河南省信阳高级中学2023-2024学年高一上期12月月考
英语试题
第一部分 单项选择(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
1. I ______ to send her an e-mail yesterday, but I forgot because of the day and evening appointments I had.
A. was intending B. intend C. have intended D. had intended
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查过去完成时的特殊用法。句意：我本来打算昨天给她发一封电子邮件的，但是我忘记了，因为我白天和晚上都有约会。表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时，表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划；根据句意可知，说话人本打算给“她”发一封电子邮件，但计划未实现，动词intend用过去完成时态表示“本打算实现而未实现的计划”。故选D项。
2. ______ it takes us to reduce pressure is good for our psychological health, and crying seems to work well.
A. That B. Whether C. Whatever D. As
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：无论采取什么方式来减轻压力都对我们的心理健康有益，哭泣似乎效果很好。A. That那个；B. Whether是否；C. Whatever无论什么；D. As正如。分析句子结构可知，该句为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此可使用whatever，在句中作takes的宾语。故选C。
3. As making mistakes in front of others may lead to ________ , many students are afraid of making a speech in public.
A. laughing at B. be laughed at C. being laughed at D. laughed at
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于在别人面前犯错误可能会被嘲笑，许多学生害怕在公共场合演讲。lead to“导致”中的to是介词，故此处为动名词作宾语，laught at且与students构成被动关系，应用being done形式。故选C。
4. Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.
A. while B. before
C. and D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：汤姆正要关上窗户时，一只鸟引起了他的注意。 此处为句型sb. be about to do sth. when...，表示“某人正要做某事，这时……”。故选D。
5. Not everyone has a fortunate life ______ they have family that can provide support.
A. which B. that C. on which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：并不是每个人都有一个幸运的生活，他们有家人可以提供支持。此处为定语从句修饰先行词life，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故选D。
6. The number of deaths from a powerful typhoon sweeping across China’s east coast ________ to 30 on Sunday.
A. raised B. rose C. aroused D. arose
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：周日，一场席卷中国东海岸的强台风造成的死亡人数上升到30人。A.raised提升，增加；B.rose增加；C.aroused激起，引起；D.arose发生，出现。分析句子可知，这里要表达“人数增长到30”，考虑A和B，其中raise是及物动词，其后直接接宾语，而rise为不及物动词，用rise to表示“增长到……”。故选B项，
7. Though great efforts have been made on her study, Annie still can’t make any improvement, which makes her parents greatly______
A. concern B. to concern C. concerned D. concerning
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然安妮在学习上已经很努力了，但她仍然没有取得任何进步，这使她的父母非常担心。分析句子结构可知，本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中为固定搭配：make sb. adj.意为“使某人怎么样”，所以空处应填形容词作宾语补足语，表示担心的为形容词concerned。故选C项。
8. ______through the document quickly and you will figure out what the project is intended for.
A. Go B. To go C. Going D. Goes
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：快速浏览文档，你就会明白这个项目的目的。分析句式结构可知，此处是固定句型：祈使句+and+简单句，所以空格处用动词原形构成祈使句。故选A项。
9. The meeting ______the day after tomorrow is of vital importance
A. that is to held B. to be held C. which to hold D. which to be held
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：后天将被举行的会议至关重要。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“is”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，空格处应用不定式作后置定语，表示将来的动作，“meeting”和“hold”之间为被动关系，故应用不定式的被动语态“to be done”，“hold”的过去分词为“held”。故选B项。
10. I am always the first person ______the office where I work from dawn to dusk.
A. getting to B. to getting to C. to get to D. who get to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我总是第一个到办公室的人，在那里我从早到晚工作。根据空格前的the first可知，当名词前有序数词修饰的时候，通常用动词不定式作后置定语，构成固定搭配the first person to do sth表示“第一个做某事的人”。故选C项。
11. At yesterday’s meeting, he______ a good idea to solve the pollution problem.
A. came across B. came up with C. came out D. came about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个解决污染问题的好主意。A. came across偶遇；B. came up with提出、想出；C. came out出来、出版；D. came about发生；根据空格后a good idea可知，此处是指在会议上“提出”一个好主意。故选B项。
12. The big flood suddenly hit that area. ______, thousands of people became homeless
A. As a result B. As a result of which C. As a result of D. In consequence of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：大洪水突然袭击了那个地区。结果成千上万的人无家可归。分许句子结构可知，空处需要固定短语as a result“结果”，符合语境，在句中作状语。B项中多出一个which，形式不正确。C项中的as a result of意为“由于……”，后面接名词。D项中的in consequence of意为“由于”，后面加名词。B、C和D项均不正确。故选A。
13. The sort of fish goes deep into the mud ______dried up by the sun when the dry season comes.
A. so as not to be B. so not to be C. so that not to be D. so that don’t
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这种鱼会深入到泥里，以免在旱季到来时被太阳晒干。表示“以免，为了不……”短语为so as not to do sth.，此处dry up与fish构成被动关系，故用be dried up。故选A。
14. When a dark-colored cake ______on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognize it as sweeter and more tasty.
A. served B. is served C. serving D. is serving
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意；当一个深色的蛋糕被放在一个黑色的盘子里而不是一个白色的盘子里被呈上时，顾客们发现它更甜，更可口。根据主句的时态recognize可知，此处陈述事实的事情，所以应用一般现在时，cake和serve是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
15. You need a wide ______of skills, leadership and organizing abilities
A. variety, including B. varieties, including C. various, including D. varieties, included
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和介词词。句意：你需要很多项技能，包括领导力和组织能力。分析句子，a variety of表示“各种各样的”；leadership和 organizing abilities是skills中的两种，表示列举，应用介词including。故选A。
16. The hospital has recently obtained new medical ______, allowing more patients ______.
A. equipments, to treat B. equipment, to be treated
C. equipment, being treated D. equipments, being treated
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、非谓语动词。句意：医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，使更多的病人能够得到治疗。分析句子结构，第一个空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，因名词equipment为不可数名词，使用名词原形。第二个空白处在句子中做宾补，allow sb to do为固定短语，含义为“允许某人做某事”，因空白处与其逻辑主语more patients之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用动词不定式的被动式，故选B项。
17. He gave a detailed account of______came into their sight on reaching the peak of the mountain.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他详细描述了他们到达山顶时所看到的一切。此处是介词of 后面的宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，指代“他看到的东西”。故选A。
18. ______closer, I saw a short note ______ to the big box.
