2022-2023学年七宝中学高二上12月测评英语试卷
II. Grammar
(A)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
You know what they say, marriage is like a box of chocolates and you never know what you are gonna get. My wife and I had a “ferocious” argument the other night ____1____ we were watching one episode of the latest season of a reality show called See You Again. Basically, the show was about three couples ____2____ (embark) on an 18-day vacation to try to work out their marital issues in the hope of saving their marriages. For them, it was really a make-it-or-break-it vacation.
____3____ we both agreed on most men’s incompetence in expressing their true feelings in any intimate relationship, my still beloved wife and I failed miserably to see eye to eye on reasons for that. She blamed it on men’s upbringing while I thought it had more to do with the influence of outdated social norms and stereotypes on men.
Our society ____4____ (discourage) emotional expression in men for ages, telling them they can’t shed a tear or show any vulnerability. These outdated ideas about what it means to be a man have messed them up big time. To me, it is no wonder that in the marriage market, the most common type available ____5____ women is the silent but dominant type of men with the whole breadwinner and homemaker roles still ____6____ (stick) in their heads. So when things don’t go that way, of course, they will feel lost.
“Intimidated” by my rigorous logic, my wife purposefully shifted the focus of her argument to ____7____ we two should raise our son and what I could have done better if I had taken her advice seriously.
However, things started to get much ____8____ (personal) when both of us seemed to run out of witty arguments. Realizing this disagreement would lead us nowhere, I wasted no time apologizing to her for my ill-considered words with dignity and offered to clean the plates piling up in the sink ____9____ I cooked dinner that night! Faced with an offer she couldn’t refuse, my wife kindly reminded me ____10____ (not forget) to dry the towel when I was done. Apology accepted, hence case closed.
At the end of the day, I exhibited my vulnerability as requested and she showed her mercy as expected. We just agreed to disagree and lived happily ever after.
【答案】1. when
2. embarking
3. Although##Though##While
4. was discouraged
5. to 6. stuck
7. how 8. more personal
9. even if##even though
10. not to forget
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者和他的妻子对于男人不会表达感情的原因的不同观点，以及二人对此如何应对的故事。
【1题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：前几天晚上，当我们正在看一部名为《再次见到你》的真人秀节目时，我和妻子大吵了一架。分析句子结构可知，本空引导时间状语从句，此处表示“当……时”，用when引导从句。故填when。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：基本上，这个节目是关于三对夫妻的，他们正在开始一个18天的假期，试图解决他们的婚姻问题，以挽救他们的婚姻。动词embark意为“开始”。本句系动词为was，此处应用非谓语动词，且three couples与embark为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰three couples。故填embarking。
【3题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然我们都认为大多数男人在任何亲密关系中都不善于表达自己的真实感受，但我和我仍然深爱着的妻子却无法就其中的原因达成一致。前后句意存在让步转折关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【4题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：长期以来，我们的社会一直不被鼓励男性表达情感，告诉他们不能流泪或表现出任何脆弱。根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，又因主语society与discourage为被动关系，故本句用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Our society单数，谓语单数形式。故填was discouraged。
【5题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：对我来说，难怪在婚姻市场上，女性最常见的类型是沉默，但占主导地位的男性的类型是养家糊口的角色，他们的脑海中仍然萦绕着女性是家庭主妇的角色。根据空前的available可知，本空填介词to。available to sb.“可供某人使用”。故填to。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对我来说，难怪在婚姻市场上，女性最常见的类型是沉默，但占主导地位的男性的类型是养家糊口的角色，他们的脑海中仍然萦绕着女性是家庭主妇的角色。with复合结构，此处应用非谓语动词，roles和stick“粘住”之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，作宾补。故答案为stuck。
【7题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我妻子被我严谨的逻辑吓到了，她有意把争论的焦点转移到我们俩应该如何抚养儿子，以及如果我认真对待她的建议，我本可以做得更好。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，此处表示“如何”，故用连接副词how引导。故答案为how。
【8题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，事情开始变得更加私人，因为我们俩似乎都没有机智的争论了。根据汉语及much可知，本空用形容词personal“个人的，私人的”的比较级。故填more personal。
【9题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：意识到这种分歧不会给我们带来任何好处，我立即为自己考虑不端的话而不失尊严地向她道歉，并表示即使晚上我做的晚饭，也主动要把水槽里堆积的盘子清理干净！分析句子结构可知，本空引导让步状语从句，此处表示“即使”，故用even if/though引导。故填even if/though。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：面对一个她无法拒绝的提议，我的妻子善意地提醒我，洗完后别忘了把毛巾擦干。动词forget意为“忘记”。remind sb. not to do sth.“提醒某人不要做某事”。故填not to forget。
(B)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Back then, I was a very nervous new father. I didn’t know ____11____ to feed my son, how hard to pat his back to burp him, or whether it was okay to let him sleep as long as be wants. I bought myself lots of books about parenting, only ____12____ (find) that there were so many new things to learn that I inevitably begun to feel overwhelmed.
My friend May, a soon-to-be mother herself, ____13____ (sense) my anxiety and, to calm me down, texted me one night saying, “No book can be a substitute for your own sensitive contemplation and careful observation. Books can be ____14____ small additional value, but no more. Just listen to your son and he’ll teach you how to be a father.”
That struck me a lot because I grew up in a time when most of the parents, including my own, believed that children ____15____ be seen and not heard. Naturally, I thought he was nothing and only grownups were worth something. The idea ____16____ children do not know anything but will do so, and are not capable of doing anything but will learn, made me live in a permanent state of expectation. For the sake of tomorrow, I failed to respect ____17____ might amuse, sadden, amaze, anger, and interest him today. For the sake of tomorrow, I stole years of his life.
Things changed for me when I got down on my knees, waiting for my son to open up. Once I came down to his level, I found I didn’t even ____18____ ask questions. I just listened. He granted me permission to gaze into his pockets to see all his cherished collections: bird’s feathers, colored stones and oddly-shaped leaves. He also discussed with me about his grand plan to travel to the South Pole with the girl in his class ____19____ happened to want to marry him. We both knew our relationship was built on mutual respect and trust.
Now, seven years later after my son’s birth, I still marvel at May’s simple wisdom. Being there listening to my son has not only rescued ____20____ from “those best parenting books one cannot afford to miss” but also from over-evaluating and over-obsessing about him. Simply put, my son has taught me to be a father. I have affection for what he is today and respect for what he can become in the future. All I need to do is to listen.
