2015年中考英语二轮复习学案：08 形容词和副词

形容词和副词专题复习
一、形容词
1．定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
2．作用：（1）作定语： a good girl , beautiful flowers （形容词+名词）；
（2）作表语：The boy is alone. The food tastes good.（系动词+形容词）
（3）作宾语补足语：We must make our country more beautiful.
The woman keeps the room clean and tidy.
3．以下形容词只做表语：alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive, ill, well，glad
The baby is __________ (sleep).
4．不定代词+形容词，形容词作后置定语。
I have _____to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
5． the +形容词：表示一类人，例如 the rich/ poor/ young/ old/ blind.
6． 多个形容词修饰名词的先后顺序为：1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）长短 6）形状 7）长幼 8）新旧 9）颜色 10）国籍 11）材质
副词
1．定义：副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征，说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或句子。
2． 副词在句中的位置：实义动词+副词 如: He writes carefully.
三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1．规则变化
　1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est， tall- - ，long- -
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，
nice- - large- -
　3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，
heavy- - 　busy- - funny- -
4) 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，
big- - thin- -
　5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级
slowly- - beautiful- -
2．不规则变化：
good/well- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) - bad/ill/badly- -
Many /much- - little- -
far - / - / old - -
四、三级的用法
（一）原级的用法
　1.只能修饰原级的词有very，quite，so，too
He is too to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so that I can‘t follow him.
我弟弟跑得如此快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
(1)“甲+v.+ as+形容词/副词原级+as+乙” 表示“甲和乙程度相同”
Tom is as as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom runs Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。 　
(2)“甲+ v. +not +as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+乙” 表示“甲不如乙…”
This room is that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
He doesn’t walk you.他走路不像你那样慢。
　（二）、比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词much，a lot，far（…的多），a little，a bit（…一点儿）even（甚至）still(仍然)
如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
　　Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
　　This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。
　　She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
2.比较级常用的句型结构
(1)“甲+v. +比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”
Tom is than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
I got up than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈早　　
(2)“甲+v.+比较级+than +any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”
表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
　The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
　　长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。
　=The Yangtze ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
　=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to scho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ol earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
(3)“甲+v. +the+比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
　　例如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
　　例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
　　The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
　He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
　　例如，The more car ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
(6)“特殊疑问词+v.+比较级，甲or乙？”
　　例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
　3.最高级常用句型结构
　(1)“主语+v. +the+最高级+(单数名词)+in/of短语” 表示 “……是……中最……的”。
Tom is in his class/of all the students.
汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
I jump in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)“主语+v.+one of the+最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最…之一”。
Beijing is in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑问词+v. +the+最高级, 甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
Which country is ，China，Brazil or Canada？
哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
中考真题
1．The red pencil is than the green one.
A. short B. shorter C. nice D. the shortest （2012北京）
2. It is that Mrs. Guo sailed across the world by himself within about 130 days.
A. terrified, successful; B. scary, successfully;
C. amazing, successfully; D. convincing, successful; （2013青岛）
3. Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works than her.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest （2013济南）
4. ---Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone
---No. I do that because it makes me uncomfortable.
A. seldom B. often C. usually D. sometimes （2013菏泽）
5. --- The meat is delicious.
--- Yes, but don’t eat .
A. too much, too much B. much too, too much
C. too much, much too D. much too, much too （2013广西玉林）
强化训练
1．---Is chemistry more difficult than physics？
　---No，chemistry isn’t as ____ as physics.
　　A. easy B. difficult C. easier D. more difficult
2．Beijing is becoming _________ and_________ .
　　A. more beautiful，more B. beautiful，beautiful
　　C. more，more beautiful D. more beautiful，more beautiful
　　
　　3. ______ children there are in a family，_____their life will be.
　　A. The less，the better B. The fewer，the better
　　C. Fewer，richer D. More，poorer
　　4. The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected.
　　A. more B. much C. much more D. more much
　　5．Oct 15th was one o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f ________ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.
　　A. exciting B. more exciting　C. the most exciting D. much exciting
6．Eating ________ (health) food is good for you.
7. They were________ (interest) in the action movie.
8. She likes light music because it’s ________ (relax).
9. Please listen to the teacher ________ (careful) in class.
10. The old should be spoken to ________ (polite).
11. Bob is ________ (outgoing) than his sister.
12. The more you smile, the ________ (happy) you’ll feel.
13. Jim gets to school________ (early) than his classmates.
14. The Yellow River is the second ________ (long) river in China.
15. Whose bag is ________ (heavy), yours or mine
16. ---Does Jim run as ________ (slow) as David
--- Yes, but Mike runs ________ (slow) than them.
17. I jump ________ (far) than some of the boys in my class.
18. It gets ________and ________when spring comes. (warm)
19. You have seven books, but I have ________(many) than you.
20. Which cit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y has ________ (large) population, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou