2015年中考英语二轮复习学案：07 形容词副词

中考英语复习——形容词副词
　　形容词考查重点
　 　中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )级，比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中，形容词比较等级句型、形容词 修饰不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing时的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。
　　一、形容词的一般用法
1作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如，It’s a cold and windy day.
　　2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。例如，He looks happy today.
　　3.形容词修饰something，an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。例如，Would you like something hot to drink？
　　4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
　　例如，How long is the river？ It’s about two hundred metres long.
　　　5.貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的
　 　6.复合形容词：snow-white ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )雪白的 English-speaking说英语的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known众所周知 的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old十岁的。
　　二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为
限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)出处材料性质类别名词
A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣
　　　三、形容词常用句型
“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。
　 　注意：这一句型中常用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌 的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正 确的)，wrong(错误的)等。
　　例如，It’s very kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)　　2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。
　 　注意：这一句型中常用的形容词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易 的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适 的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。
　　例如，It’s not eas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)
　　3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)；表示能力和意志的形容词如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。
　　I’m very sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to hear the bad news.He is sure to get to school on time.
副词考查重点
　 　中考试题对副词的考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中，频度副词 always，often，usually，sometimes，never，时间副词already，yet，still，just，疑问副词 how，why，when，where，程度副词enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法区别，副词比较等级句型是考查的热 点。
　　一、副词的分类
　　副词按词汇意义可分为：
　　方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly
　　程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite
　　地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home，
　　时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still
　　频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never
　　否定副词：no，not，neither，nor，
　　疑问副词：where，how，why 其他：also，too，only
　　二、副词的基本用法
　　副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
　　例如，1.We should listen to our teachers carefully.
　
　　三、中考常见副词用法辨析
1、already与yet的区别
　　already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”
　　例如，He had already left when I called. ave you found your ruler yet？
　　　注意：already还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末
　　例如：Has your son gone to school already？
　　2 very，much和very much.的区别
　　very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.
　　例如，John is very honest.
　　　　3.so与such的区别
　　⑴so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词，
　　例如，My brother run ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s so fast that I can’t follow him.　　He is such a boy.　　⑵so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.
　　such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，
. 例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.
　　⑶如果可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such.
　　例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数
　　so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词
　　4.also，too，as well与either 的区别
　　also，as well，to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。
　　例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
　　=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.　　
I can’t speak French.. Jenny can’t speak French，either
　　5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别
sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时
sometimes：有时，不时的 some time：一段时间 some times：几次，几倍
　　. 例如，We’ll have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )test sometime next month.　　Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.
　　He stayed in Bei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )jing for some time last year. have been to Beijing some times.
　　6.ago与before的区别
　　ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。
　　before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。
　　例如，I saw him ten ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )minutes ago.　　He told me that he had seen the film before.
　　7.now，just与just now的区别
　　now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”
　　just：与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚……”
　　just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”
　 例如，Where does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he live now？他现在住哪里？We have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。He was here just now. 他刚才在这里。
窗体顶端
窗体底端
形容词，副词的比较级、最高级
　　一、规则变化
一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
　　2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
　　3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest
　　4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest
　　5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
　　二、不规则变化
　　形容词，副词等级的用法
　　一、原级的用法
只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too
　　例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
　　　2.原级常用的句型结构
　　(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
　　　Tom is twice as old as Kate.
　　“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
例如，Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.
　　(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如，This room is not as/so big as that one.
　　“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
　　例如，He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.
　　二、比较级的用法
1．可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然
例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.
　　(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
　　例如，This room is three times bigger than that one.
“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
　例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.
　(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
　　例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
　　=The Yangtze ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
　　　注意：The Yangtze R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。
　　“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
　　例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
　　　注意：Mike gets to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chool earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)
　　(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
例如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
　　(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
例如，He is getting taller and taller.
　　　(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
　　(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”
　　例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？
　　“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”
　　例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？
　　3.最高级常用句型结构
　　(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如，This apple is the biggest of the five.
“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
　　例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
　　(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
　　例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
　　(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？
　　“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较
例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？
例题剖析
1 I have_____to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
　　答案B形容词修饰复合不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D，句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something。
　　2 —Is chemistry more difficult than physics？
　　—No，chemistry isn’t as____as physics.
　　A. easy B difficult C. easier D.more difficult
　　答案B(not)as…as中应接形容词原级，结合上句“化学没有物理难”，故B是正确的。
　　3.Beijing is becoming_________and__.
　　A.more beautiful，more B.beautiful，beautiful
　　C.more，more beautiful D.more beautiful，more beautiful
　　答案C比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越…”，多音节的形容词“more and more+形容词”。
　　4.______ children there are in a family，_____their life will be.