【答案】11. how often
12. to find
13. sensed 14. of
15. should 16. that
17. what 18. have to
19. who 20. us
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了我作为一个父亲，为了孩子的成长，学习了很多东西，买了很多书，但是我的朋友总是安慰我说，没有什么书能够替代父母的细心观察和体贴。
【11题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道多久喂一次我的儿子，拍他的背让他打嗝有多用力，或者让他想睡多久就睡多久是否可以。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，此处表示“多久喂一次”，故用how often“多久”。故填how often。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我给自己买了很多关于育儿的书，结果发现有太多新东西要学，我不可避免地开始感到不知所措。动词find意为“发现”。only to do sth.表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。
13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我的朋友May也即将成为母亲，她感受到了我的焦虑，为了让我平静下来，她在一天晚上给我发短信说:“任何书都不能代替你自己敏锐的沉思和仔细的观察。”sense表示“察觉”。根据语境和texted可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故本空用过去式。故填sensed。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：书可能有一点额外的价值，但不会超过这个限度。结合句意和空前的can be可知，本空填介词of，be of表示“有”。故填 of。
【15题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：这让我很震惊，因为在我成长的那个时代，大多数父母，包括我自己的父母，都认为孩子应该被看到，而不是被听到。根据句意和空后的动词原形be可知，此处用表示“应该”的情态动词should。故填should。
【16题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：孩子们什么都不知道，但会去做，什么都做不了，但会去学习，这种想法让我永远生活在一种期待的状态中。分析句子结构可知，本空引导同位语从句，修饰idea，从句不缺少成分和含义，应用that引导。故填that。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：为了明天的缘故，我没有顾及到今天他可能感到有趣、悲伤、惊奇、愤怒和兴趣的东西。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，且从句缺少表示物的主语，故用what引导。故填what。
【18题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：一旦我降到他的水平，我发现我甚至不需要问问题。have to意为“不得不”。根据空前的didn’t可知，本空用动词原形，故用have to。故填have to。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他还和我讨论了他的宏伟计划，要和班上碰巧想嫁给他的那个女孩去南极旅行。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the girl，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
20题详解】
考查代词。句意：陪在儿子身边听他说话，不仅让我们摆脱了“那些不容错过的最好的育儿书”，也让我们避免了对他的过度评价和过度痴迷。结合空前的rescued可知，本空填宾格us“我们”作rescued的宾语。故填us。
III. Vocabulary
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A. advantageous B. programming C. fashion D. fueled AB. advanced AC. sacrifice AD. capped BC. habitually BD. appetite CD. likelihood ABC. unnecessarily
Eating a calorie-rich diet brought us humans a great advantage: time. We spent less of the day obtaining food. We saved countless hours of needless chewing. Instead, we invested time in doing the things that make us human: we started to ____21____ tools, erect structures, share stories, create myths and play games.
Calories made humanity possible. Calories are what ____22____ our big brains. Our calorie-rich diet didn’t reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence. Just because we require calories does not mean our basic ____23____ compels us to over-consume them, for the same reason that requiring oxygen does not compel us to perpetually hyperventilate. Yes, it may be ____24____ to carry extra calories in time of famine, but this assumes an overly simplistic view of our evolutionary past.
Out there in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. To the evolving primate, greater body mass means slower acceleration and a(n) ____25____ in the ability to change speed and direction quickly. Back when we were prey—when our ancestors were ____26____ eaten by big cats, pythons and even eagles—our ability to nimbly start, stop and turn was crucial for survival. To a predator, a fat human was not only easier to spot and easier to catch, it made for a bigger, better meal. To the prey we hunted, a fat human was easier to evade and outrun. Carrying too much fat also increases the ____27____ of injury and death due to the forces and loads involved in maintaining a larger body. To put it in the simple arithmetic of evolutionary fitness, being ____28____ fat didn’t increases an individual’s chances of passing on their genes. It actually reduced them.
As we became more ____29____ there were even more reasons to refrain from overindulgence. Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species. Otherwise, the human species would have died off long ago, if we really were slaves to a never-ceasing _____30_____ for calories.
All of these have left us with the following paradox: Why were humans generally able to resist vastly over-consuming calories up until about fifty years ago
Quoted from Mark Schatzker’s The End of Craving
【答案】21. C 22. D
23. B 24. A
25. AC 26. BC
27. CD 28. ABC
29. AB 30. BD
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要从进化的角度上分析了人类与食物热量的关系。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：相反，我们投入时间做让我们成为人类的事情：我们开始制作工具、搭建结构、分享故事、创造神话和玩游戏。空处应用动词。根据空后的tools并结合常识可知，在人类进化过程中，能够制作工具具有重要意义。fashion意为“制作，使成形”。空前有不定式符号to，所以这里应用动词原形。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词。句意：热量为我们的大脑提供了能量。根据空后的“our big brains”可知，热量给大脑提供能量。空处应用动词。fuel“给……提供燃料，增强”，根据上下文时态可知，这里应该用过去式fueled。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：仅仅因为我们需要热量并不意味着我们的基本编程会迫使我们过度消耗热量，因为需要氧气也不会迫使我们永远过度换气。空处应用名词，作mean后面从句中的主语。根据上文“Our calorie-rich diet didn’t reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence.(我们富含热量的饮食并没有增强我们的进食欲望，它让我们摆脱了食物的束缚。)”可知，富含热量的饮食让人类摆脱了食物的束缚，但没有增强人类的进食欲望，由此可知，我们人类的基本编程不会强迫我们过渡摄入热量。programming意为“编程”，为不可数名词。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：是的，在饥荒时期携带额外的热量可能是有利的，但这是对我们进化历史过于简单化的假设。空处应用形容词，在句中作表语。根据句中的“in time of famine”可知，在饥荒时期携带额外的热量可能有好处。advantageous意为“有好处的，有利的”，为形容词。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：对于进化中的灵长类动物来说，更大的体重指数意味着加速会减缓和牺牲快速改变速度和方向的能力。空处应用名词，和and前的slower acceleration一起作means的宾语。根据上文中的“carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages”可知，体重过高有坏处，所以这里是说体重过高会牺牲快速改变速度和方向的能力。sacrifice意为“牺牲，舍弃”。故选AC。
【26题详解】
考查副词。句意：回到当我们还是猎物的时候——当我们的祖先习惯性地被大型猫科动物、蟒蛇甚至鹰吃掉的时候——我们灵活地启动、停止和转身的能力对生存至关重要。空处应用副词，修饰谓语动词。根据句中的“when we were prey”并结合常识可知，当人类还是其他动物的猎物时，会经常性地被其他动物吃掉。habitually意为“惯常地”，为副词。故选BC。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：携带过多的脂肪也会增加受伤和死亡的可能性，这是由于维持更大身体所需的力量和负荷。根据空前的the可知，空处应用名词，作increases的宾语。根据空后的“of injury and death”可知，这里是说脂肪过多会增加受伤和死亡的可能性。likelihood意为“可能，可能性”，为不可数名词。故选CD。
【28题详解】
考查副词。句意：用进化适应度的简单运算来说，不必要的肥胖并不会增加个体遗传基因的机会。空处应用副词，修饰形容词fat。根据上文中的“Carrying too much fat”可知，这里是在讨论脂肪过多的坏处，所以这里是说不必要的肥胖。unnecessarily意为“不必要地，多余地”，为副词。故选ABC。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：随着我们更加进步，有更多的理由避免过度放纵。空处应用形容词，作表语。根据下文中的“Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species.(食物必须与部落的其他成员共享，然后是村庄，然后是城镇，尤其是与儿童共享，与其他物种相比，儿童对成年人资源的依赖将持续很久。)”可知，人类逐渐有了部落、村庄、城镇，所以这里表示人类进化得更加高级。advanced意为“先进的，高级的”。故选AB。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：否则，如果我们真的是对卡路里永不停止的欲望的奴隶，人类早就灭绝了。空处应用名词，作介词to的宾语。根据空后的“for calories”和前面的“slaves”可知，这里表示对卡路里的欲望。appetite意为“食欲，胃口，强烈欲望”。故选BD。
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A. nesting B. signals C. accessible D. overnight AB. decisively AC. illiterates AD. literally BC. unaware BD. motivated CD. accused ABC. terrifying
The good news is that today’s teenagers are greedy readers and productive writers. The bad news is that what they are reading and writing are text messages.
It’s an unmissable trend. Even if you don’t have teenage kids, you’ll still see other people’s offspring wandering around, their eyes averted, tapping away, totally ____31____ of their surroundings. Take a group of teenagers to see the eight wonders of the world. Chances are that they’ll ____32____ be texting all the way, even if it means missing all those awe-inspiring moments. Show a teenager Jan Vermeer’s The Girl with a Pearl Earring. You might get a quick glance before a buzz ____33____ the arrival of the latest SMS.
