Unit 6 Sunshine for all 词汇2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册（无答案）

8B Unit 6 Sunshine for all
Vocabulary
【学习目标】 学习并灵活运用本单元词汇。
【基础、要点部分】
1. train vt. 接受训练，训练，培训 vi. 训练，培训
n. _________（不可数）“培训，训练”
train to be/as ... 训练成为
Hobo正在训练成为一名奥运会的志愿者。
Hobo_____ _______ ______ _____ a volunteer for the Olympic Games.
train for sth 为某事而（接受）训练
他们正为比赛项目训练。They are ________ _____ the events.
train sb / sth to do sth 训练某人/某物做某事 被动结构为：sb/sth be trained to do sth.
train n. 火车 他们将坐火车去南京。_____________________________________________
2. support vt. 支持，支撑，鼓励 support sb in sth. 在某方面支持某人
我的家人支持我的决定。_________________________________
【拓展】vt. 养（家），维持（生活），负担（费用），赞成 n. 支持，支援（不可数）
supporter n. 支持者，拥护者（可数）
大学毕业后我要自力更生。 I’ll _________________________________ after finishing college.
他得到了我们所有人的支持。 He got ______________________________________of all of us.
没有父母的支持我无法出国深造。 ___________________________, I can’t go abroad for further study.
3. meaningful adj. 有意义的 反义词_______________ 动词mean - meant - meant
e.g. What he did is __________. 他所做的很有意义。
【常见短语】be meaningful to sb 意为“对某人来说很有意义”。
e.g. Many things in my life are meaningful to me.
4. blind adj. 瞎的，失明的
My grandpa has_______________ for over 2 years. 我爷爷已经失明两年多了。
【拓展】（1）blindness n.失明（不可数）
Some old people need much help from others because of blindness and deafness.
一些老年人因为失明或耳聋很需要别人的帮助。
（2）汉语中一般用“眼”做主语，而英语中则用“人”做主语，并且后接介词短语in the right/left eye, in both eyes等，这里的定冠词the不可以用形容词性物主代词代替。
他右眼失明。______________________________
5. deaf adj.聋的，在句子中可作表语或定语，常用结构 become/ go deaf 变聋
e.g. 他天生耳聋。He was born deaf.
【拓展】deaf 还有“不愿听的，装聋的”的意思
be deaf to advice 不听劝告 turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻
e.g. 不要对我所说的置若罔闻。Don’t _____ ______ ______ ______ _____ what I said.
6. disabled adj. 丧失使用肢体能力，肢体有残疾的
e.g. 我们应该尊重残疾人。 We should respect those people who are disabled.
【拓展】able (adj.) 有能力的 unable (adj.) 没有能力的
ability (n.) 能力 disability (n.)缺陷，障碍（可数）
拓展：“dis”否定前缀，表示否定、相反或相对的意思。
如：不喜欢________ 消失__________
7. elderly adj.年老的 the elderly 老人= the old; the rich 富人；the young 年青人; the poor 穷人
【the + 形容词，表示一类人，复数】
考点一：elderly 在句子中主要用作定语，一般用于修饰人，且无比较级和最高级
e.g. He is an elderly man, about sixty.
考点二：辨析elder ,elderly和older
elder 表示“年龄较大的，年长的”，指家庭成员的比较；在句中只做定语，不做表语；只能用来指人。 She is my elder daughter.
elderly 表示“上了年纪的，过了中年的”，是绝对意义上的年纪较大 His uncle is an elderly man.
older 意为“年老的，更旧的”，可修饰人，也可修饰物；在句中即可作定语，也可作表语 This book is older than that one.
8. homeless adj.无家可归的
e.g The earthquake also left 5 million people homeless.
【拓展】名词后加后缀-less,表示否定意义的形容词：
loveless 无爱情的 endless 无尽的 colorless 无色的
hopeless 没有希望的 helpless 无助的 useless 没用的
thoughtless 欠考虑的 nameless 匿名的 voiceless 无声的
9. volunteer n.志愿者，志愿兵
作为一名志愿者工作______________________________
volunteer vi. vt.自愿
volunteer to do sth. 自愿做……”
They volunteered to offer service during the Olympic Games. 他们自愿在奥运会期间提供服务
volunteer for (doing) sth 主动提出，志愿承担（做）某事
He volunteered for the hard and unprofitable job. 他自愿做这苦差使.
