2015年中考英语二轮复习学案：11 情态动词和动词短语

中考专项复习——情态动词和动词短语
一． 考点分析
初中阶段必须掌握的情态动词
can, may, must, need ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), had better, shall, will, should, would, could, might, used to ，have to
考点一： can, could 的用法
1. 表示能力，意为“能”，“会”。
（.北京）- you speak Japanese
-No, I can’t.
A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should
解析：答案为 A。考查can 的用法，表示“能”“会”。做此题要从答语入手，用can来回答，应用can提问。
（.武汉）-Have you seen my glasses I find them.
-Sorry. I haven’t seen them.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t
解析：答案为A。 考查can表示“能”用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据句意，应为“我不能找到眼镜了。”B为“不该”C为助动词，D为“禁止”，A为“不能”，故选A。
2. 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句、疑问句中。常见于can’t be考查，can’t意为“不可能”。
（.长沙）-Is Lucy knocking at the door
-No,.It be Lucy.She is in Japan now.
A. needn’t B. must C. can’t
解析：答案为C。考查can 表示推测。由暗 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示语No和She is in Japan .判断“一定不是Lucy”，needn’t表示“不必”，不表示推测，must表示肯定推测时，意为“一定”，与题意不符。can’t表示“不可能”，符合题意‘
3. 以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用 can和 can’t。Could 提问，多用can回答。
-Could I … 我可以…吗？ -Of course you can.当然可以。
（.陕西）-Could I borrow your dictionary
-Of course you .
A. can B. must C. should D. will
4． 表示请求，允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may.
解析：此题考查could的语法特征，could提问，多用can回答,表示“可以”。
考点二：may的用法
1. 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。
（.山西）John, yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u needn’t do your work today, you do it tomorrow if you’re tired.
A. must B. may C. can’t
解析：答案为B。 锁定语境，由暗示词n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eedn’t do … today.看出不必今天去做。根据tomorrow得知可以明天做。may意为“可以”。must为“必须”，语气太强硬。can’t为“不能”，与题意不符。
2.表示推测，意为“可能”，“也许”，用语肯定句中。
（.安徽）-Is Mr.Brown driving here
-I’m not sure. He come by train.
A. may B. shall C. need D. must
解析：答案为A。 从暗示语I’m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not sure.判断说话人语气没有把握，must意为“一定”，有把握，need为“需要”,与题意不符。故选may表示推测“可能”，“也许”。
3．表示请求时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，其否定回答用“mustn’t”，不用“may not”，意为“不许，禁止”。
考点三：must的用法
1.表示责任、义务或一种强制性规定。意为“必须” ，“应该”。否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，“不许”。
（.长春）-Mum, can I go to the movies today
-Sure,but you finish your school work first.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. needn’t
解析：答案为C。根据暗示词but， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first看出说话人语气强硬，“必须。”can 意为“可以”，语气不够强硬，can’t“不能,”needn’t为“没有必要”，与题意不符。
2. 表示推测，用于肯定句中。意为“一定”，可能性大。多见于must be…的考查。
（.河南）-Our class won the English speaking contest.
-Congratulations! You be very proud of it.
A. can B. need C. would D. must
解析：答案为D。根据句意，“我们班赢得英语比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )赛”得知，一定很“自豪”(proud)，must “一定”，表示推测的可能性大。can be语气硬些。need为“需要”，would为委婉询问，不用于推测。所以选D。
3. 以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用needn’t表示“不需要，”，“不必”，相当于don’t have to。
-Must I … 我必须…吗？
-No, you needn’t / don’t have to.不，不必。
-Yes, you must. 是的，必须。
（.上海）-Must I return the magazine yo you rught now, Sandy
-No, you .You may keep it until next Wednesday.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. must D. may
解析：答案为A。考查must 的否定回答为needn’t。
考点四：had better的用法
1.表建议，意为“最好做某事”。had better (not) + 动词原形
（.河南）It seems ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that it is going to rain.You’d better the winows open when you leave the house.