Now before I am ____34____ of throwing stones in a glass house, let me confess. I probably send about 50 texts a day, and I receive what seem like 200. But there is difference, I also read books. It’s a quaint old habit I picked up as a kid, in the days before cellphones began ____35____ in the palms of the young.
According to a survey carried about in 2019, half of today’s teenagers don’t read books except when they’re made to. What is more ____36____ to me as a high school teacher is the fact that almost two-thirds of high school freshmen read for pleasure for less than an hour per week. Nearly half of seniors don’t read for pleasure at all.
Why does this matter Because, to some extent, this texting craze can and will produce a large number of cultural____37____ who are cut off from the civilization of their ancestors if we don’t take some necessary measures.
So how can we encourage our teenagers to read books Whether in the classroom or at home, one of the best ways to promote reading is by reading together. Another way to encourage reading is to help teenagers set a goal to read a certain number of books or read books from a certain genre. This will help them stay focused and ____38____ to read. For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook related to football. Or if your child loves going on walks, take along some picture books to read along the way. By making reading more ____39____ and fun, we can foster a love of reading in them.
But don’t expect children to fall in love with reading ____40____. When it comes to reading, trust the process.
【答案】31. BC 32. AD
33. B 34. CD
35. A 36. ABC
37. AC 38. BD
39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在的青少年由于过多地关注手机而忽略了阅读，并且提出了一些鼓励他们读书的方法。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：即使你没有十几岁的孩子，你仍然会看到别人的后代四处游荡，他们的目光转移，轻拍着键盘，完全不知道周围的环境。结合句子结构和句意可知，空处应填形容词unaware“未察觉”在句中作状语。故选BC。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：很可能他们会一直发短信，即使这意味着错过了所有那些令人敬畏的时刻。分析句子可知，空处应用副词literally“真正地，确实地”在句中作状语修饰动词be texting。故选AD。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：你可能会在最新短信到来之前快速浏览一眼。分析句子可知，空出应填动词signal“发信号”在before引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，主语是单数名词a buzz，结合句意和前文的Show可知句子陈述事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：现在，在我被指控向玻璃房子扔石头之前，我认罪。结合句子结构和句意可知，空处应填过去分词accused构成被动语态，be accused of“被指控”。故选CD。
【35题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：这是我小时候养成的一个奇怪的老习惯，在手机开始在年轻人的手掌中筑巢之前的时候。分析句子可知，空处应填动名词在句中作宾语，begin doing“开始做某事”，nest“筑巢”，故选A。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：作为一名高中老师，对我来说更可怕的是，几乎三分之二的高中新生每周以阅读为乐的时间不到一个小时。分析句子可知，空处应填terrifying“令人害怕的”形容词，和more构成比较级，在what引导的主语从句中作表语。故选ABC。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：为什么这很重要？因为，在某种程度上，如果我们不采取一些必要的措施，这种短信热可以也将会产生大量的文化文盲，他们与祖先的文明隔绝。分析句子可知，空处应填复数名词illiterates“文盲”在句中作宾语。故选AC。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这将帮助他们保持专注，并促进他们阅读。分析句子可知，空处应填motivated“有积极性的”在句中和focused并列作表语。故选BD。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：通过让阅读变得更容易、更有趣，我们可以培养他们对阅读的热爱。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词accessible“可使用的，可接近的”在句中作宾语补足语。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：但是，不要指望孩子们会在一夜之间爱上阅读。分析句子可知，空处应填副词overnight“一夜之间”在句中作状语。故选D。
IV. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Facing AI extinction
In a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre couldn’t suppress her laughter at the question: Is it “crazy” to worry that “literally everyone on Earth will die” due to artificial intelligence ____41____, the answer is no.
While AI pioneer such as Alan Turing cautioned that we should expect “machines to take control”, many contemporary researchers ____42____ this concern. In an area of unprecedented growth in AI abilities, why aren’t more expects weighing in
Before the deep-learning revolution in 2012, I didn’t think human-level AI would emerge in my lifetime. I was familiar with arguments that AI systems would insatiably seek power and resist shutdown — and obvious ____43____ to humanity if it were to occur. But I also figured researchers must have good reasons not to be worried about human ____44____ risk (x-risk) from AI.
Yet after 10 years in the field I believe the main reasons are actually cultural and historical. By 2012, after several hype cycles that didn’t pan out, most AI researchers had stopped asking ‘what if we succeed at replicating human intelligence’, ____45____ their ambitions to specific tasks like autonomous driving.
When concerns resurfaced outside their community, researchers were to quick to dismiss outsiders as ____46____ and their worries as science fiction. But in my experience, AI researchers are themselves often ignorant of arguments for AI x-risk.
One basic argument is by analogy: humans’ ____47____ abilities allowed us to out-compete other species for resources, leading to many extinctions. AI systems could likewise deprive us of the resources we need for our survival. Less ____48____, AI could displace humans economically and, through its powers of manipulation, politically.
But wouldn’t it be humans wielding AIs as tools who end up in control Not necessarily. Many people might choose to deploy a system with a 99 per cent chance of making them phenomenally rich and powerful, even if it had a 1 per cent chance of ____49____ their control and killing everyone.
Because no safe experiment can definitively tell us whether an AI system will actually kill everyone, such concerns are often dismissed as unscientific. But this isn’t an excuse for ignoring the risk. It just means society needs to reason about it in the same way as other complex social issues. Researchers also emphasize the difficulty of predicting when AI might ____50____ human intelligence, but this is an argument for caution, not complacency.
Attitudes are changing, but not quickly enough. AI x-risk is admittedly more ____51____ than important social issues with present-day AI, like bias and misinformation, but the basic solution is the same: regulation. A robust public discussion is long overdue. By refusing to engage, some AI researchers are neglecting ____52____ responsibilities and betraying public trust.
Big tech sponsors AI ethics research when it doesn’t hurt the bottom line. But it is also lobbying to exclude general-purpose AI from E. U. regulation. Concerned researchers recently called for a(n) ____53____ in developing bigger AI models to allow society to catch up. Critics say this isn’t politically realistic, but problems like AI x-risk won’t ____54____ just because they are politically inconvenient.
This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech. At some point, society may stop believing reassurances from people with such strong conflicts of ____55____ and conclude, as I have, that their dismissal betrays wishful thinking rather than good counterarguments.
41.
A. Comfortingly B. Unfortunately C. Accidentally D. Luckily
42.
A. express B. feel C. downplay D. highlight
43.
A. threat B. boost C. disgrace D. contribution
44.
A. extinction B. health C. resource D. exposure
45.
A. abandoning B. cherishing C. frustrating D. narrowing
46.
A. arrogant B. irresponsible C. ignorant D. biased
47.
A. cognitive B. physical C. linguistic D. emotional
48.
A deliberately B. abstractly C. frequently D. fundamentally
49.
A. tightening B. exercising C. maintaining D. escaping
50.
A. assist B. surpass C. collect D. evaluate
51.
A. obvious B. urgent C. questionable D. private
52.
A. legal B. financial C. professional D. ethical
53.
A. investment B. pause C. research D. initiative
54.
A. take place B. grow up C. sink in D. go away
55.
