二】完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分15分）
What is the popula ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion of China There are more than 1.3 billion people in China. It is 1 one fifth of the world’s population. How to control the population growth is a big problem. Some people think it’s 2 to control the population growth. But I don’t quite agree 3 them because where there is a will, there is a way.
The question is how ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we could 4 it known to everyone how serious the population problems are. Our farmland(家园) is becoming less and less to everyone. We have already got too many mouths to feed. 5 we control the population growth, many people will 6 because of hunger(饥饿). Too fast population growth will be bad for our nation. Though laws have been passed to control the population growth, in some places 7 is done to carry out the laws. We should let people 8 that it is foolish of them to give birth to too many children. They should no longer do what they have been doing for many years.
We are fighting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 9 too fast population growth. Yet the fighting won’t end 10 everyone knows its importance and does something for it.
1．A. most B. almost C. hardly
2．A. possible B. necessary C. impossible
3．A. to B. on C. with
4．A. let B. make C. have
5．A. If B. Unless C. Until
6．A. dead B. die C. death
7．A. many B. little C. a lot
8．A. to know B. learning C. know
9．A. for B. against C. to
10．A. until B. after C. when
三讲方法——辨析特例
答题方法：
1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填,如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的,不必再去逐个考证其余答案.
2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定,可按空 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )格位置,从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面,对选项逐项分析试填.排除干扰项,从而确定正确答案.
进行核查同时注意以下三点：
1．上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致.
2．从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手,看是否符合上下文的逻辑.
3．段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯.
实例点拨
　　请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。
　　Every year students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__ It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life (生活).
　　1. A. all B. the other 　C. both D. other
　　2. A. English B. Chinese 　C. maths D. Japanese
　　3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice
　　4. A. books B. classes　C. schools D. subjects (科目)
　　5. A. good B. useful (有用的) 　C. fine D. pleased
　　6. A. for B. of C. to D. from
　　7. A. in B. with C. at D. of
　　8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read
　　9. A. go B. work C. like D. come
　　10. A. help B. helping　C. helps D. helpful
　　答题分三步：
　　第一步： 通览全文
　　通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。
　　第二步： 逐项填空
　　本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。
　　1. 选B。some.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).other(s)...意思是"一些……另一些 (泛指)"； some...the other(s)...意思是"一些……另一些(特指)"。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。
　　2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。
　　3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。
　　4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。
　　5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。
　　6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。
　　7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。
　　8. 选D。"读报"英语习惯说read　newspapers。
　　9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。
　　10. 选D。末句点题，"英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)"。
　　第三步： 复读检验
　　将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。
　　最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greater success in the future！
四练实题——随堂小练
1．Andy was a single ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )father, raising (抚养) a 5-year-old boy alone. He was often worried that his son 46 up without a mother to care for him. In the morning he 47 on business, leaving the child alone. He was worried about the child all the way, not 48 if he had eaten. But his child always told him not to worry. Andy always went home 49 after finishing his work. When he got home one day, the child was deep asleep. He was tired out. When he went to bed himself, he was 50 to find an overturned (打翻的) bowl of noodles under the quilt (被子). He 51 up his sleeping son angrily, “Why are you so naughty (淘气的), making the quilt 52 Who will wash it ” It was the first time that he had hit his boy after his wife’s death. “I haven’t,” the child explained 53 tears (泪) in his eyes, “This is your supper, Daddy.” In order to let his father eat supper when he got home, the child cooked two bowls of noodles: one for himself, 54 for his father. He was afraid that his father’s noodles would get 55 , so he placed them under the quilt to keep them warm.
46. A. grew B. picked C. taken D. put
47. A. kept away B. stayed away C. went away D. gave away
48. A. thinking B. knowing C. waiting D. wondering
49. A. angrily B. happily C. quickly D. possibly
50. A. worried B. excited C. patient D. surprised
51. A. got B. gave C. came D. woke
52. A. dirty B. clean C. broken D. old
53. A. with B. through C. across D. in
54. A. other B. the other C. another D. others
55. A. hot B. cool C. cold D. More
2. （每小题2分，共20分）
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把机读卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Lisa has always been o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verweight. She wanted to lose weight, not just because she wanted to ___1____ more beautiful and he healthier, but also because it would make life easier. For example, it was____2_ for Lisa to find ready-made clothes that would fit. She had to ask a tailor(裁缝) ___3__ clothes that were large enough. In school, she needed a special chair__4__ was bigger and stronger than the other chairs. If she went for a walk, she got tired very quickly. She was also unhappy about the way people treated__5 __ sometimes. “People look at me and even make fun of me. That’s unfair! It’s true that I’m overweight, but I don’t think people__6___ treat me differently because I’m big. I can’t enjoy ___7__ with my friends because I’m afraid of getting fatter.” Her friends and family never made fun of her. They tried to help her___8__ . They wanted her to be happy and healthy. Sometimes when Lisa was feeling sad, she didn’t want to speak to __9___.
But now things _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_10___ quite different. Last month her classmates were preparing for the School__11 Week. Someone advised Lisa to play the lead role of the proud Queen(女王) who was tall and fat. Lisa ___12_ and practiced a lot.
Soon after the pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay, Lisa became the star! She did _13____ well that everybody remembered the proud Queen. They stood around her and said “ __14__ ” to her. She even won the School Best Actress Award for her wonderful performance.
Now Lisa doesn’t w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orry ___15___ being fat any more. She believes in the English saying “Every dog has its day.”
