2015年中考英语二轮复习学案：01 名词

初中英语复习专辑——名词
名词的数
1、可数名词与不可数名词
可修饰名词的常用词：1.修饰可数名词的有:
a (large/great)numbe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r of; numbers of; a good many ; (a)few ，a good few , quite a few（相当多） ;many a (单数形式)
2.修饰不可数名词的有: much ; a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (good )supply of; supplies of ;a large amount of ; a good /great of; quite a little （相当多）
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有: some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), any, a lot of /lots of ; plenty of ; a great/large quantity of; great/large quantities of
A、不可数名词，初中阶段常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数).
不可数名词应注意以下几点：
1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语
eg. There is ____ bread on the table. A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many
There is some_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ on the plate. A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、不规则变化：
man—men ; woman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—women ; child—children policeman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen foot—feet tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice
B、规则变化
1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz]
2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尾加 s eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz]
3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz] eg. knives [naivz]
4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s]
5)一般加s 浊就浊[z] eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz]
但注意以下几点：
① potato—pot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atoes ; tomato—tomatoes hero---heroes; negro---negroes（两菜两人）
② 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese ，people
③由man ,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数
man doctor — men doctors women nurses
④ reef—reefs /roves scarf—scarfs/scarves
⑤ “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans
⑥ people , police 常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.
3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是 “……的”)
A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
Lucy and Lily’s fat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers 露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
2)以s结尾的词只加“ ’ ” eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导 eg. the leg of the desk
4)双重所有格：a friend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of my father’s a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )
难点 1）名词所有格的归纳
(1)a student's room, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students' rooms, father's shoes。 (2)Children's Day (3)a friend of my father's
(4)a twenty minute ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
（说明：表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's）
(5)a map of China，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
（说明：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构）
(6)Li Lei and W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ang Fei's bedroom, an hour and a half's talk （说明：表示两个名词共有一样东西时，在第二个名词后面加's）
(7)Jim's and Peter' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s desks; Joe's and David's books （说明：表示两个名词各有的东西时，在各个名词后都加's。）
2）名词词语辨析 区别部分名词词语辨析：
（1） voice, noise, sou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd, music （2）home, house, family, country （3）place , floor, room , ground
（4）work, job
3、易错点
1）Help yoursel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f to _________.
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken
答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数)
2)________ it is to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.)
3) Which is the way ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the __________
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory
答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)
4) This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 “人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等)
练 习
一、写出下列词的复数
1.book______2.bus_____3.orange 4.baby______5.boy______6.my 7.his_______8.knife___
9.watch 10.shee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf 13.German_________14.Chinese________
二、选择正确的答案
( )1.—Are those ______ ---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows
( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.
A. two orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges
( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know
A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces
( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.
A. 20 minutes’ wal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k B. 20 minute’s walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.
A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan C. Mr. James D. James Green
( )7.Jack and Tom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are ____. A. good friends B. good friend C. a good friend D. good a friend
( )8.It’s onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute
( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.
A. two breads ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. two piece of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.
A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children
( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.
A. two months holiday ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. two months’ holiday C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays
( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.
A. works B. job C. work D. working
( )13.Li Lei is a fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )end of ___. A. I sister B. my sister’s C. my sister D. my sister of
( )14.Have you read _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ A. today’s B. today paper C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper
( )15.How man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y ___ are there in the room A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes
( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 2011.
A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys
( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
( )18.The cat c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aught two ___ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.
A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes
( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher
( )21.The three __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_ will be put into prison. A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’
22．--- They are t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hirsty. Will you please give them ______ 　 --- Certainly. 　
A. some bottles ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of waters B. some bottles of water 　C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
23．The ________are going to fly to Beijing. 　
A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans
24．What’s your _______ for being late again 　A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news
25．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly. 　　
--- But I think we should let _______ go out first. 　
A. woman and chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dren B. women and child 　C. woman and child D. women and children
26．--- You can see ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop. 　　--- Thanks. 　A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS 　C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
27．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ 　
A. Children’s Day ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. Childrens’s Day 　 C. Childrens Day D. Children Day
28． are cleaned every day.
A. Our classroom of windows B. Our classroom windows
C. Our class ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )room of windows D. The windows of our classroom
29．There is still ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) orange here, but people want to drink it.
A. little, l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ittle B. a little, few C. a little, a few D. a few, little
30．I have never read any books of .
A. Luxun's B. Mark Twain C. Charles Dickens D. Bill Gates
1、 提高题
1．Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.
A. person, life ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. people, lives C. peoples, lives D. persons, life
2．One of the family on the bed.
A. photos is B. photoes are C. photos are D. photoes is
3．There are s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome foreigners talking in the room. They are two ,three and two .