A. interest B. religion C. taste D. law
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能是否会带来人类灭绝。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，答案是“不”。A. Comfortingly令人欣慰地；B. Unfortunately不幸运地；C. Accidentally偶然地；D. Luckily幸运的是。上文“In a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre couldn’t suppress her laughter at the question: Is it “crazy” to worry that “literally everyone on Earth will die” due to artificial intelligence (在最近的一次白宫新闻发布会上，新闻秘书Karine Jean-Pierre忍不住笑了起来：担心“地球上的每一个人都会因为人工智能而死”是不是“疯了”？)”指出一个问题：“地球上的每一个人都会因为人工智能而死”是不是“疯了”，下文“the answer is no”对此进行了回答，即“地球上的每一个人都会因为人工智能而死”这不是“疯了”，这说明地球上的每一个人都会因为人工智能而死，由此可知，这是不幸的事情。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管艾伦 图灵(Alan Turing)等人工智能先驱警告称，我们应该期待“机器取得控制权”，但许多当代研究人员淡化了这种担忧。A. express表达；B. feel感觉；C. downplay淡化；D. highlight强调。由下文“In an area of unprecedented growth in AI abilities, why aren’t more expects weighing in ”可知，在人工智能能力空前增长的领域，人们没有更多有关“机器取得控制权”的期望加入进来，由此可推知，人们在淡化“机器会取得控制权”这样的担忧，故选C。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很熟悉这样的论点：人工智能系统会贪得无厌地寻求权力并抵制关闭——如果这种情况发生，将对人类构成明显的威胁。A. threat威胁；B. boost提高；C. disgrace耻辱；D. contribution贡献。由上文“AI systems would insatiably seek power and resist shutdown”可知，人工智能系统会贪得无厌地寻求权力并抵制关闭，如果这种情况发生，将会对人类构成威胁，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我也认为研究人员一定有充分的理由不担心人工智能带来的人类灭绝风险（x风险）。A. extinction灭绝；B. health健康；C. resource资源；D. exposure暴露。由上文“worry that “literally everyone on Earth will die” due to artificial intelligence(担心“地球上的每一个人都会因为人工智能而死”)”和“researchers must have good reasons not to be worried about human”可知，研究人员不担心人工智能所带来的风险会使人类灭绝，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到 2012 年，在经历了几次没有成功的炒作周期之后，大多数人工智能研究人员不再问“如果我们成功复制人类智能会怎样”，而是将他们的野心缩小到自动驾驶等特定任务。A. abandoning遗弃；B. cherishing珍惜；C. frustrating使沮丧；D. narrowing使缩小。由上文“most AI researchers had stopped asking ‘what if we succeed at replicating human intelligence”和下文“their ambitions to specific tasks like autonomous driving.”可知，人工智能研究人员不再关注成功复制人类智能，而是关注到了自动驾驶等特定的小任务，这说明研究人员的野心已经变小了，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当关注重新出现在他们的社区之外时，研究人员很快就把外人斥为无知，把他们的担忧视为科幻小说。A. arrogant傲慢的；B. irresponsible不负责任的；C. ignorant无知的；D. biased有偏见的。由下文“and their worries as science fiction.”和“But in my experience, AI researchers are themselves often ignorant of arguments for AI x-risk.”可知，人工智能研究人员自己对人工智能的x风险的论点一无所知，他们不认为人工智能会有风险，所以当外人对此关注时，他们会认为外人很无知，把他们的担忧视为科幻小说。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个基本的论据是类比：人类的认知能力使我们在资源竞争中胜过其他物种，导致了许多物种的灭绝。A. cognitive认知的；B. physical身体的；C. linguistic语言的；D. emotional情感的。由下文“abilities allowed us to out-compete other species for resources, leading to many extinctions.”和常识可知，人类有认知能力，这区别于动物，认知能力使人们在资源竞争中胜过其他物种，导致了许多物种的灭绝，故选A。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不那么抽象的是，人工智能可以在经济上取代人类，并通过其操纵能力在政治上取代人类。A. deliberately故意地；B. abstractly抽象地；C. frequently频繁地；D. fundamentally根本地。上文“AI systems could likewise deprive us of the resources we need for our survival.”指出人工智能系统同样可能剥夺我们生存所需的资源，下文“AI could displace humans economically and, through its powers of manipulation, politically.”用不那么抽象的、具体的方法来对上文进行了解释，由此可知，此处指不那么抽象的是，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人可能会选择部署一个有99%的几率让他们变得非常富有和强大的系统，即使这个系统有1%的几率逃脱他们的控制，杀死所有人。A. tightening使变紧；B. exercising锻炼；C. maintaining维持；D. escaping逃脱。由上文“Many people might choose to deploy a system with a 99 per cent chance of making them phenomenally rich and powerful, even if it had a 1 per cent chance of”和下文“their control and killing everyone.”可知，这个系统99%的几率让部署该系统的人们变得非常富有和强大，但是也存在一定的风险，即有1%的几率逃脱主人的控制，然后杀死所有人，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还强调了预测人工智能何时超越人类智能的困难，但这是一个谨慎的论据，而不是自满。A. assist帮助；B. surpass胜过；C. collect收集；D. evaluate评估。由上文提出的问题“地球上的每一个人都会因为人工智能而死”，“有1%的几率逃脱主人的控制，然后杀死所有人”和下文“human intelligence”可知，此处与人工智能何时超越人类智能相关，只有人工智能超越人类智能，才会对人类产生威胁。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诚然，人工智能x风险比当今人工智能的重要社会问题（如偏见和错误信息）更值得怀疑，但基本解决方案是一样的：监管。A. obvious显然的；B. urgent紧急的；C. questionable可疑的；D. private私有的。上文“Because no safe experiment can definitively tell us whether an AI system will actually kill everyone, such concerns are often dismissed as unscientific. ”指出因为没有任何安全的实验能够明确地告诉我们人工智能系统是否真的会杀死所有人，所以这种担忧往往被认为是不科学的。结合下文“than important social issues with present-day AI”可知，人工智能x风险（这种担忧往往被认为是不科学的），所以作者认为它比当今人工智能的重要社会问题更值得怀疑，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于拒绝参与，一些人工智能研究人员忽视了道德责任，背叛了公众的信任。A. legal合法的；B. financial金融的；C. professional专业的；D. ethical道德的。由上文“A robust public discussion is long overdue. (早就应该进行强有力的公开讨论了)”和“By refusing to engage, some AI researchers are neglecting”可知，一些人工智能研究人员拒绝参加公开讨论人工智能的风险，这说明他们忽视了道德责任，背叛了公众信任，故选D。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：忧心忡忡的研究人员最近呼吁暂停开发更大的人工智能模型，以便让社会赶上。A. investment投资；B. pause暂停；C. research研究；D. initiative倡议。由下文“to allow society to catch up”可知，为了让社会迎头赶上人工智能的开发步伐，研究人员最近呼吁暂停开发更大的人工智能模型。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：批评人士说，这在政治上是不现实的，但像人工智能x风险这样的问题不会仅仅因为它们在政治上不方便就消失。A. take place发生；B. grow up长大；C. sink in渗透；D. go away离开，消失。由上文“Critics say this isn’t politically realistic, but problems like AI x-risk won’t”可知，暂停开发更大的人工智能模型是不现实的，因为人工智能x风险这样的问题不会仅仅因为它们在政治上不方便就消失，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 在某种程度上，社会可能不再相信那些存在如此强烈利益冲突的人的保证，而是像我一样得出结论：他们的解雇是一厢情愿，而不是好的反驳。A. interest兴趣；利益；B. religion宗教；C. taste品位；D. law法律。上文“This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech.”可知，研究人员可能忽视人工智能x风险的最丑陋的原因：资金，即利益问题，由此可知，社会可能不再相信那些存在如此强烈利益冲突的人的保证，故选A。
(B)
One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions. If you’re anything like me, these probes into your____56____ beliefs will leave you a mumbling mess. I have read enough books and academic essays on feminism to ____57____ a fairly substantial library, and yet as soon as I’m asked to sum it up I started sweating and string together a few ____58____ sentences before loudly shouting ‘because Beyonce’ and running to get another drink.