1.A. see B. watch C. notice D. look
2.A. easy B. difficult C. wrong D. right
3.A. making B. makes C. make D. to make
4.A. who B. what C. which D. whose
5.A. her B. him C. me D. you
6.A. can B. may C. should D. must
7.A. having dinne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r B. to have dinner C. doing sports D. to do sports
8.A. however B. instead C. though D. either
9.A. nobody B. someone C. anyone D. everyone
10. A. was B. is C. were D. are
11. A. Sports B. Art C. Science D. Environment
12. A. agreed B. disagreed C. refused D. allowed
13. A. very B. too C. such D. so
14. A. Sorry B. Good luck C Congratulations D. Good-bye
15. A. with B. about C. in D. for
五练原创——预测提升
1．完形填空。（每小题1分，共10分）
The Great Wall of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )China has a history of over two thousand years. It runs from the east to the west in North China . It is about 6,300 kilometers . It is often “The Ten-thousand- Li Great Wall”. It is one of the “Seven Wonders” of the ancient world.
The Great Wall is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for ten men to walk side by side. Horses can also run along it, too. The Great Wall stones and bricks(砖). There are huge stones on side and on the highest part. But now some sections of it are worn out.
There are tall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) watchtowers along the Great Wall. Once upon a time, the soldiers kept the enemies(敌人) in the watchtowers day and night. They made on the towers to each other when the enemies came.
Nowadays we d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on’t use the Great Wall to keep away the enemies any more. It is a famous place of to all the people in the world. Every year people come to visit it from all over the world.
1．A. wide B. tall C. long D. high
2．A. calling B. call C. called D. calls
3．A. enough wide B. wide enough C. more enough D. too enough
4．A. was made of B. was made from C. was made in D. was made by
5．A. both B. all C. each D. either
6．A. seeing B. watching C. looking D. reading
7．A. fire B. a kite C. a face D. a toy
8．A. tell B. talk C. speak D. say
9．A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interests
10．A. thousan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d B. thousands C. thousands of D. thousand of
2. 完形填空： 阅读短文，从每题A、B、 C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。(10分)
Some students ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat(作弊) because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without _1_ the time studying. Other students might feel that they can’t 2 the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, it isn’t a good idea..A student who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test 3 to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some better ways together. Talking about these problems and 4 them out will help feel better than cheating.
If a student gets cau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght cheating, the teacher may give a “zero” on the test, send him or her to the head teacher’s 5 , and call his or her parents. Worse than the 6 grade may be the feeling of having disappointed those people, like parents and teachers. A parent may worry that you are not an 7 person and a teacher might watch you more closely the next time you’re taking a test.
There are plenty of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reasons why a kid shouldn’t cheat, but some students have already cheated. If that’s you, it’s 8 too late to stop cheating. Cheating can become a 9 , but a student is always able to act better and make better 10 . It might help to talk the problem over with a parent, teacher, or friend.
1．A. taking B. spending C. costing D. Using
2．A. write B. exercise C. pass D. expect
3．A. decides B. hopes C. refuses D. needs
4．A. breaking B. dreaming C. missing D. working
5．A. office B. school C. seat D. conversation
6．A. natural B. dangerous C. anxious D. bad
7．A. outside B. boring C. interesting D. honest
8．A. always B. never C. once D. neither
9．A. menu B. medicine C. habit D. match
10．A. education B. decisions C. challenges D. risks
3. 完形填空（共l5小题；每小题l分。计15分）
阅读下列短文，从文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Joe Azougar was walking his dog when a bear appeared suddenly．
"When it came up， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the first thing my dog did was 1 me and attack the bear，" Azougar said from his 2 in Lady Minto Hospital．
Then Azougar ran ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) into his house and began to 3 his neighbors，warning them what was going on．"As I looked around I saw the bear pull my dog into the 4 ．And to my great sadness，the dog was killed，" he said．
Then suddenly，the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear 5 and it broke through the house's back window．Azougar began throwing things at the bear and making loud noises．Then he stood on a chair to make himself look much 6 ．
"It seemed as if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the bear was very 7 ， said Azougar．“I thought my best chance was to run outside 8 someone could find me．"
Azougar began running，but the bear 9 him．
"It had four paws ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on top of me，" he said．“Then，it 10 my body and tried to bite my stomach．That gave me just a few 11 to turn into and protect my head．"
The bear began to p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ull Azougar's body．“By that time I could feel my body becoming 12 ，" Azougar said．
Luckily，two ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )women， who were 13 ，saved him．Their car was such a（n） 14 thing in the bear's eyes，that it ran quickly into the woods．
"I am just thankf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ul to those two angels that saved me in time，" he said．
People，who h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave lived here for 20 or 30 years，said they had 15 seen anything like this，" said Azougar．He is the first one，and he hopes that he will be also the last one．"Now I'm planning to move somewhere else once I come out of hospital．"
1．A．protect B．follow C．leave D．stop
2．A．office B．lab C．bed D．desk
3．A．calm B．visit C．save D．call
4．A．water B．fire C．woods D．grass
5．A．ran away B．came back C．gave up D．jumped up
6．A．larger B．kinder C．smaller D．cleverer
7．A．sick B．lazy C．bored D．hungry
8．A．ever since B．so that C．even if D．as if
9．A．ate B．forgot C．caught D．changed
10．A．turned over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B．put up C．cut off D．poured into
11．A．days B．hours C．minutes D．seconds
12．A．warm B．lifeless C．strong D．healthy
13．A．walking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by B．running by C．driving by D．cycling by
14．A．funny B．interesting C．modern D．frightening
15．A．sometimes B．once C．never D．often