A. not leave B. leave C. not to leave D. to leave
解析：答案为A。首先根据had better do这一语法特征排除C，D。根据语境“要下雨了，”应不让窗户开着。所以用否定结构。
考点五：shall,should的用法
1.shall用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。多见于Let’s…反义疑问句shall we 的考查。
（.西宁）-It’s a lovely day today.Let’s go and have a picnic,
A. will you B. shall we C. aren’t you D. don’t we
解析：答案为B。根据Let’s 的反义疑问句为shall we 的语法特征得知。
2. should表示责任、义务。意为“应该”。
（.安徽）School ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) allow students at least one hour a day for sports.
A. would B. might C. should D. could
解析：答案为C。考查表示“应该”的用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。A表“请求”，B为“可能”D 为“能够”。根据句意“学校应该允许学生每天运动一小时”，所以选择should.A、B、D三项没有此意。
考点六：will,would的用法
1.祈使句的肯定回答用will。否定回答用won’t。
（.河北）-Please bring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your homework to school tomerrow,Steven. -OK, I .
A. will B. won’t C. do D. don’t
解析：答案为A。 考查祈使句的肯定回答用will这一语法特征。
2．would用来委婉询问。常考句型为Would you like to…的肯定及否定回答。
（.重庆）-Ben, would you like to play football with us
- , but I have to wash the dishes first.
A. No, I can’t. B. I don’t want to.
C. Yes, please. D. I’d love to.
解析：答案为D。由暗示词but和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have to看出Ben很想去踢足球，所以应为肯定回答。Would you like to…询问动作时的肯定回答为I’d like/love to。询问名词时的肯定回答多为Yes, please.
考点七：情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+ be +过去分词 （多考查can, must should的被动语态）
（.厦门）Attentions,plea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se! All the mobile phones must before the meeting starts.
A. turn off B. be turned off C. be turning off
解析：答案为B。 由主语mobile ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) phones与动词turn off的关系应为被动关系，手机被关掉，故排除A，表主动。根据情态动词被动语态的结构 must+be+过去分词，应选B。
考点八：used to 的用法
1. 强调和现在的对比，“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了。”之意。句中常有but now 表示现在的情况。
（.南通）Mrs Green go to hospital, but now she is in good health.
A. has to B. needs to C. used to D. ought to
解析：答案为C。 由暗示词ago和bu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t now看出强调过去和现在的对比，过去常去医院，现在身体很好（暗含之意“现在不去了”）。A 意为“不得不”，B为“需要”D意为“应该”，不符合句意。
考点九：need的用法
词性的判断为难点，need t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o do此时need为实义动词。否定形式为dong’t/didn’t need to do。Need do时 need为情态动词，否定形式为need’t do。而need doing表示被动。
二．考点聚焦
词年份 can must may 被动语态 had better would 回答 could willshall have to usedto need
. 35 35 2.5 10 2．5 7.5 0 5 2.5 0 0
. 24 30 17 0 0 4 4 7 0 7 7
由表格可以知中考对情态动词的考查都有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )涉及，但是集中于can,must,may等词用法上，尤其是can,must,may表示推测和可能性的用法。而且可以看出考查越来越侧重于根据语境,尤其是暗示词和暗示语，判断说话人语气、态度，从而选择恰当情态动词。
三．易混点点拨：
1．can 和be able to
can 只有现在时和过去时(could)。
be able to有现在时、过去时和将来时。
2．can’t和may not
can’t语气肯定，表示“不可能”。
may not语气不肯定，表示“可能不”。
3．must和have to
must表示主观看法。意为“必须，应该”。
have to强调客观需要，意为“不得不”。
4．Can’t和mustn’t
can’t“不可能”，表示推测。
mustn’t“禁止，不许”，不表示推测。
动词短语
动词短语一直是中考英语试题中的重点考查对象 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。该考点常以单项选择、完形填空、完成句子等题型作为载体，主要针对部分常用动词短语的用法进行考查。解答这类试题要认真分析句式结构、推敲句意，从所给的四个选项中选出符合句意的动词短语。
一、动词短考查形式
考查动词短语时，常以“形似”或“意似”的短语作为选项。在安排这四个选项时，常采用以下形式：
（一）动词相同，但副词或介词不同
这类试题的四个选项都是由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同一个动词加不同的副词或介词构成A .give up B. give outC. give away D. give off.
中考链接:
1.---So many problems! I’m tired!
---You should try t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o _______them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.
A. get into B. get off C. get on D. get over
2.---Did you hear a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) terrible fire happened in the hotel near our school last night
---Yes, it took the firemen an hour to _______the fire.
A. put out B. put down C. put on D. put off
3.Thanks for your in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vitation, but I’m sorry I can’t go. I need to _______my baby at home.
A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of
4.I used to quarrel a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lot with my parents, but now we __________just fine together.
A. get along B. get up C. get away D .get off
5.---The fire was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )finally _____in Jilin Province on June 3. Unfortunately, 119 people lost their lives.
---I hope the accident like this won’t happen again.
A. put down B. put away C. put out D. put up
（二）副词或介词相同，但动词不同
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的副词或介词构成，
例如:A. drop out B. come out C. leave out。
A. contribute to B. relate to C. attend to D. devote to这种形式在试题中特别常见。
中考链接：
1. This morning I _______some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.
A. picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up
2.---What’s wrong with you, Eric You look tired.
---I ______to prepare for the final exam last night.
A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. put up
3.President Xi Ji ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nping calls on Chinese people to _______all the food each meal.
A. eat up B. use up C. pick up D. cut up
4.---When are you going to ______for Shanghai
---Tomorrow morning.
A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off
5.His leg is serio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )usly injured in the accident. ________a doctor at once.
A. Ask for B. Send for C. Wait for D. Look for
6.---Why do you collect so many old bikes
---I’ll have them _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______and give away to the children who don’t have bikes.
A. used up B. given up C. fixed up D. set up
7._______a lig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht when necessary. You will bring light to other people and yourself.
A. Try on B. Get on C. Turn on D. Put on
8.It seems th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the aged people ______the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.
A. pick up B. mix up C. set up D. use up
（三）动词、副词或介词均不相同
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词和不同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的副词或介词构成的动词短，例如:A. give out B. take in C. show off D. carry on。这种形式在试题中也特别常见。
中考链接：
1. Be sure to _______your names before you hand in your papers.
A. write down B. look up C. turn down D. send up
2. Many teenagers _________the old and they often offer their seats to the old on buses.
A. agree with B. worry about C .laugh at D. care for
3.Andrea Bocelli never _______,which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes awayB. gives away C. gets up D. gives up
4.Many students in our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) school ________the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.
A. worry aboutB. care for C. agree with D. take care
5.Tom, it’s cold outside. ________your coat when you go out.
A. Take of B. Put on C. Put away D. Take away
6.The great wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iter has written many storied for children. It is said that a new one will _________at the end of this month.
A. go out B. come out C. look out D. run out
7.If you want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) buy this dress, you’d better _______first to make sure it fits you.
A. pay for it B. take if off C. tidy it up D. try it on
二、动词短语用法归纳
初中阶段我们学习了100多个动词短语，它们多为“及物型”和“不及物型”，其中绝大多数为“及物型”。属“不及物型”的仅有以下这些：
run away跑走；pass awa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y去世；come back回来；come down下来；come in进来；give in屈服；go down下去；go off（铃）响；set off动身；move on向前移动；walk on往前走；break out爆发；come out出来、出版；cry out叫喊；die out灭绝；go out出去；look out当心；come up上来；get up起床；grow up长大；stay up熬夜；take place发生
有少数动词短语，在表达不同的意思时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用法并不相同。例如：take off表示“脱下”时属及物用法，但表示“起飞”时属不及物用法。再例如：look up表示“查找”时属及物用法，但表示“向上看”时属不及物用法。
中考英语试题中，经常以“辨别用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主动形式还是被动形式”和“辨别词义”这两种形式考查动词短语的用法，其中以“辨别词义”作为主要考查形式。请看几例“辨别用主动形式还是被动形式”的试题及其解析：
1.Their happin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess only lasted for a while, for the war _______soon after they got married.
A. break outB. was broken outC. is broken out D.broke out
本题涉及break out的表达形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式，该短语的意思是“爆发、发生”。汉语中我们可以说“爆发战争”或“战争爆发”，但英语中只能说the war broke out（战争爆发），换句话说，break out表示“爆发、发生”时不可用被动形式。本题正确答案是D项。句意是：他们的幸福是短暂的，因为他们婚后不久就爆发了战争。
中考链接
1. Jane left her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )keys in the office yesterday,so she_________ wait for her husband.
