2015年中考英语二轮复习学案：19 任务型阅读做题技巧

中考英语任务型阅读做题技巧
任务型阅读是在遵循新课程标准的基础上，根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据任务型教学的任务设计而形成的一种新题型，它主要考查学生根据所提供信息具体解决实际问题的能力，同时还注重考查学生的阅读理解、分析理解、逻辑推理及社会生活的综合运用能力。试题仍将体现语言能力、智力能力和社会阅历三方面的有机结合。这种试题能够有效测试考生运用语言“做事”的能力，符合目前英语教学改革的方向。
任务型阅读的常见类型及解题技巧
完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。根据已有各地试题可把大体分成三类题型：问答问题型、应用文型和综合型（把两种类型综合在一起）。
回答问题型 也就是给出一篇短文，题后设计几 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个问题（一般五个题）。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解的能力，又考查学生的在文章中提取信息的能力。要求学生根据问题在文章中找出能回答问题的关键句子，或者需要自己组织语言回答问题；有的题目设计出一两个翻译题等。细读问题要求，完成任务。在明白题意和文意的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。总之，这类题型要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力。
应用文型的任务阅读 它往往 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与生活实际挂钩，涉及天气预报、电视节目、预定购各类物品，海报广告、确定路线方位、留言口信电话记录等生活实例和有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料等。内容比较简单，有时图文并茂，符合不同学生层次的心理爱好。体现了运用语言完成实际任务的目的。题目设计一般为表格形式较多，学生可先看题目要求，大致明白所要完成的任务，直接从材料中找到相关信息，从而完成所给的任务。
综合类型的任务阅读 一般是在问题设计上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )兼顾了前两种类型,既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、连词成句等，又有根据内容完成表格或图表信息，完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。在明白题意和文意的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。
另外，任务型阅读题型涉及到写，应特别注意大小写及书写规范问题，做到每个细节都能万无一失，保证做题的准确性和得分率。
任务型阅读试题分析
山东中考题阅读短文，根据任务要求完成下面各小题
Playing is serous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) business for children. In fact, it’s what they do best! Ask them why they do it, and kids will probably say, “Because it’s fun!” But it’s much more than that. It’s also good for them.
83 Studies show t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat from birth babies begin learning through play. They use their five senses to get know their new world. Touching allows them to discover how different things feel. Brightly colored toys and clothing help develop a baby’s sense of sight(视觉).
When small children ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oose which toy to play with, they begin developing their abilities in making decisions.
Children love ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) toys that allow them to use their imagination. Sometimes an empty box is more fun than a high-tech toy. That’s because a box can become anything a child imagines it to be.
Crayons, pai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts and Play-Doh(彩色塑泥) are also good because they allow children to crate. Traditional building blocks teach important pre-math skills like problem-solving.
84 Playing doesn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )become any less important once children start school. Many valuable(有价值的) lessons about life are learned on the school playground. Kids learn how to share, take turns and play by the rules.
（一）根据短文内容简要回答问题。
81. What can children do best in their childhood
82. What kind of toys do children love
（二）将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。
83.
84.
（三）请给短文拟一个适当的题目。
85.
第81题问的是“儿童在孩时做的最好是什 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )么”从文中开头的句子中我们可以直接能够找到“Playing is serous business for children. In fact, it’s what they do best!”只要学生仔细阅读就不难发现答案。第82题问“孩子喜欢什么样玩具”，这个问题的答案不是唯一的，但我们可以从文章的第4、5小节也不难找到合适的答案“Toys to develop their imagination，/ teach important pre-math skills like problem-solving.。第83题“研究表明幼儿从出生起就开始在玩的过程中学习。” “study”这儿为“研究”之意，“show”为“呈现；表明”之意。第84题也是个比较容易的句子。第85题要综合整个文章内容不难看出它的中心讲的是“children”与“play”的关系。
中考 读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。
Lifelong Learning （终身学习）
In the past, when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students graduated from college and got jobs, only some of them went on with their study. But today, lifelong learning is becoming more and more common （常见的）.
Lucy, who is forty, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teaches physics at a college in Boston. "Next term, I' ll teach some of my classes by using the Internet. This is the way of teaching that I've never used before," says Lucy. "These days, I am taking a class to learn how to teach in this way. If not, I will lose my job. "At the same time, Lucy' s seventy - year - old parents, who live in New York, are taking an art history class online. "We love this subject," says her father, "and we learn it to enjoy ourselves. You see we can study with people all over the world. What fun it is to learn like this!"
Lucy Parents
Age Forty 1.
Subject 2. Art history
Place 3. New York
How to teach or learn On the Internet/Online 4.
For what they go on learning Not to lose her job 5.
