2015年中考英语二轮复习学案：15 简单句

中考专项复习-----简单句
【简单句命题】
其考查重点为：
简单句的反意疑问句
复合句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句
【考点】
一、对疑问句的考查
一___________do you usually fly kites
一In the park．[北京市]
A Why B．How C When D．Where
[答案]D。[解析]考查疑问副词。回答：“在公园”可知上句一定是“你通常在哪里放风筝 ”park表地方，故选D。
1、---The blue jacket looks nice on you. _________is it
---It's 50 dollars. [吉林省]
A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often
2、---________
---He is tall. [陕西省]
A. How is he B. What does he like C. What is he D. What does he look like
3、–Sandy ,_________are you going for vacation
--To Hainan Island. I prefer lying on the beach. [太原市]
A. where B. when C. what
4、-- ________will your Dad be back from Dalian
--In a week, I think.[吉林省]
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
5、--______ are you talking about
-- The Olympic Games in Beijing.
A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where (杭州)
对反意疑问句的考查
【考例】The air is fresh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )outside. Let's go and take a walk, _________ [昆明市]
A. will you B. shall we C. don't you D. aren't you
[答案]B。[解析] 这是一个let's引导的祈使句，表示建议，这样的句子在构成反意疑问句时，在句末加shall we，所以B项正确。
1、There is some water in that bottle, isn't ________ [兰州市]
A. there B. it C. that
2、——Few well-known singers came to the concert，did they
一__________.Such as Andy Lau，Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang．[黄冈市]
A． No，they di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dn't B．Yes，they did C No，they did D．Yes，they didn't
二、对祈使句的考查
祈使句是简单句中的一种类型，通常用来表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气，在口语中十分常用。祈使句的用法是近几年来各类中考试卷中常考的热点。现结合高考题，对几种考点作以归纳。
--_________kind girl Nancy is!
--Yes, she is always ready to help others. [南京市]
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
[答案]B。[解析]考查感叹句。感叹句用how和what引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词和动词。
1.---It's reporte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that the 29th Olympic torch(奥运火炬)is going to travel to 135 cities around the world.
---__ exciting th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e news is! And it will arrive at the opening ceremony (开幕式)on August 8th,2008. [哈尔滨市] A. What B. How C. What an
2. ________tall the boy is! He can play volleyball very well[长沙市]
A. How B. What a C. What
3. --I hear that an old couple are traveling around China by bike.
--Oh, ___________ long ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) way on their bicycles! They are so great. [河南省]
A. what a B. how C. what D. how a
4．一一____terrible weather it is!
——The radio says that it'll get ____later in the day|[扬州市]
A．What a；bad B What；worse C．HOW；bad D．How a：worse
【语法回顾】
简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。
陈述句
用以肯定或否定一件事情或看法的叙述性句子叫陈述句。句末用句号，读时用降调。
1、陈述句肯定式的正常语序是主语位于谓语前。例如：
We'll meet again tomorrow .
2、陈述句否定式的结构
（1）在连系动词 be，实义动词 have，助动词或情态动词后加not，never......等否定词构成否定式。例如：
We mustn't waste any more time.
当谓语动词是 have“有”时，其否定式可以有两种：
Students usua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly have not their P.E. lessons on Monday.学生们通常在星期一没有体育课。
Students don't usually have not their P.E. lessons on Monday.
（2）在行为动词前加 do （does，did）not（句中的行为动词应用原形）构成否定式。例如：
I didn't find Chinese easy at first.
（3）句中若有no，no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne，little，not，nobody，nothing，neither，nor，never，hardly，scarcely等否定意义的词，可构成陈述句的否定式，同时不能再用 not。例如：
I had never seen such a good match before that day!
Many of the country people could neither read nor write.
（4）在 have 作“有”解时的否定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构中，如用 not 则在宾语前常有a （an），any，many，much等词；如用no，则不用这些词而应紧跟名词。have 不作“有”解时，通常按行为动词构成否定式。在美国英语中，have 总是按行为动词构成。例如：
They don't have any meeting in the afternoon.