A. To come, being attached B. To come, attached
C. Coming, being attached D. Coming, attached
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：走近一点，我看到大盒子上贴着一张小纸条。分析句子结构，第一个空白处在句子中做伴随状语且与其逻辑主语I之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，所以排除A项和B项。第二个空白处在句子中在句子中做后置定语，因与其逻辑主语note之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，因第二个空白处仅表示被动关系，并不表示正在进行的被动含义，排除C项，故选D项。
19. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. where B. before C. after D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到汽车停在我们家门前，我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶座上。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句：It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who +其它部分，被强调部分为only when the car pulled up in front of our house，应用that，故选D。
20. If you continue to waste money like this, you will ________ losing all you have.
A. give up B. end up C. put up D. pick up
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你继续这样浪费钱，你最终会失去你所有的。A. give up放弃；B. end up结束；C. put up提供；建造；D. pick up捡起。根据句意可知选B。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项
A
Getting to know Peru is to admire its churches, archaeological (考古) sites, and houses with balconies, who are witnesses to the rich history and guardians of the cultural treasures of Peru. We invite you to discover the top 5 most representative collections.
Royal Tombs of Sipan
This is an exceptional exhibition of the Lord of Sipan, one of the most powerful men of ancient Peru, ruler of the Mochica Culture which dominated the Peruvian northern coast between 100 and 800 A.D. The Complex features the artifacts found within its tomb. The tour includes a visit to the archaeological site, which gives you a complete view of this magnificent discovery.
Lima Art Museum
Also known as MALI, the museum is home to a collection of more than 17,000 works exhibited in its permanent galleries including art, textiles and silverware from the first Andean civilizations to our days. In addition, the museum’s temporary galleries highlight local and international exhibitions. The building that houses the Museum is located at the entrance of Lima’s historic downtown next to a beautiful public park and is one of the most beautiful examples of architecture in Lima.
MATE
Peru’s most recognized photographer, Mario Testino, has gained a place as one of the most influential fashion and portrait photographers of our times. Here in Peru, he has written a new chapter in art’s history by restoring a beautiful 19th Century mansion to its former glory to home a non-profit museum that brings Peruvian artists and culture to worldwide attention. The museum offers the best of international contemporary art and photography through a program of exhibitions, residencies, and events, alongside a permanent display of his work.
Santa Catalina Convent
This is not just another religious building—the 20,000-sq-meter complex is almost a castle within the Arequipa City. Occupying a whole block and guarded by imposing high walls, it is one of the most fascinating religious buildings in Peru. Its main attraction is the mix of Spanish an native elements in the architectural style and the splendid works of art, such as the art gallery containing pieces of the Cusco School of paintings showing the life of St. Catherine of Siena, and the murals (壁画) that can be seen all over the place.
21. The passage is mainly intended to ______.
A. highlight Peru’s rich history and well-known artifacts
B. recommend some of Peru’s places that are worth visiting
C. explain why Peru has protected its cultural treasures well
D. introduce most representative collections in Peru’s museums
22. The building of ______ has a foreign touch.
A. Royal Tombs of Sipan B. Lima Art Museum
C. MATE D. Santa Catalina Convent
23. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. The Mochica Culture spread across Peru around 800 A.D.
B. Lima Art Museum is located on the outskirts of Lima.
C. Mario Testino plays a part in publicizing Peruvian culture.
D. Santa Catalina Convent is no longer used for religious purposes.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了秘鲁具有历史和文化意义的五处遗址。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Getting to know Peru is to admire its churches, archaeological (考古的) sites, and houses with balconies, who are witnesses to the rich history and guardians of the cultural treasures of Peru. We invite you to discover the top 5 most representative collections.(了解秘鲁就是欣赏秘鲁的教堂、考古这些遗址和带阳台的房屋是秘鲁丰富历史的见证人和文化宝藏的守护者。我们邀请您探索前五大最具代表性的收藏)”结合下文对5个具有代表性遗址的介绍推知，本文的目的是给读者推荐秘鲁一些值得参观的地方。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Santa Catalina Convent部分的“Its main attraction is the mix of Spanish an native elements in the architectural style and the splendid works of art, such as the art gallery containing pieces of the Cusco School of paintings showing the life of St. Catherine of Siena, and the murals (壁画) that can be seen all over the place.(它最吸引人的地方是建筑风格中西班牙本土元素和精彩的艺术作品的结合，比如艺术画廊里有展示锡耶纳圣凯瑟琳生平的库斯科派绘画作品，还有随处可见的壁画)”可知，Santa Catalina Convent的建筑风格是西班牙元素，即它的建筑有异国情调。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据MATE部分的“Here in Peru, he has written a new chapter in art’s history by restoring a beautiful 19th Century mansion to its former glory to home a non-profit museum that brings Peruvian artists and culture to worldwide attention. The museum offers the best of international contemporary art and photography through a program of exhibitions, residencies, and events, alongside a permanent display of his work.(在秘鲁，他将一座美丽的19世纪宅邸修复成昔日的辉煌，成为一座非营利性博物馆的所在地，为艺术史谱写了新的篇章，这座博物馆使秘鲁艺术家和文化受到了全世界的关注。博物馆通过一系列展览、居住和活动，以及他的作品的永久展示，提供最好的国际当代艺术和摄影作品)”可知，Mario Testino在宣传秘鲁文化方面发挥了作用。故选C。
B
Quietly sitting there reading, I found myself suddenly listening to the train guard’s announcements (通知). Train travelers will surely agree that when the guard (列车长) makes an announcement, whether it’s the recorded message or the guard’s message, few people listen to it, because it’s often quite dull or hard to understand. This one was different. I noticed that other passengers appeared to be listening, too. Not only that, everyone was smiling!
Why was so much attention being paid to this message As best I can recall the guard said something along these lines, “Good Morning Ladies, Gentlemen and Children, this is the 7: 35 a.m. from Penrith to Central and you’ll be pleased to know that we are right on time. And what a lovely morning it is in Sydney today. The sun is shining, birds are singing, and all’s right with the world. I trust you have a great day wherever you’re going. Thanks for catching my train this morning and I hope to see you again soon.”
Quite a few people (obviously previous strangers) started talking to one another about the guards excellent message and how good it had made everyone feel. I started thinking about this, and then I found the young guard and said “Were you the guard on the 7: 35 a.m. from Penrith ” The guard seemed a bit stunned at first, replying, “Yes, yes.” “Well, I really appreciate your announcement. Thank you for your extremely good message, which gave me and the other passengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doing it.” I said.
There are two messages for me in what happened that day. Firstly, when people are happy in their work, it shows in what they do and say. Secondly, the story attaches much importance to the benefits that accumulate (积累) from thanking people for something they’ve done, particularly when it’s not expected. Can you imagine the conversation that guard would have when he got home
24. Why do few train travelers listen to the announcements
A. The messages are unattractive.
B. The guard’s voice is not clear.
C. They usually feel sleepy.
D. They are absorbed in books.
25. What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Patient. B. Frightened.
C. Surprised. D. Excited.
26. What might the guard talk about with his family when he got home
A. The beautiful weather. B. The recorded message.
C. The train from Penrith. D. The unexpected appreciation.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. An Intelligent Guard.