10. expect vi & vt 期待，指望，预料
hope 表示主观上的愿望，对其实现抱有信心 hope to do / hope that从句
wish 表示某种未实现或不能实现的愿望 wish to do/ wish sb to do/ wish that 从句（不可实现的愿望用虚拟语气）
expect 侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望 expect sth/ expect to do sth / expect sb to do sth
E.g. I never expected his help. 我从未期望过他的帮忙。
我期望收到简的来信。______________________________
我希望你能帮我。______________________________
He expected that he could get there on time. 他期望他能准时到达那里。
just as you expected 正如你所期盼的
注意：expect后可接that从句，若从句为否定，主句为第一人称，一般要否定前移。
e.g. I don’t expect he can come tonight.
练习：（ ）-- Waiter, there is a fly swimming in my soup
-- So what do you _____ me to do, call a lifeguard(救生员)
A. warn B. expect C. invite D. encourage
11.disability n.无能; 残疾； 复数：_______________
We have many areas of illness and disabilities.
able adj. 能够…的be able to=can 反义：unable He is able to pass the exam.
ability n. 能力 His ability is stronger than mine.
disabled adj. 残疾的 We should give seats to the disabled people on the bus.
12. chance n. 机会，机遇 近义词：opportunity
请给我个机会解释 Please give ______________________________.
take a chance 冒险 ; by chance 意外地，偶然地 ;
give sb. a chance 给某人一次机会
have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事 have no chance to do sth. 没有机会做某事
13. similar adj. 同样的，类似的
be similar to 和......相似，其中to为介词，其后多接名词或代词。
他的生活经历与我的相似。 ______________________________________________
be similar in 在......方面相似
我们的车颜色相似。__________________________
14. give up 放弃
give up (doing) sth放弃（做）某事 give them up 放弃他们
【拓展】give in屈服；让步；交上 give out 分发
give back归还（送回；反射） give away送掉（泄露，放弃，分配，出卖）
15. necessary adj. 必要的; 强制的; 必然的; 不可避免的 反义词：_____________
对我们来说，学好英语很有必要。_____________________________________________
if necessary 如果有必要
如果有必要，我将再去一次上海。__________________________
16. coach n. 教练; 长途客运汽车; vt. & vi. 训练; 辅导
第三人称单数_________现在分词___________过去式___________ 过去分词___________
可数名词复数_________
He has joined our team as _______________. 他已经作为教练加入了我们队。
He went to Suzhou _________________ last week. 上周他坐长途车去了苏州。
He often________________ me in Japanese. 他经常辅导我日语。
I am________________________ for a young boy from North China called Li Hai.
我是一位来自中国北方的叫李海的年轻人的游泳教练。
17. gold n. 金，黄金（不可数）; 金牌（可数）
【拓展】adj. gold 金（制）的，含金的（强调物质）golden 金色的; 金黄的.(强调颜色)
这个孩子仗着蓝眼睛和金色的头发。__________________________
他有块金表。__________________________
另外，silver用作形容词，意为“银的，银色的”；silver意为银牌时，是可数名词
18. confident adj.自信的 n.自信_____________
be confident of … 确信…… be confident that… 确信……
have the confidence to do sth 有信心去做某事 have confidence in 对…有信心
e.g. 他很自信，他能赢得一等奖。He is____________ that he will win the first prize.
我有自信能赢得比赛。I ______________________ win the match.