II. 疑问句
用来提问的句子叫疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句主要有四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1、一般疑问句
1）一般疑问句的构成
陈述句的谓语动词是动词be或have，构成一般疑问句时只须颠倒主语和动词的语序。例如：
She is a nurse. Is she a nurse
He has many friend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Has he many friends / Does he have many friends
陈述句的谓语部分是“助动词 / 情态动词+实义动词”构成一般疑问句时，只将助动词或情态动词移放在主语前面。例如：
The premier has b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een to our school. Has the premier been to our school
陈述句的谓语动词如果是一般实义动词，构成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一般问句时，要用“Do / Does / Did +主语+动词原形”构成这一结构实际上只用于“现在一般时态和过去一般时态中谓语动词为实义动词”的情况。例如：
The students read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English every morning. Do the students read English every morning
2）一般疑问句的回答
一般问句要用升调。一般要求用Yes或N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o来回答；有时，也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词或相应的结构来回答，如：perhaps, certainly, of course, all right, I think so, surely; never, sorry, not yet, certainly not, not at all, I'm afraid not等。例如：
"Do you want to study English " " Yes, I do."
若表示肯定“我想学”，也可以回答：Certainly.或Of course.意为“当然”。
当回答: No, I don' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t.“不，我不想学” 时，还可以回答：Certainly not.（当然不想）或Not at all.（一点儿不想学）
3）一般问句的否定形式
一般问句也有否定形式，肯定回答时用“Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es, +肯定结构”；否定回答时，用“No，+否定结构”。请注意这种语境中Yes和No与汉语的译义逻辑关系。例如：
"Don't you want to stay with me “Yes, I do.（“No, I don't.”）
2、特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是以疑问代词(who, whom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), what, which)、疑问形容词(which, what, whose)或疑问副词(when, where, how, why)开头。特殊疑问句一般用降调。
1）特殊疑问句的构成
如果疑问代词是问句的主语或以“疑问形容词+名词”为问句的主语，这个问句就用正常的陈述句语序。例如：Who is your teacher
疑问句除作问句的主语或主语的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定语以外，其余情况一律用“疑问词+一般疑问句”的语序。例如：Whose is this shirt (Whose shirt is this )这衬衣是谁的？
如果疑问词是介词的宾语这个特殊疑问句就可以有两种情况：To whom did you give the letter
3、选择疑问句
选择疑问句是要求从所提出的两个或多个项目中选择一个答案。朗读时，前面的项目用升调，最后一个项目用降调。选择问句有两种类型：
1）类似一般问句的类型，即“一般问句+or+省略的一般问句”。例如：
"Is it right or wrong " "It's right."
2）类似特殊疑问句的类型，即“特殊疑问句+or+省略的特殊疑问句”。例如：
"Which coffee would you like, black or white "
{注意}上面结构中所说的“省略”均指 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的是问句中相同部分的省略，选项绝对不能省略。如果句中没有重复的部分省略就是不可能的。如下面这个句子就不能写成省略的形式。
Are you a teacher n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow or have you not finished college yet 你现在是教师，或是还没有大学毕业？
选择的项目可以用不同的方式提出，即所表达的意思一样而表达的方式可以不同。例如：
Is it right or wrong (wrong前省略了"is it")
4、 反意疑问句
1、当前面陈述部分的主语是“this，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat”时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；当前面陈述部分的主语是“these，those”时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替；当前面陈述部分是感叹句时，反意疑问句的主语应根据感叹句强调的情况用it、they、he、she等。例如：
This is very important, isn't it
2、当前面陈述部分是“There be......”句型时，反意疑问句仍用there。例如：
There is a radio on the table, isn't there Yes, there is.