B. A Boring Train Story.
C. A Different Train Announcement.
D. A Lovely Morning in Sydney.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坐火车听到了一则不同寻常的火车通知。列车员快乐阳光的广播给乘客们带来了好心情。作者对列车员表示了感谢。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Train travelers will surely agree that when the guard makes an announcement, whether it’s the recorded message or the guard’s message, few people listen to it, because it’s often quite dull or hard to understand. (坐火车的人肯定会同意，当列车员发出通知时，无论是录音还是列车员的通知，很少有人听，因为它通常很无聊或很难理解。)”可知，几乎没乘客听火车上的通知是因为它比较无聊或难理解，即“不吸引人”。故选A。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段年轻列车员所回复的“Yes, yes.”可知，他起初有点惊讶，所以才会有点口吃，因为人们一般对火车的通知消息不关注，所以划线词stunned表示“惊讶的”。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段作者所说的话“Well, I really appreciate your announcement. Thank you for you’re extremely good message, which gave me and the other passengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doing it. (嗯，我真的很感谢你的通知。谢谢你非常好的公告，让我和其他乘客有了一个良好的开始。请继续这样做。)”可知，年轻列车员在火车上收到了乘客的感谢，这是他没想到的，所以他回家后可能会和家人分享这次“出乎意料的感谢经历”。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要讲述了作者坐火车听到了一则不同寻常的火车通知。列车员快乐阳光的广播给乘客们带来了好心情。作者对列车员表示了感谢，所以C选项“A Different Train Announcement. (一则不同的火车通知)”符合标题。故选C。
C
It’s 3 o’clock and you’ve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn’t. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings area strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.
Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs bur x up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.
A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.
In a 2017 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”. So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.
So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain maybe more to blame than your stomach.
28. What is the function of the first paragraph
A. To remind readers of their own special food.
B. To deepen the understanding of hunger.
C. To report the discovery of craving study.
D. To lead to the topic of the whole passage.
29. What do we learn about food craving
A. It shows food is linked to feelings.
B. It ensures a person survives hunger.
C. It means the stomach functions well.
D. It proves the brain decides your appetite.
30. What’s the likely result of dieting
A. The decrease of chemicals. B. The increase of food desire.
C. The refusal of fat and sugar. D. The disappearance of appetite.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss
A. The functions of brain areas. B. What hunger is all about.
C. The findings of food craving. D. What dieting may bring us.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了饮食渴望的调查结果，食物与情感有关系，节食可能会导致食物欲望的增加。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Food cravings area strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.(对食物的渴望是对某种特定食物的强烈渴望。它们都很正常)”以及文章对于饮食的渴望与饥饿的区别可知，第一段是为了引入整篇文章的话题。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Food cravings area strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.(对食物的渴望是对某种特定食物的强烈渴望。它们都很正常)”可知，它表明食物与感情有关。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a 2017 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”.(在2017年的一项研究中，剑桥大学的研究人员发现，“节食或限制饮食通常会增加渴望食物的可能性”)”可知，节食可能会导致食欲的增加。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain maybe more to blame than your stomach.(所以，下次当你渴望一些非常具体的东西时，要知道你的大脑可能比你的胃更应该受到责备)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要谈论饮食渴望的调查结果。故选C。
D
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter density (灰质密度). This is the area of the brain which processes (加工) information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is.
A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London (UCL), took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible.” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learnt English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
32. Why does the writer mention “exercise” in the second paragraph
A. To make people believe language learning is helpful for their health.
B. To suggest language learning is also a kind of physical labor.
C. To prove that one needs more resources when he/she is learning a language.
D. To tell us that learning a language can train your brain effectively.
33. What can we know from the scientific findings
A. The ability of learning a second language is changing all the time.
B. The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is.
C. The experience of learning a second language has a bad effect on brain.
D. There is no difference between a later second language learner and one without a second language.
34. In the last two paragraphs, the author tries to tell us that ________.
A. early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects
B. learning a second language is the same as studying maths
C. Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D. you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
35. What is mainly talked about in this passage
A. Language learning is closely connected with maths study.
B. Man has a great ability of learning a second language.
C. Studying a foreign language can improve man’s ability to think.
D. The study done by the researchers from UCL is failed finally.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项新研究表明，学习新语言会增加大脑的灰质密度，让人变得更聪明，而且越早学习新语言，这种效果就越好。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter density(灰质密度). This is the area of the brain which processes(加工) information.(根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力。研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变灰质密度。这是大脑中处理信息的区域。)”可知，一项新研究发现学习新语言可以提高脑力，改变大脑的灰质密度，接着“It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.(这与锻炼增加肌肉的方式相似。)”提到学习新语言提高脑力与锻炼增加肌肉的方式相似，结合常识可知，锻炼时会通过各种运动来活动肌肉，让肌肉变得更强大，由此可推测出，提到锻炼是为了更好地说明学习新语言能够有效训练大脑，让头脑变得更灵活。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is.(研究还发现，学习第二语言的人越年轻，效果就越大。)”和第四段“Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was.(扫描显示，双语者大脑中的灰质密度高于没有学第二语言的人。但一个人在掌握一门新语言之前等待的时间越长，差异就越小。)”可推知，学习第二语言会增加灰质密度，而且越早学习，效果就越好，越晚学习，灰质密度的变化就越小。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. ‘Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible.’ he said. ‘You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.’(威尔士大学的Dylan Vaughan Jones教授研究了双语与数学技能之间的联系。他说：‘拥有两种语言可以给你打开两扇世界之窗，让大脑更加灵活。你实际上超越了语言，对不同的想法有了更好的理解。’)”和最后一段中的“The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. ‘Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,’ explained the scientists.(结果表明，他们开始学习的年龄越小越好。科学家们解释说：‘学习一门语言意味着你可以进入另一个世界。’)”可知，威尔士大学的Dylan Vaughan Jones教授研究双语与数学技能之间的联系，他认为学习语言可以更好地了解不同的想法；科学家们认为学习语言让人了解另一个世界，而不单单局限于语言方面，而且越早学习，效果就越好。由此可推测出，提早学习第二语言有助于学习其他科目。故选A。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段中用问题“Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language (你没有注意到，自从你开始学习一门语言以来，你变得更聪明了吗？)”引出学习语言会让人变聪明的话题，接下来具体介绍了一项新研究的发现：学习新语言会增加大脑的灰质密度（这是大脑中的信息加工区域），而且越早学习新语言，这种效果就越好。由此可推测出，本文主要讲述的是学习新语言有助于提高人的思维能力。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is well known that humans need meaningful social connection. ____36____ The stronger our relationships are, the more likely we are to live better. So how do we deepen friendships in our lives
Shower them with affection. We often think of affection as love we show in romantic relationships. But affection is more than holding hands and kissing. ____37____ There are many ways you can show love to your friends. Tell them how much they mean to you. Remind them you are grateful to know them. These simple acts provide security in the relationship.