19. background n. 背景 不同的背景______________________
……的背景__________________________ 背景音乐/图片__________________________
20. closely adv.接近地；紧密地；严密地；亲近地
比较级为_______________, 最高级为_____________。其形容词为_______,意为“亲密的，密切的”。
work closely with 与……密切配合
closely adv. 密切地 表示抽象性的“接近”
close adv. 不远，接近地 表示场所、位置的“接近”
adj. 邻近的，亲密的 表示位置、关系的接近
v. 关，闭
closed adj.关着的，闭着的
【练习】
1) He lives quite _____ to the supermarket. So he knows it ____ at 5.30 p.m. every day. (close)
2) The police are watching that building ____________.
But the door and the windows are always ______________.(close)
3) Please take a ______________ (close) look at these animals.
4) She devotes most of her time to working _________(close) with Project Hope.
5) Keep the door __________, my _________ friend.
A. close; closed B. close; close C. closed; closed D. closed; close
6) It’s very meaningful to work ___________ with the workers. (close)
21. achieve vt. 实现，到达，后面常接名词、代词或从句作宾语。主语多为人，常用来表示“取得成就，达到目的” n.____________________
e.g. Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims. 要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。
注意：achieve一般与令人愉快的事（如：成功，成就等）连用。
【辨析】achieve与come true
come true意为“实现”，其主语是梦想之类的事物；achieve的主语则是人。
e.g. I think your dream will come true.= I think you will achieve your dream.
If you don’t work hard, your goal won’t come true.= If you don’t work hard, ________________________
（ ）Dreams are beautiful. However, to _______ them needs lots of time and work.
A. discover B. find C. achieve D. stop
22. prize n.奖赏，奖品
prize 侧重于对各种竞赛中成绩优秀者的奖励，或对于某种行为的嘉奖 Her beautiful roses won first prize at the flower show.
award 常指裁定的结果，如“奖品，奖金”等 The award went to the youngest runner.
reward 侧重于对某一行为的回报，即“报酬，奖金” We’ll offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case.
23. donate vt. & vi. 捐赠 ; 捐献 献血_________________________
把某物捐给某人 donate sth to sb
你可以把书捐给贫困地区的孩子。_______________________________________
n. ___________ (1)捐赠物 (可数) ; (2)捐助(不可数)
我们收到了人们的很多捐赠物。___________________________
捐助大约100,000元。___________________________
24. blood n.血 动词：_________ 意为“流血”
blood type 血型 make a blood test 验血 in cold blood 残忍地
25. one-to-one adv. 一对一地 do their work one-to-one一对一地工作
26. disease 疾病（可数）
他生来就有心脏病。_________________________________
【拓展】辨析disease, illness和sickness
disease 病，疾病 通常指具体的疾病，此时为可数名词；有时指疾病的总称，不可数
illness 病 很少指具体的疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态
sickness 病 可泛指身体不适，还特指呕吐、晕船、晕车等
e.g. He suffers from a rare blood disease. 他患有一种罕见的血液病。
Because of illness, she can’t go to work. 由于生病，她没能去上班。
Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers. 咆哮的海浪使许多乘客呕吐。
练习：（ ）The doctor said that Tom got a serious stomach ________.
A. disease B. illness C. pain D. sickness
27. operation 手术（可数）
我需要动手术吗？____________________________________
have an operation on… 做….的手术
【拓展】运转，操作（不可数） in operation 运转中，操作中，实施中
这台机器在运转。___________________________
operate vt./vi. 经营；运转；操作；动手术 operate on sb 给某人动手术
28. survivor n. 幸存者 earthquake survivors 地震中的幸存者
【拓展】survive v. 幸存 survive (in ) the earthquake 地震中存活下来
【拓展巩固部分】
Test1
1. The cute dog leads the ________________ (瞎的) woman to her workplace every day.
2. I just couldn’t remember the name of the ______________ (背景) music and this almost drove me crazy.
3. At first I thought it was so easy a _______________ (任务) , but I was wrong.
4. 35% of the __________ (年老的) feel lonely from time to time since their children don’t live with them.