3、当前面陈述部分是“I am+表语”时，反意疑问句常用“aren't I”。例如：I'm late, aren't I
4、当不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句等充当前面陈述部分的主语时，反意问句中的主语用it。例如：
What you need is more practice, isn't it
5、当前面陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句，那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主句的谓语所用的形式一致。例如：
You needn't do that when your maid is here, need you
6、当前面陈述部分是everything， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anything，something，nothing等不定代词时，反意问句的主语一般用it。例如：Everything is all right, isn't it
7、当前面陈述部分是由“I'm su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re that； I'm afraid that； we are sure that；We are afraid that； I feel sure that； We feel sure that”构成时，反意疑问句与主要信息的宾语从句相一致。例如：
I'm sure you'll help her, won't you 我确信你会帮助她，不是吗？
8、当前面陈述部分中含有否定意义的前缀 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和否定意义的后缀的单词时（hopeless，careless，unfit，dislike，irregular，impossible，disagree，unsuccessful，incomplete，inactive，inexact，dishonest，unhealthy，unhelpful，uninterested，unpleasant等），反意疑问句用否定形式。例如：
He is unfit for his office, isn't he
9、当前面陈述部分句首的前面有so，oh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，句子所带有的感彩更加明显，反意疑问句与前面主句谓语一致。在语法上这种情况应叫修饰性疑问句，其语调从头至尾应是降调。例如：
So you are getting married, are you
10、当前面陈述部分的主语是缩写的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'d时，应视情况判断其缩写是would，could，had还是should。有's时，具体判断是is还是has的缩写。例如：You'd like some coffee, wouldn't you
11、注意判断陈述部分的主语是单数还 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是复数，反意疑问句从人称和数上应与陈述部分主语相一致。例如：None of the food was wasted, was it
12、当前面陈述部分中含有must表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示推测时，应根据时态和时间确定其反意疑问句的形式，其后的反意疑问句中不能重复must。对现在的肯定推测用be与主语相一致；对过去的肯定推测用have与主语相一致；对过去的肯定推测中含有明确的时间状语时，常用did。例如：
You must be tired, aren't you
13、陈述部分以第一人称主语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I / We+ don't think（expect， believe， guess， imagine， suppose） + that 从句时，反意问句与从句相一致，用肯定式，因否定已前移。否则，主句是由其他人称作主语时，仍与主句相一致。例如：
I suppose you know the meaning of this word, don't you
14、当前面陈述部分是I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wish to do......时，反意疑问句用may I；当前面陈述部分是Neither you nor I am a doctor时，反意疑问句用are we；当前面陈述部分是Let us do......时，反意疑问句用will you或won't you；当前面陈述部分是let's do ......时，反意疑问句用shall we；当前面主句是否定祈使句时，用will you；当陈述部分以Let's not开头时，其后的反意疑问句用ok或all right；以Let them （him，the boy， her......)开头时，反意疑问句用will you。
例如：
Let's have a rest, shall we 咱们休息一会儿，好吗？
Let us have a look at it, will you 让我们看一看它，行吗？
I wish to go home now, may I 我想现在回家，行吗？
15、当前面陈述部分中含有little, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )few, hardly, seldom, never, none, nothing, no, scarcely时，反意问句用肯定形式。
He seldom writes to you, does he
16、当前面陈述部分中的谓语是used to时，反意疑问句常用usedn't或didn't，有时也可见到用usedn't。例如：
He used to live in London, use(d)n't he / didn't he
17、当前面陈述部分中的谓语动词是have当 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“有”讲时，反意疑问句中可用have或其他助动词与主语相一致。当have不当“有”讲时，只能用其他助动词与主语相一致。
She has a brother, hasn't (doesn't) she
18、由于情态动词must具有推测性和非推 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )测性，指客观情况的是非推测性用法而指说话人的主观看法是推测性用法。当前面陈述部分的must是非推测性用法时，反意疑问句分别用mustn't或needn't相对应。
1）当must表示“必须”时，其后的反意疑问句用mustn't。
We must work hard， mustn't we
2）当must表示“必要”时，其后的反意疑问句用needn't。
We must learn from her, needn't we
3）当must表示“禁止”时，其后的反意疑问句用must或 may 。
I mustn't tell it to him, must (may) I
4）当must表示“询问”时，其后的反意疑问句用will。
You must come to see us, will you
19、当前面陈述部分主语是e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )veryone，everybody，anybody，anyone，someone，somebody，no one， nobody， each， one等不定代词时，反意问句的主语用they，也可用he。
Everybody knows the answer, don't they
III、 祈使句
英语句子按其使用目的来分类可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类型。祈使句作为这四大类型之一，有其特有的用法和表达形式。
一、祈使句的用法
1、祈使句又叫命令句，通常被用于表示命令、请求或禁止的语气。例如：
Speak a little more slowly, please!