____38____ Being generous with your friends is an easy way to develop your friendships. If you’re a gym rat, you could help your friend train for a coming race they have. Or if your friend is applying for a university, you can use your research and analysis skills to put together a presentation for them.
Share your joys struggles and even guilt. Think about how good it feels to tell a friend you secretly like a boring TV show and hear them respond “me too!” ____39____ Many people hold the view that it can be scary to be open with our feelings. It can come with the risk of shame or rejection. But people are less likely to reject you for being weak than you think.
Don’t hide your disagreements. It’s hard to deal with conflict in friendships. People often see them as something that should be fun and lighthearted, so they ignore problems when they arise. ____40____ It might be painful at first, but it shows you want to be honest with them, and that you want to make your relationship better.
A. Tell them how much you value them.
B. Value them with your skills and talents.
C. It’s about communicating love and appreciation.
D. In fact, it’s linked to our mental and physical health.
E. It means they accept us for who we are, the good and the bad.
F. People feel hurt when someone doesn’t keep their private information.
G. But dealing with conflict in a healthy way can deepen your friendships.
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. E 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何加深友谊提出了一些建议。
【36题详解】
根据上文“It is well known that humans need meaningful social connection.(众所周知，人类需要有意义的社会联系)”以及后文“The stronger our relationships are, the more likely we are to live better. So how do we deepen friendships in our lives (我们的关系越牢固，我们就越有可能生活得更好。那么我们如何在生活中加深友谊呢？)”可知，后文提到了关系有助于生活得更好，说明社会联系与身心健康有关，故D选项“事实上，它与我们的身心健康有关”符合语境，故选D。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Shower them with affection. We often think of affection as love we show in romantic relationships. But affection is more than holding hands and kissing.(用爱浇灌他们。我们通常认为感情是我们在恋爱关系中表现出来的爱。但感情不仅仅是牵手和亲吻)”可知，本句是在说明感情真正的内涵：关于爱和感激的交流。故C选项“这是关于爱和感激的交流”符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据本段内容“Being generous with your friends is an easy way to develop your friendships. If you’re a gym rat, you could help your friend train for a coming race they have. Or if your friend is applying for a university, you can use your research and analysis skills to put together a presentation for them.(对朋友慷慨大方是发展友谊的一个简单方法。如果你是一个健身狂，你可以帮助你的朋友为即将到来的比赛进行训练。或者如果你的朋友正在申请一所大学，你可以用你的研究和分析技能为他们准备一份报告)”可知，后文提到了用研究和分析技能为朋友准备报告，可知本段的主旨是利用技能来评价朋友。故B选项“用你的技能和才能来评价他们”符合语境，故选B。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Share your joys, struggles and even guilt. Think about how good it feels to tell a friend you secretly like a boring TV show and hear them respond “me too!”(分享你的快乐，挣扎，甚至内疚。想象一下，当你告诉一个朋友你偷偷喜欢一个无聊的电视节目，然后听到他们回答“我也是!”)”可知，本句承接上文，说明表示赞同的意义：意味着他们接受我们本来的样子，不管是好是坏。故E选项“这意味着他们接受我们本来的样子，不管是好是坏”符合语境，故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Don’t hide your disagreements. It’s hard to deal with conflict in friendships. People often see them as something that should be fun and lighthearted, so they ignore problems when they arise.(不要隐藏你的分歧。在友谊中处理冲突是很难的。人们通常认为它们应该是有趣和轻松的，所以当问题出现时，他们忽略了)”以及后文“It might be painful at first, but it shows you want to be honest with them, and that you want to make your relationship better.(一开始可能会很痛苦，但这表明你想对他们诚实，你想让你们的关系更好)”可知，上文提到忽视问题，后文提到感到痛苦，推测本句与上文构成转折，指出如何处理冲突的方法，故G选项“但是以健康的方式处理冲突可以加深你们的友谊”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For the past four years I had been having up to 30 seizures (癫痫发作) a day. It made me ____41____ a lot.
Despite ____42____ visits to hospitals, no doctor could tell me the cause of it. At night, my family had to check on me just in case I wasn’t ____43____. So I could never be in a room alone and as a 21-year-old young man, I was finding the lack of ____44____ getting me down.
One day, my friend Kerri asked if I wanted an assistance dog. I knew there were guide dogs for the ____45____, but I wasn’t sure how a dog could help me. A few days later, Kerri told me she’d done some search and found a company “Dogs For Life”. From the website of the company, I ____46____ that they teach dogs to smell a chemical change in the body and ____47____ people when a seizure is about to ____48____.
Soon after, I ____49____ Baloo, a dog trained by Dogs For Life. It sat silently in the corner. As I sat down, Baloo suddenly _____50_____ and jumped on me. Minutes later, I had a seizure. It had _____51_____ the chemical changes in my body and tried to warn me. It was by my side until the _____52_____ came. Instantly, I knew it was a good _____53_____ for me, and I took her back home.
It’s _____54_____ my life more than a handful of times and I couldn’t be more _____55_____ for it.