5. We will design a new plan for the _______________ (项目).
6. It is not clear why some children have _____________(血液) diseases in some areas.
7. Every year some college students would like to work in ______________ (西北方) China.
8. It takes many years of ____________ (培训) to be a good basketball player.
9. These plates were made of ______________ (银). They were for the kings in the past.
10. My grandfather used to live in the ____________ (西南) of China, but now he enjoys his life in Shenyang.
11. To work____________(密切地)with the Laos government, we will continue sending college students.
12. We shouldn't look down on those people with mental_______（缺陷）．
13. Dr. Wang is doing an important_______（手术）．
14.- Is it_______ to donate some books to those children in poor areas
-Yes. I hope more people can support this charity activity.
15. -The 2-year-old children was the only_______ in the accident.-Oh, my god.
16. -Some_______ people usually sleep in the open air.
-I think the government should provide them with some covers.
17. Our school soccer team needs more (支持).
18. He is very glad to have a (机会) to practice his English.
19. Maria often wins first p (奖赏) in the school speech contests.
20. The boy will try his best to (完成，实现) his dream.
21. The dishes in this restaurant are better than we (预料)before.
22. Have you (捐献)money to the people who lost their homes in the flood
23. The teacher will have a talk with all her students (一对一)about their problems.
24.—How is the boy
—Terrible. He is . He can never hear any sound from now on.
Can you write an ________ (介绍) to your new club
He won three ________ (金牌) in the sports meeting and surprised us a lot.
The mistake is ________ (相似的) to the one that you made yesterday.
Most of the food for the homeless is provided by a voluntary ______________ (组织).
Please tell me the __________ (运动员) telephone numbers. I want to interview them some day.
How many____________ (教练) are there in your basketball team
Test2
1. After long-time hard work, he finally __________（实现）success last month.
2. After the meeting, the two companies worked more __________（in a close relation）than before.
3. Although Peter’s mum is __________（残疾的）, he still takes pride in her.
4.Be __________（feeling sure about your own ability）! I think you are good enough to give this talk.
5.Do not __________（期盼）right answers. You should work them out on your own.
6.Everyone may have a __________（机会）to be successful if he tries his best.
7.The 800-metre race is the fourth __________（比赛项目）in the afternoon.
8.he doctor think he will go __________（unable to see）after this terrible car accident.
9.He won three __________（金牌）and a bronze in the competition.
10.It is __________（not able to happen）for me to finish the work without your help.
11.—How is the boy —Terrible. He is d__________. He can never hear any sound from now on.
12.I don’t think it is an easy __________（任务）. We should work hard.
13.I hope our charity show will be a great __________（成功）.
14.I think it m__________ to raise some money for children in poor areas.
15.In their geography class, the children are doing a special __________（课题）.
16.It’s __________（必要的）that children should learn to share things and work with others as a team.
17.It’s important to understand other people from different __________（背景）.
18.It’s kind of you to give a __________ hand when I am in need.
19.Kunming is a beautiful city in __________（西南）China.
20.Lang Ping is one of the best volleyball __________（教练）in the world.
21.—How many people were hurt in the accident —Ten, __________ two children.
22.Mr Green is patient enough to talk with her students __________（一对一地）about their problems.
23.Mr Li is very active though he is an e__________ man.
24.My brother is a __________（学院）student.
25.My brother lost a lot of b__________ because he cut his finger.
26.Now, thousands of sportsmen are __________（训练）for the coming Olympic Games.
27.Nowadays, parents pay more attention to their kids’ __________（智力的）development.
28.Our teacher will ___________（支持）us.
29.Our team didn’t win first p__________. We finished third in the end.
30.Project Hope is an o__________ that raises money to help poor children.
31.The __________（运动员）are preparing for the coming match.
32.The doctor is doing an __________（手术）on a patient.
33.The doctor said he had a serious ___________（an illness）and had to lie in bed for a long time.
34.The kind man has ___________（to give away something）lots of money to the poor family.
35.The necklace is made up of __________（银）and doesn’t cost much.
36.This is one of the most exciting __________（经历）that I will never forget.
37.We should care more about those children with learning __________（缺陷）.
38.We’ll hold a __________（慈善）show tomorrow.
39.—What can we do for those __________ people —We can build more houses since they have no place to live.
40.You can check the ___________（志愿者）names on the Internet.