这类任务型阅读内容浅显，易于把握，体 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现了运用语言完成实际任务的目的。第1—5题学生可根据表格里的任务要求直接到文章中找到答案（见短文中的加粗部分文字）。这里还是要再强调书写的习惯，特别是单词的大小写。
一、明确任务，关注题后要求
（泰安）阅读下面的短文，并完成短文后的任务。
Waste can be seen e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree with them.
Waste can bring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources (资源), we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move Think about it. (3) I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.
In our everyday lif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, we can do many things to prevent (阻止) waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. (4) Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best.
任务1：根据要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)
1. List the wastes mentioned in the first passage: (within 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________
2. What problems can waste bring (within 20 words)
(1) ______________________________________________________________
(2) ______________________________________________________________
任务2：将短文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
任务3：请给短文拟一个适当的标题：(within 5 words)
5. ______________________________________________________________
【答案】1. ask for more food，forget to turn off the lights
2. (1) We’ll be short of resources.(fresh water, coal or oil.)
(2) We’ll have nothin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to use and nowhere to move./What can we use in the future and where can we move
3. 我认为我们应该对那些天天浪费东西的学生说不。
4. 如果我们都尽力的话，将来有一天浪费就不会发生了。
5. Stop wasting/No more wasting
分析：这道中考题形式多样，在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同一道题中出现了收集并整理信息、回答问题、翻译句子、拟标题等多项任务。因此，在未读材料之前，应仔细阅读所给任务，做到心中有数，避免答非所问，从而有效的提高做题的效率和准确率。另外，仔细阅读后不难发现，任务1和任务3题后还有额外的附加要求（within 15 words，within 20 words，within 5 words)，考生稍加马虎，答题字数就容易超出警戒线！如多于任务一的作答，考生很易写上: Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom.（共24词）
二、）对照原文，作答适当修改
…….At the same time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯). ……
任务2. When you find ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you make a mistake in the chat room, what should you do
_____________________________________________________________________
此题考生容易直接抄写原句，而忘记应将人称 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )适当调整，答为：if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended..
附答案：I should correct m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yself and apologize to those that I have offended.
任务型阅读理解不但考查学生阅读理解的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能力，还考查学生写的能力，所谓读写结合。所以在写的过程中就应特别注意书写规范：单词的首字母是否应大写，单词拼写无误，单词的词形、词性，句子的语法准确，时态语态正确，固定搭配等等。在翻译句子时尤其要慎重，结合语境，反复斟酌，努力做到万无一失。
下面是一道满分为10分的试题， 每题2分。
Do you think about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your parents “ Yes, of course.” You may answer, “ I buy a present for my mother on Mother’s Day. And I give my father a present on Father’s Day.
Then what about the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )other days of a year Always remember to think about your parents. Not just on some important days.
I have a friend. She lives alone. Her parents live in another city.
One day I went to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) see her. We had a nice chat. Then she wanted to make a call. She dialed( 拨打电话) the number, but then put the phone down. After ten seconds, she dialed the number again. “ Hi, mom…”
Later I asked, “ Why did you dial the number twice ”
She smiled, “ My p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arents are old. They can’t be quick to answer a call. (1)I always do so when I call them. I just want to give them enough time.”
My friend is a good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) girl. She is always thinking about her parents. You also want to be a good child, right (2)why，her, learn ,So , not, from
1. How should we really think about our parents
答案一：Not just on some important days.
分析：回答不完整，不能完全覆盖答题的信息。 不能得分。
答案二：To always remember to think about your parents.
分析：问题是对方式状语提问，而答句则以目的状语形式出现，尽管意思表达明白，但只能得1分。因此，回答句子一定要依据问句的形式和内容答题。
答案三：We should remember to think about your parents.
分析：回归语境不难发现，答句漏掉一个关键词：always.只能得一分。
2. Why did the girl dial the phone number twice
答案：Her parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are old. They can’t be quick to answer a call. She just wants to give them enough time.
分析：问题是一般过去时态，答句也必须在原文的基础上适当调整。这样的作答只能得一分。
3. What do you think of the girl
答案：She is a good girl and care about her parents.
分析：答句是一个并列句，care 应使用第三人称单数形式，给一分。
4. 将文中划线的句子(1)译成汉语。
答案一：我总是这样做，当我打电话给他们时。
分析：答案不符合汉语正常语序，给一分。
答案二：当我打电话给他们时，我经常这样做。
分析：答案未将单词always准确译出， 扣0.5分。
答案三：当我打给他们时，我总是这样做。
分析：答案过于口语化，表达不清晰，给1分。
5. 将文中划线部分（2）连成一句话。
答案：So, why not learn from her.分析：答句句末应为问号，扣0.5分。