To save you from this ____59____ fate I have put together a collection of the feminist comebacks I wish I’d thought of in the moment. Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you’re stuck with a drunk man at a party. Because it will come into ____60____.
WHAT EVEN IS ‘FEMINISM ’
Great question! It’s actually something I’m really passionate about. Feminism is a centuries-old social movement fighting for the____61____ of the sexes. Inter-sectional feminists believe that all people are ____62____ to the same rights, and they fight to end all discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, skin colour, ethnicity, religion or lifestyle.
THIS FEMINISM IS POLITICAL ____63____ GONE MAD! CAN’T YOU TAKE A JOKE
Great question! Thanks for checking! You’re mistaken. I love jokes. I’ve got one for you ...
Knock, knock!
Who’s there
Annie.
Annie who
Annie thing you can do I can do for 18.4% less pay!
Ha, ha, ha. But, jokes aside, political correctness gets a bad rap (恶评), but all it really ____64____ is minority groups asking that they not feel marginalized and hurt by everyday conversation or the media. I love comedy - in fact it is one of my favourite things. But I’m afraid that jokes that offend women, people of colour, disabled people, trans people or others in the LGBTQ community just aren’t ____65____ to me at all. Let’s chat when you come up with some better material, preferably something that doesn’t offend my friends!
I’M A MAN AND SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE ALL THIS FEMINISM IS MAN-HATING. CAN MEN BE FEMINISTS
Great questions! I’m sorry that a(n) ____66____ of the feminist movement in the mainstream media has led you to feel this way. Of course men can be feminists.
The sad fact is that we’ve all been socialized from birth to accept sexism as a part of life and, as a result, women can actually be just as ____67____ as men. Institutionalized sexism hurts men as well as women. It tells men that they aren’t allowed to show ____68____, that they have to be successful and powerful in order to succeed, and that they aren’t allowed to like the colour pink!
Feminism is the fight to ____69____ all these things and also to ensure that women are given fundamental human rights like education and reproductive freedom. Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we’d all be so much happier. So even if you’re only joining for purely____70____ reasons, we’d love to have you as a part of the gang!
Quoted from Scarlett Curtis’ Feminists Don’t Wear Pink and Other Lies
56.
A. irrational B. cultural C. spiritual D. political
57.
A. fill B. manage C. access D. construct
58.
A. complicated B. reassuring C. unintelligible D. consistent
59.
A. unknown B. embarrassing C. ultimate D. cruel
60.
A. handy B. shape C. view D. force
61.
A. equality B. battle C. development D. definition
62.
A. attached B. entitled C. restricted D. used
63.
A. LIBERTY B. PERFORMANCE C. CORRECTNESS D. SENSITIVITY
64.
A. boils down to B. steers away from C. takes advantage of D. puts up with
65.
A. offensive B. silly C. flat D. funny
66.
A. update B. misconception C. interpretation D. milestone
67.
A. tough B. realistic C. logical D. sexist
68.
A. emotions B. ambitions C. courage D. aggressiveness
69.
A. promote B. embrace C. overcome D. cultivate
70.
A. noble B. understandable C. obvious D. selfish
【答案】56. D 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. A 61. A 62. B 63. C 64. A 65. D 66. B 67. D 68. D 69. C 70. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要总结了女权主义的定义以及一些关于女权主义的误解。
【56题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你像我一样，这些对你政治信仰的调查只会让你口齿不清。A. irrational非理性的；B. cultural文化的；C. spiritual精神的；D. political政治的。根据上文“One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions.(当你公开宣称自己是女权主义者时，首先发生的一件事就是你开始被问很多问题)”可知是政治信仰问题。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我读过的关于女权主义的书籍和学术论文足够装满一个相当大的图书馆，但当我被要求总结时，我就开始出汗，拼凑出几个听不懂的句子，然后大声喊出“因为碧昂斯”，跑去再拿一杯饮料。A. fill装满；B. manage设法；C. access接近；D. construct建造。根据上文“I have read enough books and academic essays”和后文“a fairly substantial library”指作者读过的关于女权主义的书籍和学术论文足够装满一个相当大的图书馆，故选A。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我读过的关于女权主义的书籍和学术论文足够装满一个相当大的图书馆，但当我被要求总结时，我就开始出汗，拼凑出几个听不懂的句子，然后大声喊出“因为碧昂斯”，跑去再拿一杯饮料。A. complicated复杂的；B. reassuring使人安心的；C. unintelligible不知所云的，莫名其妙的；D. consistent持续的。根据上文“I started sweating and string together a few”以及后文“before loudly shouting ‘because Beyonce’ and running to get another drink”可知，作者总结不出来女权主义，只能拼凑出几个听不懂的句子，然后大声喊出“因为碧昂斯”。故选C。
【59题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让你避免这种尴尬的命运，我收集了一些女权主义者的回归，我希望我当时就能想到这些。A. unknown未知的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. ultimate最终的；D. cruel残忍的。根据上文“sentences before loudly shouting ‘because Beyonce’ and running to get another drink.”可知，此处指因为总结不出来女权主义而导致尴尬的情景。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它迟早会派上用场。A. handy方便的，形容词；B. shape外形；C. view观点；D. force武力。根据上文“Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you’re stuck with a drunk man at a party.(把这张纸撕下来，放在口袋里，下次你在派对上遇到醉鬼的时候就把它拿出来)”可知，随身准备是因为迟早会派上用场。短语come into handy表示“派上用场”。故选A。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：女权主义是一项有几个世纪历史的社会运动，为男女平等而斗争。A. equality平等；B. battle战争；C. development发展；D. definition定义。根据后文“to the same rights, and they fight to end all discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, skin colour, ethnicity, religion or lifestyle”可知，女权主义是为了男女平等而斗争。故选A。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：跨部门女权主义者认为，所有人都有权享有同样的权利，他们为结束所有基于性别、性取向、肤色、种族、宗教或生活方式的歧视而斗争。A. attached附上；B. entitled使享有权利；C. restricted限制；D. used使用。根据后文“to the same rights”指所有人都有权享有同样的权利，故选B。
【63题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种女权主义是政治正确的疯了！A. LIBERTY自由；B. PERFORMANCE表演；C. CORRECTNESS正确性；D. SENSITIVITY敏感。根据后文“political correctness”可知，第一段的观点是女权主义是政治正确。故选C。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，抛开笑话不谈，政治正确的名声很差，但归根结底，这是少数群体要求他们不要被日常对话或媒体边缘化和伤害。A. boils down to归结为；B. steers away from避免，远离；C. takes advantage of利用；D. puts up with忍受。根据后文“is minority groups asking that they not feel marginalized and hurt by everyday conversation or the media”是在总结政治正确归根结底是少数群体要求他们不要被日常对话或媒体边缘化和伤害。故选A。
【65题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我担心那些冒犯女性、有色人种、残疾人、变性人或其他LGBTQ群体的笑话对我来说一点也不好笑。A. offensive无礼的；B. silly愚蠢的；C. flat平的；D. funny好笑的，有趣的。根据上文“I’m afraid that jokes that offend women, people of colour, disabled people, trans people or others in the LGBTQ community”可知，冒犯的他人的笑话一点也不好笑。故选D。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很抱歉主流媒体对女权运动的误解导致了你的这种感觉。A. update更新；B. misconception错误想法；C. interpretation理解；D. milestone里程碑。根据上文“I’M A MAN AND SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE ALL THIS FEMINISM IS MAN-HATING. CAN MEN BE FEMINISTS (我是个男人，有时候我觉得女权主义就是仇视男人。男人可以成为女权主义者吗？)”以及“Of course men can be feminists.(男人当然可以成为女权主义者)”可知，此处指主流媒体对女权运动的误解导致对女权主义的错误想法。故选B。