41. A. think B. hide C. suffer D. learn
42. A. personal B. countless C. formal D. impressive
43. A. sleeping B. working C. replying D. breathing
44. A. warmth B. fun C. safety D. independence
45. A. deaf B. blind C. injured D. elderly
46. A. wrote B. learnt C. overheard D. planned
47. A. warn B. attract C. follow D. hit
48. A. burn out B. break in C. come on D. drop by
49. A. saved B. addressed C. met D. invited
50. A. rose B. lay C. struggled D. played
51. A. sensed B. caused C. touched D. cried
52 A. action B. attack C. guide D. help
53. A. boss B. teacher C. partner D. listener
54. A. risked B. stopped C. kept D. saved
55. A. thankful B. anxious C. excited D. patient
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者经常犯癫痫病，但是没有医生能找出病因，这让作者很痛苦，直到有一天，他遇到了一只能感觉到人体内的化学变化，并对人发出警告的狗Baloo，作者把Baloo带回了家，此后Baloo多次救了作者的命，他对它感激不尽。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我很痛苦。A. think思考；B. hide隐藏；C. suffer(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦；D. learn学习。根据上文“For the past four years I had been having up to 30 seizures (癫痫发作) a day.”及常识可知，这种情况会让人很受苦。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管去了无数家医院，但没有医生能告诉我病因。A. personal个人的；B. countless无数的；C. formal正式的；D. impressive令人印象深刻的。根据上文“For the past four years I had been having up to 30 seizures (癫痫发作) a day.”及下文“no doctor could tell me the cause of it.”可知，因为经常犯病，所以去了无数家医院看病，但是没有找到病因。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：晚上，我的家人不得不检查我，以防我没有呼吸。A. sleeping睡觉；B. working工作；C. replying答复；D. breathing呼吸。根据上文“For the past four years I had been having up to 30 seizures (癫痫发作) a day.”及“At night, my family had to check on me just in case”可知，这种经常犯癫痫病，家人晚上检查他，是为了防止他晚上犯病，从而导致没有了呼吸。故选D。
44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我永远不能独自待在一个房间里，作为一个21岁的年轻人，我发现缺乏独立性让我很沮丧。A. warmth温暖；B. fun乐趣；C. safety安全；D. independence独立性。根据上文“So I could never be in a room alone”可知，作者永远不能独自待在一个房间里，所以此处指缺乏独立性让他很沮丧。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道有导盲犬为盲人服务，但我不确定狗怎么能帮助我。A. deaf聋的；B. blind盲的；C. injured受伤的；D. elderly年老的。根据上文“I knew there were guide dogs”及常识可知，导盲犬是为盲人服务的。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这家公司的网站上，我了解到他们教狗嗅出体内的化学变化，并在癫痫即将发作时警告人们。A. wrote写；B. learnt了解；C. overheard无意中听到；D. planned计划。根据下文“that they teach dogs to smell a chemical change in the body and ____7____ people when a seizure is about to ____8____.”可知，此处是作者了解到的事情。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这家公司的网站上，我了解到他们教狗嗅出体内的化学变化，并在癫痫即将发作时警告人们。A. warn警告；B. attract吸引；C. follow跟随；D. hit命中。根据上文“that they teach dogs to smell a chemical change in the body”及下文“It had ____11____ the chemical changes in my body and tried to warn me.”可知，此处指这些狗发现危险时，会警告人们。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从这家公司的网站上，我了解到他们教狗嗅出体内的化学变化，并在癫痫即将发作时警告人们。A. burn out烧坏；B. break in闯入；C. come on(疾病、头疼)开始；D. drop by顺道拜访。根据上文“when a seizure is about to”可知，此处指癫痫即将发作。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，我遇到了Baloo，一只由“生命之犬”训练的狗。A. saved保存；B. addressed演讲；C. met遇到；D. invited邀请。根据下文“Baloo, a dog trained by Dogs For Life. It sat silently in the corner.”可知，作者遇到了一只名叫Baloo的狗。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我坐下时，Baloo突然站起来，向我扑来。A. rose站起；B. lay铺设；C. struggled挣扎；D. played演奏。根据上文“It sat silently in the corner.”及下文“jumped on me”可知，开始的时候Baloo是坐着的，此处指Baloo突然站起来，向作者扑来。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它感觉到了我体内的化学变化，并试图警告我。A. sensed感觉；B. caused引起；C. touched触摸；D. cried哭。根据上文“From the website of the company, I ____6____ that they teach dogs to smell a chemical change in the body and ____7____ people when a seizure is about to ____8____.”可知，这些狗能感觉到人体内的化学变化，并对人发出警告。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在救援到来之前，它一直在我身边。A. action行动；B. attack攻击；C. guide引导；D. help援助。根据上文“Minutes later, I had a seizure.”及常识可知，作者的癫痫病发作了，这只狗一直在他身边，直到救援到来。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻意识到这对我来说是个好搭档，于是我把她带回家了。A. boss老板；B. teacher教师；C. partner搭档；D. listener听众。根据上文“It was by my side until the ____12____ came.”及下文“and I took her back home.”可知，作者意识到这只狗是他的一个好搭档，所以把这只狗带回家了。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它多次救了我的命，我对它感激不尽。A. risked冒险；B. stopped停止；C. kept保管；D. saved搭救。根据下文“my life more than a handful of times”可知，这只狗多次救了作者的命。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它多次救了我的命，我对它感激不尽。A. thankful感恩的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. excited兴奋的；D. patient耐心的。根据上文“It’s ____14____ my life more than a handful of times”可知，这只狗多次救了作者的命，所以他很感激它。故选A。
非选择题部分
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In AD79, the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in southern Italy, ___56___ (destroy) by a volcanic eruption that buried many of its buildings. Archaeologists (考古学家) ___57___ (observe) it for almost 300 years but now they have a new tool for ___58___ (understand) how Pompeii might once have looked—virtual reality (VR).
Researchers Danilo Campanaro and Giacomo Landeschi, from Lund University in Sweden, used data that were collected by drones (无人机) to create a 3D computer reconstruction of one of its most amazing buildings. They then fed the reconstruction into a video game system ___59___ a VR model is made. The idea is not just to recreate the buildings ___60___ to understand a bit more about how Roman people might have experienced them. Campanaro and Landeschi asked ___61___ (volunteer) to take a virtual tour of the house in both summer and winter light. The researchers used special eye-tracking technology to record ___62___ (exact) which areas people looked at and for how long. From this, the team concluded that the building used clever design ___63___ (draw) attention to the very objects ___64___ showed off the wealth and status of its owner—perhaps a man called Lucius Valenius Flaccus, ____65____ ring was found in the ruins.
【答案】56. was destroyed
57. have been observing
58. understanding
59. where 60. but
61. volunteers
62. exactly
63. to draw
64. that 65. whose
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了考古学家们用新的虚拟现实技术了解庞贝城的过去。
【56题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：公元79年，意大利南部的古罗马城市庞贝被火山爆发摧毁，许多建筑被掩埋。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In AD79可知，此处应使用一般过去时，destroy与主语the ancient Roman city之间存在被动关系，所以应使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was destroyed。
【57题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：考古学家们已经观察了近300年，但现在他们有了一个新工具来了解庞贝城的曾经——虚拟现实（VR）。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语for almost 300 years 并结合but now可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示observe从过去发生一直持续到现在，现在使用新的工具对庞贝城进行观察，且句子主语Archaeologists为名词复数。故填have been observing。
【58题详解】
考查动名词。句意：考古学家们已经观察了近300年，但现在他们有了一个新的工具来了解庞贝城的曾经——虚拟现实（VR）。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，空前为介词for，所以此处应使用动名词形式understanding。故填understanding。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然后，他们将重建的数据输入一个制作虚拟现实模型的视频游戏系统。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词system为抽象地点名词。故填where。
【60题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：这个想法不仅仅是为了重建这些建筑，而且也是为了更多地了解罗马人是如何体验这些建筑的。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配“not just…but …”意为“不仅仅……而且……”符合句意。故填but。
【61题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：Campanaro和Landeschi要求志愿者在夏天和冬天的光线下对房子进行虚拟游览。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，volunteer为可数名词单数，其前无限定词，所以此处应使用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填volunteers。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：研究人员使用特殊的眼动追踪技术来准确记录人们看了哪些区域以及看了多长时间。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词record，exact的副词为exactly意为“准确地”符合句意。故填exactly。
【63题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：由此，研究小组得出结论，这座建筑使用了巧妙的设计，吸引了人们对其炫耀主人财富和地位的物品的关注——也许是一个名叫卢修斯·瓦列纽斯·弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指是在废墟中发现的。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物去做某事”可知，此处应为不定式形式作目的状语，且表示主动意义。故填to draw。
【64题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：由此，研究小组得出结论，这座建筑使用了巧妙的设计，吸引了人们对其炫耀主人财富和地位的物品的关注——也许是一个名叫卢修斯·瓦列纽斯·弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指是在废墟中发现的。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处应使用关系代词，先行词objects指的是物，且其前有the very修饰，所以此处只能使用关系代词that。故填that。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：由此，研究小组得出结论，这座建筑使用了巧妙的设计，吸引了人们对其炫耀主人财富和地位的物品的关注——也许是一个名叫卢修斯·瓦列纽斯·弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指是在废墟中发现的。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词a man，结合句意可知，先行词与空后的名词ring之间存在所属关系，所以此处应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是红星中学高一的学生李华，你们学校举办了丰富多彩的元旦庆祝活动，请你根据图表中的相关信息写一篇短文，给校刊《英语角》投稿。内容包括：
活动名称 元旦联欢晚会
时间 12月30日晚上7:00—9:00
地点 学校礼堂
节目 唱歌，小游戏，京剧等
观众反应 鼓掌，喝彩等
你的感受 ……
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
To welcome the arrival of the New Year, our school held a New Year’s Eve party in the school hall from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. on Dec, 30.