　　A.The less，the better B.The fewer，the better
　　C.Fewer，richer D.More，poorer
　　答案Bthe+比较级，the+比较级，表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示“越……越……”，由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好”。children是可数名词，应用few来修饰。
　　5.The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected.
　　A.more B.much more C.much D.moremuch
　　答案C much可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用more.
　　6 Oct 15th was o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne of ________ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.
　　A.exciting B.more exciting C.the most exciting D.much exciting
　　答案C根据“one of+最高级+复数名词”固定句型应选C。
　　7.It’s seven o’cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ock in the afternoon，but they are ______ having a meeting.
　　Aalready B.still C.yet D.ever
　　答案Bstill意为“仍旧，仍然”，这句话的意思是：现在已经是下午七点，他们仍旧在开会。
　　8.Remember not to speak _______ when we are in the reading room.
　　A.fast B.slowly C.politely D.loudly
　　答案D“在阅览室里不要大声说话”，副词loudly修饰动词speak.
　　9.“______ has this food store been in business？”
　　“Since 2001.”
　　A.How long B.How often C.How old D.How soon
　　答案A“since+过去时间点”为“从过去的某一时间到现在”，表示一段时间，故选“how long”.
　　10.—What was the weather like yesterday？
　　—It was terrible.I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t rained so ___ that people could _________ go out.
　　A.hardly…hard B.hardly…hardly C.hard…hardl 　D.hard…hard
　　答案C rain在句中是动词，作谓语，后面用副词修饰，hard作副词，是“猛烈地”的意思，hardly是“几乎不”的意思。
　　-同步练习
1.at a ____ cough！You seem_____ill.
A.terrible，terribly B.terribly，terrible
C.terrible，terrible D.terribly，terribly
　　2.I feel even_____now.
　　A.bad B.well C.worse D.worst
　　3.She was very happy. She ran_____of all the runners.
　　A.fastest B.the quickest C.slowest D.quickly
　　4.Keep quiet，please.It’s_____noisy here.
　　A.many too B.too many C.much too D.too much
　　5.—Have you _____ spoken to a foreigner？
　　—No，_____.
　　A.already，never B.ever，never C.yet，already D.ever，ever
　　6.He is taller than_________in his class.
　　A.any boy B.any C.any other boy D.some other boys
　　7.I’ll go and visit you ____ next week.
　　A.sometime B.sometimes C.some times D.some time
　　8.The car is running________.It seems to be flying.
　　A.more and fast ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er B.more and fast C.fast and fast D.faster and faster
　　9.English is as _____ as Chinese.You should learn it well.
　　A.important B.mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re important C.the most important D.much more important
　　10.Music is not s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o useful as science.It’s ________ useful than science.
　　A.fewer B.less C more D.a lot
　　11.We’ve never heard of_____story before.
　　A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so strange
　　12.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes______.
　　A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety
　　13.Pass my g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lasses to me，Jack.I can_____read the words in the newspaper.
　　A.hardly B.really C clearly D.rather
　　14.Three years _______，he become a driver.
　　A.late B.later C.lately D.more lately
　　15.He is ______ enough to carry the heavy box.
　　A.stronger B.much stronger C.strong D.the strongest
　　16.I bought _____ exercise-books with____money.
　　A.a few，a few B.a few，a little C.a little，a few D.a little，a little
　　17.The box is _____ heavy for the girl____carry.
　　A.too，to B.to，too C.so，that D.no，to
　　18.Do you have ____ to tell us？
　　A.something new B.new something C.anything new D.new anything
　　19.—Do you think the fish tastes_______？
　　—She cooked it______，Ithink.
　　A good，good B well，good C well，well D good，well
　　20.She played the piano_____than we had thought.
A.successful B.successfully C.more successful D.more successfully
中考链接
1、Shu-How Lin is now one of____________basketball players in the NBA.
A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular
A. for us to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )play B. of us playing C. for us playing D. of us to play10、The First Huaguoshan International Golf Open was success that we enjoyed ourselves very much.
A. such a great B. a such great C. so a great D. a so gre11、 — Why is the traffic today moving so slowly We are running late!
— Calm down. Let’s take route. Turn left over there.
A. a same B. the same C. a different D. the different
12、—Jack, is there in today’s newspaper
—No, nothing.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important anything D. important something
A. Twice a day B. Since last night C. For two hours D. A month ago
19、Mike hurt his back ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seriously and can_____ get out of bed without help.
A. quickly B. easily C. nearly D. hardly
20、No matter what happ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ens, the fact that Huangyan Island belongs to China will change.
A. ever B. never C. still D. hardly