【67题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可悲的事实是，我们从出生起就被社会化了，接受性别歧视是生活的一部分，因此，女性实际上和男性一样有性别歧视。A. tough艰难的；B. realistic实际的；C. logical逻辑的；D. sexist（尤指对女性）性别歧视者的。根据上文“accept sexism as a part of life and”可知，我们从出生起就被社会化了，接受性别歧视是生活的一部分，因此，女性实际上和男性一样有性别歧视。故选D。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它告诉男人，他们不允许表现出攻击性，他们必须成功和强大才能成功，他们不允许喜欢粉红色！A. emotions情感；B. ambitions抱负；C. courage勇气；D. aggressiveness攻击性。根据后文“that they have to be successful and powerful in order to succeed, and that they aren’t allowed to like the colour pink!”可知，性别歧视告诉男人，他们不允许表现出侵略性，他们必须成功和强大才能成功，他们不允许喜欢粉红色。故选D。
【69题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：女权主义是克服所有这些问题的斗争，也是确保妇女获得基本人权，如教育和生育自由的斗争。A. promote促进；B. embrace拥抱；C. overcome克服；D. cultivate培养。根据后文“and also to ensure that women are given fundamental human rights like education and reproductive freedom”可知，女权主义是克服所有这些问题的斗争。故选C。
【70题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，即使你只是纯粹出于自私的原因加入，我们也希望你能成为我们的一员！A. noble崇高的；B. understandable可理解的；C. obvious明显的；D. selfish自私的。根据上文“Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we’d all be so much happier.(女权主义者真的相信，如果我们生活在一个没有性别压迫的世界里，我们都会快乐得多)”可知，此处指因为自私的原因加入，故选D。
V. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Harry woke at five o’clock the next morning and was too excited and nervous to go back to sleep. He got up and pulled on his jeans because he didn’t want to walk into the station in his wizard’s robes——he’d change on the train. He checked his Hogwarts list again to make sure he had everything he needed, saw that Hedwig was safely shut in her cage and paced the room, waiting for the Dursleys to get up. Two hours later, Harry’s huge, heavy truck had been loaded into the Dursley’s car, Aunt Petunia had talked Dudley into sitting next to Harry and they had set off.
They reached Kind’s Cross at half past ten. Uncle Vernon dumped Harry’s trunk on to a trolley and wheeling it into the station for him. Harry thought this was strangely kind until Uncle Vernon stopped dead, facing the platforms with a nasty grin on his face.
‘Well, there you are, boy. Platform nine - platform ten. Your platform should be somewhere in the middle, but they don’t seem to have built it yet, do they ’
He was quite right, of course. There was a big plastic number nine over one platform and a big plastic number ten over the one next to it, and in the middle, nothing at all.
‘Have a good term,’ said Uncle Vernon with an even nastier smile. He left without another word. Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. Harry’s mouth went rather dry. What on earth was he going to do He was starting to attract a lot of funny looks, because of Hedwig. He’d have to ask someone.
He stopped a passing guard, but didn’t dare mention platform nine and three-quarters. The guard had never heard of Hogwarts and when Harry couldn’t even tell him what part of the country it was in, he started to get annoyed, as though Harry was being stupid on purpose. Getting desperate, Harry asked for the train that left at eleven o’clock, but the guard said there wasn’t one. In the end the guard strode away, muttering about time-wasters. Harry was now trying hard not to panic. According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it; he was stranded in the middle of a station with a trunk he could hardly lift, a pocket full of wizard money and a large owl.
Hagrid must have forgotten to tell him something you had to do, liking tapping the third brick on the left to get into Diagon Alley. He wondered if he should get out his wand and start tapping the ticket box between platforms nine and ten.
Quoted from JK. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
71. Harry woke up so early in the morning probably because he _________.
A. wanted to try on his new jeans B. needed to put Hedwig back in her cage
C. was asked to get prepared beforehand D. looked forward to his new life of Hogwarts
72. The word “panic” in the last but one paragraph might mean “_________”.
A. rage B. fear C. regret D. complain
73. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Uncle Vernon had always treated Harry kindly and cared very much for him.
B. Harry arrived at the train station an hour before the scheduled departure time.
C. The Dursleys were happy to get rid of Harry and see him stuck in embarrassment.
D. Harry completely forgot how to find the way to Platform nine and three-quarters.
【答案】71. D 72. B 73. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一段小说节选。文章讲述了哈利离开姨妈家去霍格沃茨时在火车站的遭遇。
【71题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Harry woke at five o’clock the next morning and was too excited and nervous to go back to sleep. He got up and pulled on his jeans because he didn’t want to walk into the station in his wizard’s robes——he’d change on the train. He checked his Hogwarts list again to make sure he had everything he needed, saw that Hedwig was safely shut in her cage and paced the room, waiting for the Dursleys to get up. (第二天早晨，哈利五点钟就醒了，他既兴奋又紧张，再也睡不着了。他起身穿上牛仔裤，因为他不想穿着巫师袍走进车站——他要在火车上换衣服。他又检查了一遍霍格沃茨的清单，确保他需要的东西都齐全了，看到海德薇被安全地关在笼子里，就在房间里踱来踱去，等着德思礼一家起床。)”和倒数第三段的“ ‘Have a good term,’ said Uncle Vernon with an even nastier smile. (祝你学期愉快。”弗农姨父笑得更难听了)”可以推知，哈利早上醒得这么早是因为他他期待着霍格沃茨的新生活。故选D项。
【72题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句前文“The guard had never heard of Hogwarts and when Harry couldn’t even tell him what part of the country it was in, he started to get annoyed, as though Harry was being stupid on purpose. Getting desperate, Harry asked for the train that left at eleven o’clock, but the guard said there wasn’t one. In the end the guard strode away, muttering about time-wasters. (卫兵从来没有听说过霍格沃茨，当哈利甚至不能告诉他霍格沃茨在这个国家的哪个地方时，他开始生气了，好像哈利是故意犯傻似的。哈利走投无路了，他要求乘坐11点开的火车，但列车员说没有。最后，那个警卫大步走开了，嘴里嘟囔着浪费时间的人。)”和下文“According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it(到站告示牌上的大钟显示，他在10分钟内要登上去霍格沃茨的火车，但他不知道该怎么做)”说明哈利不能和卫兵沟通，要求乘坐的11点火车又没有，且所剩时间不多了，心里有些发慌害怕，从而推知划线词句“Harry was now trying hard not to panic. (哈利现在正努力不让自己害怕。)”其中划线单词意思是“惊慌害怕”。故选B项。
【73题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，根据第五段中“‘Have a good term,’ said Uncle Vernon with an even nastier smile. He left without another word. Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. Harry’s mouth went rather dry. (‘祝你学期愉快。’弗农姨父笑得更难听了。他二话没说就走了。哈利转过身，看见德思礼一家开车走了。他们三个都在笑。哈利的嘴变得很干。)”可知，德思礼一家很高兴摆脱了哈利，却看着他陷入尴尬的境地。故选C项。
(B)
Have you ever heard someone describe themselves an INTJ or an ESTP and wondered what those cryptic-sounding letters could mean What these people are referring to is their personality type based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person’s personality type, strengths, and preferences. The questionnaire was developed by Isabel Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs based on their work with Carl Jung’s theory of personality types. Today, the MBTI inventory is one of the most widely used psychological instruments in the world.
Based on the answers to the questions, people are identified as having one of 16 personality types. No one personality type is “best” or “better” than another. It isn’t a tool designed to look for dysfunction or abnormality. Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. The questionnaire itself is made up of four different scales.