The party began with a song, followed by various performances. There were also some interesting games which really lit up the atmosphere. Every one of us got really excited when some students performed Beijing Opera. They were so skillful that we couldn’t help clapping.
The hall was full of applause and cheers and we did enjoy ourselves that evening. This was really an unforgettable experience, which perfectly finished the old year and welcomed the new one.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生根据所给信息，为学校举办的元旦庆祝活动写一篇报道，需介绍活动的基本信息，描述其中的节目，并分享观众的反应和自己的感受。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
各种各样的：various→a variety of, a wide range of
兴奋的：excited→thrilled
充满：be full of→be filled with
玩得开心：enjoy oneself→have fun, have a good time
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The party began with a song, followed by various performances.
拓展句：The party began with a song, which was followed by various performances.
【点睛】[高分句型1] There were also some interesting games which really lit up the atmosphere. (运用了which引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Every one of us got really excited when some students performed Beijing Opera. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] They were so skillful that we couldn’t help clapping. (运用了so…that…引导结果状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 读后续写
I always wondered how people would react if I tried to approach a stranger for help in a busy place like a street corner or in a bustling mall. I personally have hurried past a stranger who tried to catch my attention in a busy place.
Yesterday I had a taste of being stuck in such a desperate situation where you only hope of help would have to come from a total stranger.
I was in a busy shopping mall buying a large piece of luggage. After the purchase in one of the large and expensive shops, I picked up my phone from my pocket to call my driver waiting in the parking lot and my phone was dead.
I then requested the shop assistant selling me the luggage, which was not cheap at all, if she could ring the number of my driver for me. She replied, still all smiles, “I’m sorry Sir, but it is the shop policy that we cannot use mobile phones while working in the shop.”
As I was wondering what kind of policy that was, I saw a nice-looking teenage boy coming toward me. Remember my wife’s interesting theory that beautiful people are more likely to give you a hand when you’re in trouble, I thought I might have a chance. But before I could say a word, he walked past me. It turned out he simply didn’t see me.
I waited in the mall but it seemed nobody bothered to look at me. Disappointed and tired, I got out of the shop on to the busy street in front. I stood there with people rushing by, looking at their faces to see if they will show kindness to me. I began wondering how many times I had reacted to strangers like the shop girl and the teenager.
注意：1. 续写的短文词数应为100左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That was when I saw a young mother with her two kids.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally a man wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans seemed to notice me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
That was when I saw a young mother with her two kids. She was talking on the phone, and her voice told me she was a gentle and patient lady. The two kids were neatly dressed and waited quietly beside her. This must be a nice family, I thought to myself. Therefore, I approached to make a request. But as soon as I said, “Excuse me madam,” she grabbed both her kids and went away. Did I look like someone trying to hurt people I felt my heart sinking horribly.
Finally a man wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans seemed to notice me. I didn’t know why but I just stopped him and made my request. I was expecting him to rush past but he immediately called the number of my driver and waited till my car came to be sure I was picked up, turned around before I could thank him adequately and was gone. Surprised by his kindness, I promised I would do likewise to strangers who sought my help.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者试图在繁华的街道上向人求助，看人们会有什么反应。结果女店员、少年以及一位年轻的母亲和她的两个孩子都先后拒绝了作者的求助，但是一个穿着廉价T恤和脏牛仔裤的男人注意到了作者，帮作者拨打了电话，作者还没来得及好好感谢他，他就转身走了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“就在那时，我看到一位年轻的母亲和她的两个孩子”和第二段首句“最后，一个穿着廉价T恤和脏牛仔裤的男人似乎注意到了我”可知，第一段可描写作者向这位母亲求助结果被拒绝，该段段尾可衔接第二段内容。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，一个穿着廉价T恤和脏牛仔裤的男人似乎注意到了我。”可知，第二段可描写穿着简陋的男人帮助了作者，而作者还没来得及好好感谢他，他就转身走了，而作者也想把这样的善意继续传递下去。
2.续写线索：发现母子三人——想要求助——被拒绝——被男人注意到——男人提供帮助——司机来接作者——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
走近：approach/come near
走开：go away/walk away
提出请求：make a request /ask for a favor
情绪类
感谢：thank /express gratitude to
惊讶：surprised /astonished
【点睛】[高分句型1] But as soon as I said, “Excuse me madam,” she grabbed both her kids and went away. (运用了as soon as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Surprised by his kindness, I promised I would do likewise to strangers who sought my help. (运用了who引导定语从句)河南省信阳高级中学2023-2024学年高一上期12月月考
英语试题
第一部分 单项选择(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
1. I ______ to send her an e-mail yesterday, but I forgot because of the day and evening appointments I had.
A. was intending B. intend C. have intended D. had intended
2. ______ it takes us to reduce pressure is good for our psychological health, and crying seems to work well.
A. That B. Whether C. Whatever D. As
3. As making mistakes in front of others may lead to ________ , many students are afraid of making a speech in public.
A. laughing at B. be laughed at C. being laughed at D. laughed at
4. Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.
A. while B. before
C. and D. when
5. Not everyone has a fortunate life ______ they have family that can provide support.
A. which B. that C. on which D. where
6. The number of deaths from a powerful typhoon sweeping across China’s east coast ________ to 30 on Sunday.
A. raised B. rose C. aroused D. arose
7. Though great efforts have been made on her study, Annie still can’t make any improvement, which makes her parents greatly______
A. concern B. to concern C. concerned D. concerning
8. ______through the document quickly and you will figure out what the project is intended for.