A. Japanese; En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glishmen; Germans B. Japanese; Englishman, German
C. Japaneses; Englishm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en, Germans D. Japanese, Englishmen, Germen
4．The sign “BUSINESS HOURS” can be seen in a .
A. shop B. school C. park D. museum
5． mother made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Anne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. Peter's and Anne's C. Peter's and Anne D. Peter and Anne's
6．-Please he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lp me move the table in. -But there is not enough for it.
A. place B. floor C. room D. ground
7．These _________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
8．Yesterday Xiao M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in bought a new pair of .It is made of .
A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C. glasses; glasses D. glass; glasses
9．-How does Mr Smith ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) go to his office -Every morning he takes a to his office.
A.20 minutes walk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B.20 minute's walk C.20 minute walk D.20 minutes' walk
10． I went to the shop to buy a dictionary. A. book B. books C. book's D. books'
11．-Do you thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k selling vegetables -Yes, but my mother likes it very much.
A. is a hard work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. are hard work C. is hard work D. is hard job
12．You should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )take more _______. Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your_______. 　
A. exercise， exercise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　 B. exercises， exercises　C. exercises， exercise　 D. exercise， exercises
13．She was born in Wu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han，but Beijing has become her second_______ . 　
A. home B. family　　 C. house D. country
14．_____ day we’re hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing today! A. What a fine B. How fine C. What fine a D. What fine
15．What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______
A. two-months h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oliday B. two months’ holidays C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holiday
16．一Where is David 一Oh, he is reading___ under the tall tree in the garden．
A．several pap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers B．several paper C．a piece of paper D．a paper
17．一The Inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )net is so convenient that we can get all ________we wanted.
—That’s right. It is very helpful in our lives now.
A．the information ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B．an information C．the informations D．information
18．--- What about Mr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )．Black’s speech --- Wonderful! There were ____ people there．
A. a large number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of B．much C.a great deal of D. lots
中考衔接：
( )1. At the e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd of the volleyball match, our school __won by 3:1. ( 沈阳)
　 A. members B. group C. team D. fans
( )2. Jack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is interested in reading very much, so his parents often take him to the ________. (太原)
　 A. library B. concert C. cinema
( )3. Yao Min ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite ________. （重庆）
　 A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
( )4. Can you imagine what life will be like in _____ time （河北）
A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-years
( )5. —Bill is ill. Do you know what’s wrong with him
　 —Poor boy. H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is illness is the ________ of eating unhealthy food.（武汉）
　 A. result B. cause C. reason D. end
( )6. —Hurry up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), Jack! 　　—Just give me five minutes to put my desk in ___.（武汉）
　　 A. time B. line C. order D. shape
( )7. Betty li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kes _____very much. She draws pictures every day.（北京）
　　 A. art B. music C. sport D. science
( )8. Hey! If y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou want to find out about new cartoons, have a look at this ________. It’s great.（ 天津）
　　 A. time B. website C. photo D. rock
( )9. When I h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no ___ left on that plane.（ 河南）
　　 A. places B. seats C. space D. room
( )10. Br ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itish people eat ________ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways. （ 山东）
　　 A. chicken B. beef C. fish D. potatoes
( )11. Of all the vegetables, I like ________ best.（ 吉林）
　　 A. potatoes B. eggs C. milk D. apples
( )12. —I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )want to buy the book Cold Mountain. Do you know its _ （绍兴）
　　 —I’m not clearly. May be fifty yuan. ( 厦门)
A. cover B. size C. color D. price
( )13. —I pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n to go out for a trip, but I’m afraid I don’t know the _. —A map is helpful, I think. ( 厦门)
　　 A. price B. way C. time D. direction
( )14. The mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic made me think of the _____of a running stream.（安徽）
　 A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
( )15. As there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) were not enough chairs in the park, they had to sit on the ________. （杭州）
　 A. ground B. earth C. land D. field
16.Loud noise may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cause hearing for a short time or even forever.（泰安）
A. results B. questions B. accidents D. problems
17.—Taking a walk i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the evening is a good . ---So it is. It keeps us healthy.(09泰安)
A.habit B. hobby C. rule D. favor
18.---Lucy, do y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou like ---Yes. Most of my clothes are . （泰安）
an orange, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n orange B. oranges , oranges C,orange, orange D. orange , an orange
19.I have a．___ for breakfast everyday.（莱芜）
A．hot dog B．cookie C．dumpling D．hamburger
20. Please pick up the _____. Don’t keep it on the floor.（菏泽）
A. water B. paper C. books D. bottles
21. Did you have a lot of ______in the park yesterday （泰安）
A. funs B. fun C. interests D. funny
22.—Mr. Smith always has _____ to tell us. —So he does. （青岛）
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news
23.---Would you like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) some ----- Yes, a little ,please. （泰安）
A.apple B. banana C.orange D. milk
24. You can get much ______ about the famous singer on the Internet.
A. ticket B. map C. information D. picture