2、此外，祈使句可用于表示邀请、建议、指路等。例如：
Have another moon cake, please.
3、祈使句也可用来表条件，常用于“祈使句+and / or +陈述句”句型中。例如：
Take more exercise and you'll feel healthy.
二、祈使句的表达形式
1、以原形动词引起祈使句。这类句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子是以原形动词开头，它的主语通常是第二人称（you），习惯上常省去，具体说来又可分为“do 型”和“be 型”两种结构。例如：
（1）“do 型”，即“行为动词原形+宾语（+其它成分）”构成。例如：Look after them, please.
（2）“be 型”即由“Be+表语（+其它成分）”构成。例如：Be quiet, boys and girls.
以上结构的祈使句构成否定时，常以don't置于句首构成，即：
（1）“Don't +行为动词原形+（其它成分）”。例如：Don't worry, I can help you.
（2）“Don't +be+表语（+其它成分）”。例如：Don't be late for school next time.
2、含有let的祈使句可分为两种类型。一种是“Let+名词/代词+动词原形”结构。例如：
Let me help you.
这种句型从类型上分，完全属于“do 型”祈使句。它的否定式也是在let前加don't。例如：
Don't let him in.别让他进来。Don't let the boy climb the tree.别让那个男孩爬树。
还有一种let构成的祈使句是以let's开 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )头的，它是一种特殊形式的祈使句，它并不是“命令、请求”对方做某事，而是说话者要与对方一起去做某事，常译为“咱们......”。例如：
Let's go to the park with Tom
注意：Let's构成的祈使句的否定形式不是在前面加Don't，而是在Let's后面加not。例如：
Let's not stay here.咱们别在这儿。Let's not go there any more.咱们再别去那儿了。
因此，要注意Let's构成的祈使句并不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是Let us的省略形式，它们属于两种不同形式的祈使句。这在变反意疑问句时也能看得出：“Let's......”构成的祈使句附加部分应为shall we？而“Let us”形式的祈使句的附加部分应为Will you？。例如：Let him come here, will you
3、以No开头的祈使句。这类祈使句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构为“No + V-ing”，它通常用于公共场所禁止、警告的提示语，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：No parking!
4、有时在口语中，为了表达简洁，直接用名词引起一个祈使句。例如：
One moment, please!
5、有的祈使句中出现主语，目的是为了指明向谁提出请求或命令等。例如：
Tom, listen to me.
有时是为了加强语气或表示厌烦、不高兴的情绪。例如：Don't you be late again.
IV、感叹句
感叹句的基本句型
What引导的感叹句, what为形容词, 后接名词。例如：
What+（形容词）复数可数名词/ 不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！
What lovely boys they are! What fine weather it is!
What+不定冠词a（an）+（形容词）单数可数名词+主语+谓语动词！
What a fine day it is!
How引导的感叹句，How为副词，后接形容词或副词。
How+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语动词！
How beautiful the flowers are！
注意：a）“What + a（a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n）+形容词+单数可数名词”这一结构可转换成“How +形容词+不定冠词a（an）+单数可数名词”What a clever boy he is！=How clever a boy he is！
b）How也可以修饰句中的动词—动词保留在原陈述句的谓语位置上。例如：How I used to hate painting！
中考训练题
一、单项选择
1. (泰安)--- _______do you read English newspapers ---I read China Daily every day.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
2.(抚州)John had a short walk after lunch, _______？
A. did he B. didn't he C. had he D. hadn't he
3.(宁波)--- _______do you have an Art Festival in your school --Once a year.