A. Go B. To go C. Going D. Goes
9. The meeting ______the day after tomorrow is of vital importance
A. that is to held B. to be held C. which to hold D. which to be held
10. I am always the first person ______the office where I work from dawn to dusk.
A. getting to B. to getting to C. to get to D. who get to
11. At yesterday’s meeting, he______ a good idea to solve the pollution problem.
A. came across B. came up with C. came out D. came about
12. The big flood suddenly hit that area. ______, thousands of people became homeless
A. As a result B. As a result of which C. As a result of D. In consequence of
13 The sort of fish goes deep into the mud ______dried up by the sun when the dry season comes.
A. so as not to be B. so not to be C. so that not to be D. so that don’t
14. When a dark-colored cake ______on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognize it as sweeter and more tasty.
A. served B. is served C. serving D. is serving
15. You need a wide ______of skills, leadership and organizing abilities
A. variety, including B. varieties, including C. various, including D. varieties, included
16. The hospital has recently obtained new medical ______, allowing more patients ______.
A. equipments, to treat B. equipment, to be treated
C. equipment, being treated D. equipments, being treated
17. He gave a detailed account of______came into their sight on reaching the peak of the mountain.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
18. ______closer, I saw a short note ______ to the big box.
A. To come, being attached B. To come, attached
C. Coming, being attached D. Coming, attached
19. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. where B. before C. after D. that
20. If you continue to waste money like this you will ________ losing all you have.
A. give up B. end up C. put up D. pick up
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项
A
Getting to know Peru is to admire its churches, archaeological (考古的) sites, and houses with balconies, who are witnesses to the rich history and guardians of the cultural treasures of Peru. We invite you to discover the top 5 most representative collections.
Royal Tombs of Sipan
This is an exceptional exhibition of the Lord of Sipan, one of the most powerful men of ancient Peru, ruler of the Mochica Culture which dominated the Peruvian northern coast between 100 and 800 A.D. The Complex features the artifacts found within its tomb. The tour includes a visit to the archaeological site, which gives you a complete view of this magnificent discovery.
Lima Art Museum
Also known as MALI, the museum is home to a collection of more than 17,000 works exhibited in its permanent galleries including art, textiles and silverware from the first Andean civilizations to our days. In addition, the museum’s temporary galleries highlight local and international exhibitions. The building that houses the Museum is located at the entrance of Lima’s historic downtown next to a beautiful public park and is one of the most beautiful examples of architecture in Lima.
MATE
Peru’s most recognized photographer, Mario Testino, has gained a place as one of the most influential fashion and portrait photographers of our times. Here in Peru, he has written a new chapter in art’s history by restoring a beautiful 19th Century mansion to its former glory to home a non-profit museum that brings Peruvian artists and culture to worldwide attention. The museum offers the best of international contemporary art and photography through a program of exhibitions, residencies, and events, alongside a permanent display of his work.
Santa Catalina Convent
This is not just another religious building—the 20000-sq-meter complex is almost a castle within the Arequipa City. Occupying a whole block and guarded by imposing high walls, it is one of the most fascinating religious buildings in Peru. Its main attraction is the mix of Spanish an native elements in the architectural style and the splendid works of art, such as the art gallery containing pieces of the Cusco School of paintings showing the life of St. Catherine of Siena, and the murals (壁画) that can be seen all over the place.
21. The passage is mainly intended to ______.
A. highlight Peru’s rich history and well-known artifacts
B. recommend some of Peru’s places that are worth visiting
C. explain why Peru has protected its cultural treasures well
D. introduce most representative collections in Peru’s museums
22. The building of ______ has a foreign touch.
A. Royal Tombs of Sipan B. Lima Art Museum
C. MATE D. Santa Catalina Convent
23. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. The Mochica Culture spread across Peru around 800 A.D.
B. Lima Art Museum is located on the outskirts of Lima.
C. Mario Testino plays a part in publicizing Peruvian culture.
D. Santa Catalina Convent is no longer used for religious purposes.
B
Quietly sitting there reading, I found myself suddenly listening to the train guard’s announcements (通知). Train travelers will surely agree that when the guard (列车长) makes an announcement, whether it’s the recorded message or the guard’s message, few people listen to it, because it’s often quite dull or hard to understand. This one was different. I noticed that other passengers appeared to be listening, too. Not only that, everyone was smiling!
Why was so much attention being paid to this message As best I can recall the guard said something along these lines, “Good Morning Ladies, Gentlemen and Children, this is the 7: 35 a.m. from Penrith to Central and you’ll be pleased to know that we are right on time. And what a lovely morning it is in Sydney today. The sun is shining, birds are singing, and all’s right with the world. I trust you have a great day wherever you’re going. Thanks for catching my train this morning and I hope to see you again soon.”
Quite a few people (obviously previous strangers) started talking to one another about the guards excellent message and how good it had made everyone feel. I started thinking about this, and then I found the young guard and said “Were you the guard on the 7: 35 a.m. from Penrith ” The guard seemed a bit stunned at first, replying, “Yes, yes.” “Well, I really appreciate your announcement. Thank you for your extremely good message, which gave me and the other passengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doing it.” I said.
There are two messages for me in what happened that day. Firstly, when people are happy in their work, it shows in what they do and say. Secondly, the story attaches much importance to the benefits that accumulate (积累) from thanking people for something they’ve done, particularly when it’s not expected. Can you imagine the conversation that guard would have when he got home
24. Why do few train travelers listen to the announcements
A. The messages are unattractive.
B. The guard’s voice is not clear.
C. They usually feel sleepy.
D. They are absorbed in books.
25. What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Patient. B. Frightened.
C. Surprised. D. Excited.
26. What might the guard talk about with his family when he got home
A. The beautiful weather. B. The recorded message.
C. The train from Penrith. D. The unexpected appreciation.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. An Intelligent Guard.
B. A Boring Train Story.
C. A Different Train Announcement.
D. A Lovely Morning in Sydney.
C
It’s 3 o’clock and you’ve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn’t. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings area strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.
Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs bur x up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.
A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.
In a 2017 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”. So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.
So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain maybe more to blame than your stomach.
28. What is the function of the first paragraph
A. To remind readers of their own special food.
B. To deepen the understanding of hunger.
C. To report the discovery of craving study.
D. To lead to the topic of the whole passage.
29. What do we learn about food craving
A. It shows food is linked to feelings.
B. It ensures a person survives hunger.
C. It means the stomach functions well.
D. It proves the brain decides your appetite.
30. What’s the likely result of dieting
A. The decrease of chemicals. B. The increase of food desire.
C. The refusal of fat and sugar. D. The disappearance of appetite.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss
A. The functions of brain areas. B. What hunger is all about.
C. The findings of food craving. D. What dieting may bring us.
D
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter density (灰质密度). This is the area of the brain which processes (加工) information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is.