A. must B. had to C. have to D. has to
2. -Will you stay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for supper --sorry,I_________My sister is coming to see me.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. won't
3. -May I take the football home,Tom -Sorry,You_________ .
A. don't B. can't C. didn't D. aren't
4. -Is the girl in red skirt your sister -It_________ her.
A. maybe B. may be C. would be D. need be
5.一"Can you sing the song in English ” -"No,I_________ .
A. may not B. mustn't C. needn't D. can't
6. -Can he go home now
一_________He has something important to do at school.
A. Yes，he can B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Of course,he can C. Ask him to decide D. No,he can't
7. He_________be in his office. I saw him in the street just now.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shoOsln't
8."_________ you speak Japanese？""No,I can't."
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
9. -Must I return the book this morning
-No,you_________ .But you _________ return it before supper.
A. needn't,must B. mustn't,can C. mustn't,may D. can't,need
10. Nobody_________ do it. Let me_________ ．
A. can,try B. can't,to try C. can,to try D. can't,trying
11．"Must I finish my homework now ""No,you_________ .''
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
12. Please be quiet .You_________talk loudly in the library.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. need D. must
13. When the ligh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts are green,the traffic_________ go and you_________ wait.
A. can't,mustn't B. can,must C. can't,must D. can,mustn't
14. "You mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t be here at six tomorrow morning." "Sorry. I___ be here so early."
A. need B. must C. may D. can't
15."_________you like some bananas to eat ""Yes,please."
A. Would B. Will C. Could D. Can
16._________you answer the telephone,please？
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Could
17. "Can you answer this question in English " "No,I_________ ."
A. needn't B. may not C. can't D. mustn't
18. Don't be late ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). You _____ be there on time. A. must B. can C. may D. needn't
19."_________ I borrow your dictionary " "Certainly,here you are ."
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should
20."_________I sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eak to Ann.""Speaking." A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
21．_________I take a message for you A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Would
22. We_________catch up with you. Please speak a little more slowly.
A. can B. can't C. may not D. must
23. -I _________ see t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he words on the blackboard. -_________you write a bit clear
A. mustn't,Can B. don't,win C. can't,Can D. needn't,Could
24. It's a sunny day today. You_________take a raincoat with you.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
25. Excuse me,_________I ask you a question A. Will B. do C. may D. would
26. There's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a football match. Please _______ the TV at once. Let's watch together.
A. turn on B. take off C. turn off D. go on
27. The kite is flying high in the sky. It_________a bird.
A. looks at B. looks like C. looks for D. looks after
28. When he heard the bell,he _________ the door.
A. hurried off to open B. hurried up to open
C. hurried off opening D. hurried up opening
29. -It's very cold outside. -Oh,yes,you'd better_________your coat.
A. put on B. put away C. put back D. put up
30. Liu Mei helped the Turners_________their tickets on the train.
A. pick B. look up C. pick up D. look like
31.Please_________as soon as you get there.
A. ring me up B. ring up me C. wake me up D. wake up me
32. Suddenly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one of the bags_______the truck and landed in the middle of the road.
A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D. will be
33. -Excuse me. Where's the Science Museum
-Take No.3 bus and_________at the fourth stop.
A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to
34. -Your coat loo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ks nice. Is it______ cotton -Yes. It's_____ Shanghai.
A. made of, made by B. made of, made in
C. made for,made by D. made for,made in
35._________your help,we finish the work on time.
A. Thanks B. Thanks of C. Thank for D. Thanks to
36. _______ the Gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at Green Wall,the rich farmland in the south has been saved.
A. Thanks for B. Thanks to C. Because D. Since
37. David's always t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he winner of the race,but this time he______ others.
A. fell behind B. fell down C. fell over D. fell off
38. The boy_________the tree and hurt himself.
A. fall off B. fall from C. fell off D. fallen from
39. Could you_________,please？It's too loud.
A. turn down the radio B. turn on the radio
C. turn on the TV D. turn it on
40. Would you pleas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e_________the radio I can hardly hear the radio.
A. to turn up B. to turn down C. turn up D. turn down
41．There is something on the floor. Please
A. pick up it B. pick up them C. pick it up D. pick them