2015年中考英语二轮复习学案：13 状语从句

透析中考英语语法状语从句考点
【状语从句命题】用一个句子(从句)来作另 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个句子(主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。
考查时间状语从句。
考查原因状语从句
考查地点状语从句。
考查结果状语从句
考查条件状语从句。
考查让步状语从句。
考查伴随状语从句。
考查方式状语从句
【考点诠释】
一、时间状语从句
在时间状语从句中，通常要用动词的一般现在时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )态表示将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有： when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。
考查when, while, as引导，表示“当……时候”.
【考例】一Mum，____shall we have lunch
——We will have it when your dad__________. [连云港市]
A when；returns B where returns C．where；will return D．when；will return
2. before 的用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：before的本意为“在……之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……，趁着还没……就……，不知不觉就……，……才……”等。如：
【考例】Could you pleas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e give me your e-mail address _________you go [昆明市]
A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until
2．until 和till 的用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：与肯定式的主句连用，主句谓语必须是延续性动词，till/ until表示“……直到……”；与否定式的主句连用，且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时，till/ until表示“直到……才……”。其强调句型为“not…until” ，位于句首时要采用倒装形式。如：
【考例】一Hurry up．The bus is coming．
——Oh。no．We mustn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t cross the street ____the traffic lights are green．[福州市]
A． after B since C while D．until
The kids didn't start ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to fly kites in the playground _________the rain stopped. [成都市]
A. if B. until C. whenever
--Look! Here comes our school bus.
--No hurry. Don't get on it _________it has stopped. [安徽省]
A. until B. after C. since D. when
三、对条件状语从句的考查
引导条件状语从句的从属连词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有if ,unless(=if …not如果不……，除非)，as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要)，supposing(that),provided/providing(that),in case(假使)，on condition that(在……的条件下)等。如：
【考例】__you go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to bed earlier, you won't feel tired in the mornings．[沈阳市]
A． Unless B Because C．If D．When
You won't pass your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) exams ___________ you work harder. [广东省]
A. when B. if C. unless D. after
四、对让步状语从句的考查
用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )though，although，even if／though， while(虽然、尽管)，for a11(that)(尽管)whether．．．or(不论／不管……还是……))以及“疑问词+ever（whatever，wherever，whoever，however，）”和 “no matter +疑问词”等。
【考例】—Shall we go on working
—Yes , I prefer to have a rest . （江西省南昌）
A．when B．if C．because D．though
Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (四川)
A．and B．though C．or
五、 对目的状语从句的考查：
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that , in order that (为了，以便)；in case(以防，以免)从句中一般含有can , could, may,might ,will, would等情态动词。如：
【考例】一More and more p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople in Beijing are learning English _______they can better serve the 0lympic Games．
一I'm sure they will．[宜昌市]
A．because of B so that C．even though D．as if
六、对结果状语从句的考查
【考例】The camera is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) expensive I can’t afford it. (辽宁本溪)
A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that
【语法回顾】
状语从句的分类。
1. 时间状语从句用法要点。
（1）as、when、while用法一览表。
类别 作 用 例 句
as as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
when (at or during t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
while while意思是“当……的时候”或“在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。 Please don’t talk so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具体用法如下：
1. when 意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如：
I feel very happy when you come to see me.
When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.
when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用瞬间性动词。例如：
He was working at the table when I went in.
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.
注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。
I was fishing by th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e river , when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。
2. before 意为“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如：
We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.
He had been a cook before he went to college .
after 意为“在……之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：
After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.
注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.
3. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。例如：
We have made many du ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mplings since we began to cook. We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句 译为：自从……有多长时间了。例如：
It is six years since ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。
4. until 意为“直到……时” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式, not... until... 意为“直到……才……”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如：
I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)
He didn't go to bed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如：
I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
6. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与……同时，在……期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如：
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。
Father was cleaning ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。
注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。 例如：
I like listening ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。
7. till和until引导的时间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语从句，译为“直到……为止”，not … till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。例如：
I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。
We won't start our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。
2. 条件状语从句用法要点。
我们主要看一下由if引导的条 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如：
If it doesn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。
If I get there early, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。
3. 地点状语从句用法要点。常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）例如：
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。
4. 原因状语从句用法要点。
　　常用的引导连词有because, as和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )since。三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.
Why did you go I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。
He was angry not becau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。
As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。
Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。
5. 目的状语从句用法要点。
　　常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。例如：
Please speak m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。
I shall write do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。
I sent the letter by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。
注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg.
We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。
三：主句与从句时态一致的问题。
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：
1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：
Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。
The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。
2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：
She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。
【中考真题】
1．I was drawing a horse ____the teacher came in.
A. while B. as C. when D. the moment
2．Some passengers w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere walking through one of the big halls at Paris' Charles De Gaulle Airport __ the whole roof(屋顶)fell down.
A. while B. as soon as C. when D. after
3．You will stay h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ealthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.
A. if B. how C. before D. where
4．---Shall we go on working
---Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest.
A. when B. if C. because D. though
5．None of us kne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w what had happened _________ they told us about it.
A. when B. until C. after D. though
6．---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!
---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there.
A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till
7．The camera is expensive I can’t afford it.
A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that
8．I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try.
even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since
9．—Shall we go on working
—Yes , I prefer to have a rest .
A．when B．if C．because D．though
10．Edison never gave up, he failed many times.
A．and B．though C．or
11．The policeman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asked the child cross the street the traffic lights turned green.
A．not; when B．don’t; before C．not to; until
12．---It’s time to go to bed ,Li Ming.
---Mum, I have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lot of homework to do ,I won’t go to bed I finish it
A .after B.until C.as soon as D .since
13．You should make a good plan ______ you do anything important.
A. before B. after C. though D. until
14．________ they ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e brothers, they don’t look like each other at all. 　　
A. Because　　　 B. Though　　　　C. When　　　　 D. As
15。I enjoy learning English, ____ it takes me a lot of time.
A. as if　　　　　　B. though　　　　　　 C. because　　　　D. for
16. It will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be hard for us to get up in the morning if we ____to bed
too late．
A．go B. went C. will go D. have gone
17. If farmers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) trees and forests, giant pandas nowhere to live.
A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will have
C. will cut don; have D. cut down; will have
18. When you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ at a restaurant , please order just enough food .
A. ate B. will eat C. eat D. haven eaten
19. Henry will give us a report as soon as he_ .
A. arrives ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive
20.—What are you doing tomorrow, Jane
—I’ll go bike riding if it ______. I like riding on rainy days.
A. doesn’t r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ain B. is cloudy C. is snowy D. rains
21. If Nancy_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study.
A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass
22. Amy was reading a book I came in.
A. when B. while C. because D. though
23. Linda was just going out for shopping______ the telephone rang.
A, while B. when C. after D. because
24. I’ll go to visit m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y aunt in England _____ the summer holidays start..
A. while B. since. C. until D. as soon as
25一Mom，I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow．
一That’S nice．You’d better ring me up＿＿＿you get there．
A．until B．as soon as C．because
26. If the weather ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____fine, we ____ have a sports meeting this weekend.
A. will be, will B. is, will C. was, would
27. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we _____ swimming.
A. go B. will go C. went
28. _____ he was exercising at the park yesterday morning, he found a purse under
the tree.
A. While B. Before C. Though
29.You will be late for school _______you don’t get up early.
A. but B. if C. and D. Or
30. It will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be hard for us to get up in the morning if we________ to bed too late.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
31. We’re going camping if it ______ rain tomorrow.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. won’t
32.We’re talking a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout “China Dream” these days. It’s _____attractive______ all
of the Chinese people are interested in it.
A. such; that B. so; that C. too; to
33. Li Wei is ______ young that he can’t go with us.
A. such B. so c. too
34. He is ______ a cute baby _______ we all like him.
A. so ,that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. such , that C. very, that D. so , because
35. He was tired he could not go on walking.
A．too,to B．such，that C．so，that
36. Li Na is famous all the tennis fans in China know her.
A. too; to B. enough; to C. as; as D. so; that
37. He dressed _______quickly _______ he put his shoes on the wrong feet.
A. so… as B. such…. That C. so….that