A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London (UCL), took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible.” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learnt English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
32. Why does the writer mention “exercise” in the second paragraph
A. To make people believe language learning is helpful for their health.
B. To suggest language learning is also a kind of physical labor.
C. To prove that one needs more resources when he/she is learning a language.
D. To tell us that learning a language can train your brain effectively.
33. What can we know from the scientific findings
A. The ability of learning a second language is changing all the time.
B. The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is.
C. The experience of learning a second language has a bad effect on brain.
D. There is no difference between a later second language learner and one without a second language.
34. In the last two paragraphs, the author tries to tell us that ________.
A. early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects
B. learning a second language is the same as studying maths
C. Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D. you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
35. What is mainly talked about in this passage
A. Language learning is closely connected with maths study.
B. Man has a great ability of learning a second language.
C. Studying a foreign language can improve man’s ability to think.
D. The study done by the researchers from UCL is failed finally.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is well known that humans need meaningful social connection. ____36____ The stronger our relationships are, the more likely we are to live better. So how do we deepen friendships in our lives
Shower them with affection. We often think of affection as love we show in romantic relationships. But affection is more than holding hands and kissing. ____37____ There are many ways you can show love to your friends. Tell them how much they mean to you. Remind them you are grateful to know them. These simple acts provide security in the relationship.
____38____ Being generous with your friends is an easy way to develop your friendships. If you’re a gym rat, you could help your friend train for a coming race they have. Or if your friend is applying for a university, you can use your research and analysis skills to put together a presentation for them.
Share your joys, struggles and even guilt. Think about how good it feels to tell a friend you secretly like a boring TV show and hear them respond “me too!” ____39____ Many people hold the view that it can be scary to be open with our feelings. It can come with the risk of shame or rejection. But people are less likely to reject you for being weak than you think.
Don’t hide your disagreements. It’s hard to deal with conflict in friendships. People often see them as something that should be fun and lighthearted, so they ignore problems when they arise. ____40____ It might be painful at first, but it shows you want to be honest with them, and that you want to make your relationship better.
A. Tell them how much you value them.
B. Value them with your skills and talents.
C. It’s about communicating love and appreciation.
D. In fact, it’s linked to our mental and physical health.
E. It means they accept us for who we are, the good and the bad.
F. People feel hurt when someone doesn’t keep their private information.
G. But dealing with conflict in a healthy way can deepen your friendships.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For the past four years I had been having up to 30 seizures (癫痫发作) a day. It made me ____41____ a lot.
Despite ____42____ visits to hospitals, no doctor could tell me the cause of it. At night, my family had to check on me just in case I wasn’t ____43____. So I could never be in a room alone and as a 21-year-old young man, I was finding the lack of ____44____ getting me down.
One day, my friend Kerri asked if I wanted an assistance dog. I knew there were guide dogs for the ____45____, but I wasn’t sure how a dog could help me. A few days later, Kerri told me she’d done some search and found a company “Dogs For Life”. From the website of the company, I ____46____ that they teach dogs to smell a chemical change in the body and ____47____ people when a seizure is about to ____48____.
Soon after, I ____49____ Baloo, a dog trained by Dogs For Life. It sat silently in the corner. As I sat down, Baloo suddenly _____50_____ and jumped on me. Minutes later, I had a seizure. It had _____51_____ the chemical changes in my body and tried to warn me. It was by my side until the _____52_____ came. Instantly, I knew it was a good _____53_____ for me, and I took her back home.
It’s _____54_____ my life more than a handful of times and I couldn’t be more _____55_____ for it.
41. A. think B. hide C. suffer D. learn
42. A. personal B. countless C. formal D. impressive
43. A. sleeping B. working C. replying D. breathing
44. A. warmth B. fun C. safety D. independence
45. A. deaf B. blind C. injured D. elderly
46 A. wrote B. learnt C. overheard D. planned
47 A. warn B. attract C. follow D. hit
48. A. burn out B. break in C. come on D. drop by
49. A. saved B. addressed C. met D. invited
50. A. rose B. lay C. struggled D. played
51. A. sensed B. caused C. touched D. cried
52. A. action B. attack C. guide D. help
53. A. boss B. teacher C. partner D. listener
54. A. risked B. stopped C. kept D. saved
55. A. thankful B. anxious C. excited D. patient
非选择题部分
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In AD79, the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in southern Italy, ___56___ (destroy) by a volcanic eruption that buried many of its buildings. Archaeologists (考古学家) ___57___ (observe) it for almost 300 years but now they have a new tool for ___58___ (understand) how Pompeii might once have looked—virtual reality (VR).
Researchers Danilo Campanaro and Giacomo Landeschi, from Lund University in Sweden, used data that were collected by drones (无人机) to create a 3D computer reconstruction of one of its most amazing buildings. They then fed the reconstruction into a video game system ___59___ a VR model is made. The idea is not just to recreate the buildings ___60___ to understand a bit more about how Roman people might have experienced them. Campanaro and Landeschi asked ___61___ (volunteer) to take a virtual tour of the house in both summer and winter light. The researchers used special eye-tracking technology to record ___62___ (exact) which areas people looked at and for how long. From this, the team concluded that the building used clever design ___63___ (draw) attention to the very objects ___64___ showed off the wealth and status of its owner—perhaps a man called Lucius Valenius Flaccus, ____65____ ring was found in the ruins.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是红星中学高一的学生李华，你们学校举办了丰富多彩的元旦庆祝活动，请你根据图表中的相关信息写一篇短文，给校刊《英语角》投稿。内容包括：
活动名称 元旦联欢晚会
时间 12月30日晚上7:00—9:00
地点 学校礼堂
节目 唱歌，小游戏，京剧等
观众反应 鼓掌，喝彩等
你的感受 ……
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
67. 读后续写
I always wondered how people would react if I tried to approach a stranger for help in a busy place like a street corner or in a bustling mall. I personally have hurried past a stranger who tried to catch my attention in a busy place.
Yesterday I had a taste of being stuck in such a desperate situation where you only hope of help would have to come from a total stranger.
I was in a busy shopping mall buying a large piece of luggage. After the purchase in one of the large and expensive shops, I picked up my phone from my pocket to call my driver waiting in the parking lot and my phone was dead.
I then requested the shop assistant selling me the luggage, which was not cheap at all, if she could ring the number of my driver for me. She replied, still all smiles, “I’m sorry Sir, but it is the shop policy that we cannot use mobile phones while working in the shop.”
As I was wondering what kind of policy that was, I saw a nice-looking teenage boy coming toward me. Remember my wife’s interesting theory that beautiful people are more likely to give you a hand when you’re in trouble, I thought I might have a chance. But before I could say a word, he walked past me. It turned out he simply didn’t see me.
I waited in the mall but it seemed nobody bothered to look at me. Disappointed and tired, I got out of the shop on to the busy street in front. I stood there with people rushing by, looking at their faces to see if they will show kindness to me. I began wondering how many times I had reacted to strangers like the shop girl and the teenager.
注意：1. 续写的短文词数应为100左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That was when I saw a young mother with her two kids.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally a man wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans seemed to notice me.
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