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon
4.(安徽省)If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so _______I.
A. do B. am C. will D. should
5.( 长沙) _______tall the girl is!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
6.(长沙) _______ call me Mimi! It's my cat's name.
A. Not B. Didn't C. Doesn't D. Don't
7.(长沙)They went to the park yesterday,_______
A. don't they B. didn't they C. aren't they D. can't they
8.(福州)---Li Mei us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ually helps others, _______？ ---Yes, she is kind-hearted.
A. does she B. is she C. doesn't she
9.(眉山)There _______an English party in our school tomorrow evening.
A. have B. will have C. is going to have D. will be
10. (济南)--- _______a year does your school have sports meetings --Twice a year.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times
11. (泰州)---I have changed my job. ---_______.
A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have
12. (济南)Mike learns a lot about Internet. And _______.
A. I don't, either B. so do I C. so am I D.I am, too
13. (眉山)Jim never goes to the movies on Saturday, _______？
A. does Jim B. doesn't Jim C. doesn't he D. does he
14. (玉州)You' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve just finished your listening exam,Please get yourself ready for the next part, ____？
A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. are you
15. (眉山)--- _______the weather like last Monday ---It was sunny.
A. How was B. What's C. What was D. How is
16. (潍坊)_______great scientist Qian Xuesen is!
A. How B. Howa C. What D. What a
17. (眉山)--- _______do you visit your grandparents ---Once a month.
A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often
18. (内江)--- ___ do you speak English so well ---Because I practice it with my partner every day.
A. Why B. When C. Who
19. (泉州)---W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e'll go to Qing Yuan Mountain tomorrow. Why _______join us ---That's a good idea.
A. not B. don't C. can't D. didn't
20. (泉州)There is little milk in the glass, _______？
A. is there B. isn't there C. isn't it D. does it
21. (肇庆)The stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts in Class Two played basketball against Class One yesterday,_____
A. did they B. didn't they C. weren't they
22．—You lent me some money a few months ago.
--_____ I don’t remember lending you any money.
A. Did I B. Did you C. Do I D. Do you
23．-- _______ is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station
--About two kilometers.
A. How often B. How far C. How soon D. How long
24．-- Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine
-- ______.
A. Yes, a dictio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nary B. No, a magazine C. A dictionary D. Yes, both
25．-- _____ do you like Chinese food
--Very much.
A. What B. Why C. How D. For what
26．"Tom, afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy, "said Mum.
A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. don' t be
27．__________ is your telephone number
— 865 2738.
A. How B. What C. How many D. How much
28．________ did you like the trip to Hainan？ -It was wonderful.
A. When　　　　B. How　　　　　 C. Where　　　　D. What
29．______ is this machine for
A．How B．Why C．Which D．What
30．—It’s a secret between us. Don’t tell anybody.___________.
A.I do B.I don’t C.I will D.I won’t
31．Be ________, and you will do well in the English exam.
A. careful B. polite C. sure D. friendly
32．--Let's go and play football, ______
-- That's wonderful.
A. will you B. do you C. won't we D. shall we
33．Few people knew how to use the Internet in the past,_____
A. did they B. didn't they C. did he D. didn't he
34． —Why is Tom absent
—He must be sick, _____
A. isn’t he B. must he C. is he D. mustn’t he
35．I don’t th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _____
A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he
36． Most studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts used to listen to their teachers in class and completely obey their teachers, _____
A. used they B. weren’t they C. didn’t they D. did they
37. -- ________terrible weather it is!
--It is said that it will get ________ later.
A. What ; good B. What ; better C. What a ; better
38. _________fine weather it is today!
A. What a B. How C. How a D. What
39．______ long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
40．--- important tool the computer is!
---I think so.
A. What a B. How C. What an D. How an