1. Are you outwardly or inwardly focused Extraversion / Introversion
Extroverts are energized by people, enjoy a variety of masks, a quick pace, and good at multitasking while introverts often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time.
2. How do you prefer to take in information Sensing / Intuition
Sensors are realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details, and apply common sense and past experience to figure out practical solutions to problems while intuitives prefer to focus on possibilities and the big picture, easily see patterns and dseek creative solutions to problem.
3. How do you prefer to make decision Thinking / Feeling
Thinkers tend to make decisions using logical analysis, objectively weigh pros and cons, and value honesty, consistency, and fairness while feelers tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how others will be affected by their actions.
4. How do you prefer to live your outer life Judging / Perceiving
Judgers tend to be organized prepared, like to make and stick to plans, and are comfortable following most rules while perceivers prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously, and like to be flexible with making plans.
74. The purpose of MBTI is to help people _________ .
A. better understand their unique features B. find a topic to socialize with others
C. easily put themselves in a fixed category D. self-diagnose mental health issues
75. According to the passage, we can infer that _________.
A. Carl Jung is the co-founder of MBTI test B. MBTI can be used in career planning
C. Some personality types are better than others D. introverts may feel boosted at a party
76. Suppose Eric is an ISFP, his ideal occupation might be a(n) _________.
A entrepreneur B. accountant
C. programmer D. writer
77. This passage might be taken from a _________.
A. psychology textbook B. popular magazine
C. news release D. business report
【答案】74. A 75. B 76. D 77. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上使用最广泛的心理工具之一——MBTI量表。
【74题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person’s personality type, strengths, and preferences. (迈尔斯-布里格斯人格类型指标是一种自我报告量表，旨在确定一个人的人格类型、优势和偏好。)”可知，MBTI的目的是帮助人们更好地了解他们的特点。故选A项。
【75题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. (相反，它的目标是让人们进一步探索和了解自己的个性，包括他们的优点、缺点、可能的职业偏好以及与其他人的兼容性。)”可以推断MBTI可以用于职业规划。故选B项。
【76题详解】
推理判断题。通读1-4条可知，ISFP指Introversion(内向)、Sensing(感知)、Feeling(感觉) 和 Perceiving(理解，知觉)，性格类型是ISFP的人内向、喜欢靠感知接受信息、喜欢凭感觉做决定并且靠理解处理外在生活。且内向、感知能力强的人适合当作家。由此推知ISFP的Eric适合做作家，故选D项。
【77题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段中“Today, the MBTI inventory is one of the most widely used psychological instruments in the world. (今天，MBTI量表是世界上使用最广泛的心理工具之一。)”以及第三段中“Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. (相反，它的目标是让人们进一步探索和了解自己的个性，包括他们的优点、缺点、可能的职业偏好以及与其他人的兼容性。)”可知，本文主要介绍了世界上使用最广泛的心理工具之一——MBTI量表。从而推知，本文来自受欢迎的杂志。故选B项。
(C)
We all know the importance of education. Everyone aspires to have a good one, but its quality and availability is not the same for all. This situation changes as social, economic and political conditions change and technological development provides new benefits and threats.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.
One threat is the widening wealth gap, with more intense pockets of extreme privilege and deprivation. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools aimed to offer everyone equal access to education.
Another trend is the rising affluence in Asia. It’s suggested that a large rise in the middle-classes in China and India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question ”What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools “
Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves. But that can be a challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: “How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values ”
Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who’s going to pay for it all The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be replicated by machines And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet
These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world’s poorest children who don’t even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy.
78. The OECD aims to _________.
A. offer access to education for poor children in developing states
B. strike the imbalance between education equality and economic development
C. promote the economic and social welfare of people worldwide
D. eliminate the threat of the widening gap between rich and poor
79. Which statement is INCORRECT in accordance with the passage
A. The richest 10% earn much more than the poorest 10%
B. The technological development contributes to the trends in education.
C. There is growing demand for better education in China and India.
D. With efforts of OECD, more benefits are given to the privileged.
80. _________ will increase the rise in culturally diverse students in a school classroom.
A. Adequate funding B. Growing migration
C. Social changes D. Political support
81. The passage is entitled _________.
A. OECD’s Threats to Education Systems B. Challenges to Promote Global Education
C. Megatrends in Global Education D. The Rising Demand for Elite Education
【答案】78. C 79. D 80. B 81. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了影响教育未来的几个重要问题，包括财富差距、亚洲中产阶级的崛起、移民对教育系统的影响、资金压力和依赖技术等。
【78题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education.(经济合作与发展组织(OECD)一直在关注全球教育的未来，该组织致力于推动改善全球人民经济和社会福祉的政策。)”可知，经合组织的目标是推动改善全球人民经济和社会福祉的政策。故选C。
【79题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%.(在经合组织国家，最富有的10%的人的收入是最贫穷的10%的人的收入的10倍。)”可知选项A“The richest 10% earn much more than the poorest 10%(最富有的10%比最贫穷的10%挣得多)”是正确的；根据文章第六段“The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be replicated by machines And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet (对技术依赖程度的上升是另一个令人担忧的问题。当他们的许多才能可以被机器复制时，学生应该学习什么？我们应该对网络学习有多依赖？)”可知，选项B“The technological development contributes to the trends in education.(科技的发展促进了教育的发展趋势。)”是正确的；根据文章第四段“Another trend is the rising affluence in Asia. It’s suggested that a large rise in the middle-classes in China and India will increase demand for university places.(另一个趋势是亚洲日益富裕。有人认为，中国和印度中产阶级的大量增加将增加对大学名额的需求。)”可知选项C“There is growing demand for better education in China and India.(中国和印度对更好教育的需求不断增长。)”是正确的。而选项D“With efforts of OECD, more benefits are given to the privileged.(在OECD的努力下，特权阶层得到了更多的好处。)”文章并未提及。故选D。
【80题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves.(不断增加的移民也将对教育系统产生影响。流动性导致更多的多元文化的学生渴望学习和发展自己的美好生活。)”可知，不断增长的移民将增加学校教室中多元文化学生的数量。故选B。
【81题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.(经济合作与发展组织(OECD)一直在关注全球教育的未来，该组织致力于推动改善全球人民经济和社会福祉的政策。其教育负责人Andreas Schleicher一直在谈论影响世界各地教育系统的一些主要国际趋势。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了影响教育未来的几个重要问题，包括财富差距、亚洲中产阶级的崛起、移民对教育系统的影响、资金压力和依赖技术等。所以短文的标题为“促进全球教育的挑战”。故选B。
Section C
Directions: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A-AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps.
(D)
Man’s Existential Dilemma
We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. ____82____ For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his “essence”, something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man’s peculiarity still remained a dilemma. The reason it was never found, as Erich Fromm (艾瑞克·弗洛姆，精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家) put it in an excellent discussion, was that there was no essence, that the essence of man is really his paradoxical(悖论的)nature, the fact that he is half animal and half symbolic.
We might call this existential paradox the condition of individuality within finitude (有限性). Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. ____83____ He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. This immerse expansion, this competence, this self-consciousness gives to man almost the status a small god in nature.
____84____ This is the paradox: he is out of nature and hopelessly in it: he is dual, up in the stars’ and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill-marks to prove it. His body is a material fleshy casing that is alien to him in many ways - the strangest and most unpleasant way being that is aches and bleeds and will decay and die. Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever.
The lower animals are, of course, spared this painful contradiction, as they lack a symbolic identity and the self-consciousness that goes with it. They merely act and move reflexively as they are driven by their instincts. They live in a world without time, pulsating, as it were, in a state of dumb beings. This is what has made it so simple to shoot down whole herds of buffalo or elephants. The animals don’t know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. ____85____
Quoted from Ernest Becker’s The Denial of Death
A. But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one’s dreams makes a huge difference.
B. He is a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity.
C. Man’s body was a curse of fate and culture was built upon repression not because he was a seeker of pleasure, but because he was primarily an avoider of death.
D. Yet at the same time, man is a worm and food for worms.
E. Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.
F. It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape.
【答案】82. F 83. B 84. D 85. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，这篇文章是关于人类存在的困境。人类有一个象征性身份，使他与自然界区别开来。然而，人的身体却是有限的，与他的象征性身份相悖。
【82题详解】
根据前文“We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. (我们一直都知道，人类身上有某种特殊的东西，某种内在的东西使他成为人类的特征，使他与其他动物区别开来。)”可知，此处强调人类身上的某种东西一直使其与动物区分开来。F选项“It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape.(这是一种必须直击他内心深处的东西，一种使他遭受这种特殊命运的东西，一种使他无法逃脱的东西。)”承接前文，继续强调这种让人类与动物区分的东2022-2023学年七宝中学高二上12月测评英语试卷
II. Grammar
(A)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
You know what they say, marriage is like a box of chocolates and you never know what you are gonna get. My wife and I had a “ferocious” argument the other night ____1____ we were watching one episode of the latest season of a reality show called See You Again. Basically, the show was about three couples ____2____ (embark) on an 18-day vacation to try to work out their marital issues in the hope of saving their marriages. For them, it was really a make-it-or-break-it vacation.
____3____ we both agreed on most men’s incompetence in expressing their true feelings in any intimate relationship, my still beloved wife and I failed miserably to see eye to eye on reasons for that. She blamed it on men’s upbringing while I thought it had more to do with the influence of outdated social norms and stereotypes on men.
Our society ____4____ (discourage) emotional expression in men for ages, telling them they can’t shed a tear or show any vulnerability. These outdated ideas about what it means to be a man have messed them up big time. To me, it is no wonder that in the marriage market, the most common type available ____5____ women is the silent but dominant type of men with the whole breadwinner and homemaker roles still ____6____ (stick) in their heads. So when things don’t go that way, of course, they will feel lost.
“Intimidated” by my rigorous logic, my wife purposefully shifted the focus of her argument to ____7____ we two should raise our son and what I could have done better if I had taken her advice seriously.
However, things started to get much ____8____ (personal) when both of us seemed to run out of witty arguments. Realizing this disagreement would lead us nowhere, I wasted no time apologizing to her for my ill-considered words with dignity and offered to clean the plates piling up in the sink ____9____ I cooked dinner that night! Faced with an offer she couldn’t refuse, my wife kindly reminded me ____10____ (not forget) to dry the towel when I was done. Apology accepted, hence case closed.
At the end of the day, I exhibited my vulnerability as requested and she showed her mercy as expected. We just agreed to disagree and lived happily ever after.
(B)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Back then, I was a very nervous new father. I didn’t know ____11____ to feed my son, how hard to pat his back to burp him, or whether it was okay to let him sleep as long as be wants. I bought myself lots of books about parenting, only ____12____ (find) that there were so many new things to learn that I inevitably begun to feel overwhelmed.
My friend May, a soon-to-be mother herself, ____13____ (sense) my anxiety and, to calm me down, texted me one night saying, “No book can be a substitute for your own sensitive contemplation and careful observation. Books can be ____14____ small additional value, but no more. Just listen to your son and he’ll teach you how to be a father.”
That struck me a lot because I grew up in a time when most of the parents, including my own, believed that children ____15____ be seen and not heard. Naturally, I thought he was nothing and only grownups were worth something. The idea ____16____ children do not know anything but will do so, and are not capable of doing anything but will learn, made me live in a permanent state of expectation. For the sake of tomorrow, I failed to respect ____17____ might amuse, sadden, amaze, anger, and interest him today. For the sake of tomorrow, I stole years of his life.
Things changed for me when I got down on my knees, waiting for my son to open up. Once I came down to his level, I found I didn’t even ____18____ ask questions. I just listened. He granted me permission to gaze into his pockets to see all his cherished collections: bird’s feathers, colored stones and oddly-shaped leaves. He also discussed with me about his grand plan to travel to the South Pole with the girl in his class ____19____ happened to want to marry him. We both knew our relationship was built on mutual respect and trust.
Now, seven years later after my son’s birth, I still marvel at May’s simple wisdom. Being there listening to my son has not only rescued ____20____ from “those best parenting books one cannot afford to miss” but also from over-evaluating and over-obsessing about him. Simply put, my son has taught me to be a father. I have affection for what he is today and respect for what he can become in the future. All I need to do is to listen.
III. Vocabulary
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A. advantageous B. programming C. fashion D. fueled AB. advanced AC. sacrifice AD. capped BC. habitually BD. appetite CD. likelihood ABC. unnecessarily
Eating a calorie-rich diet brought us humans a great advantage: time. We spent less of the day obtaining food. We saved countless hours of needless chewing. Instead, we invested time in doing the things that make us human: we started to ____21____ tools, erect structures, share stories, create myths and play games.
Calories made humanity possible. Calories are what ____22____ our big brains. Our calorie-rich diet didn’t reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence. Just because we require calories does not mean our basic ____23____ compels us to over-consume them, for the same reason that requiring oxygen does not compel us to perpetually hyperventilate. Yes, it may be ____24____ to carry extra calories in time of famine, but this assumes an overly simplistic view of our evolutionary past.
Out there in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. To the evolving primate, greater body mass means slower acceleration and a(n) ____25____ in the ability to change speed and direction quickly. Back when we were prey—when our ancestors were ____26____ eaten by big cats, pythons and even eagles—our ability to nimbly start, stop and turn was crucial for survival. To a predator, a fat human was not only easier to spot and easier to catch, it made for a bigger, better meal. To the prey we hunted, a fat human was easier to evade and outrun. Carrying too much fat also increases the ____27____ of injury and death due to the forces and loads involved in maintaining a larger body. To put it in the simple arithmetic of evolutionary fitness, being ____28____ fat didn’t increases an individual’s chances of passing on their genes. It actually reduced them.
As we became more ____29____ there were even more reasons to refrain from overindulgence. Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species. Otherwise, the human species would have died off long ago, if we really were slaves to a never-ceasing _____30_____ for calories.
All of these have left us with the following paradox: Why were humans generally able to resist vastly over-consuming calories up until about fifty years ago
Quoted from Mark Schatzker’s The End of Craving
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A. nesting B. signals C. accessible D. overnight AB. decisively AC. illiterates AD. literally BC. unaware BD. motivated CD. accused ABC. terrifying
The good news is that today’s teenagers are greedy readers and productive writers. The bad news is that what they are reading and writing are text messages.
It’s an unmissable trend. Even if you don’t have teenage kids, you’ll still see other people’s offspring wandering around, their eyes averted, tapping away, totally ____31____ of their surroundings. Take a group of teenagers to see the eight wonders of the world. Chances are that they’ll ____32____ be texting all the way, even if it means missing all those awe-inspiring moments. Show a teenager Jan Vermeer’s The Girl with a Pearl Earring. You might get a quick glance before a buzz ____33____ the arrival of the latest SMS.
Now before I am ____34____ of throwing stones in a glass house, let me confess. I probably send about 50 texts a day, and I receive what seem like 200. But there is difference, I also read books. It’s a quaint old habit I picked up as a kid, in the days before cellphones began ____35____ in the palms of the young.
According to a survey carried about in 2019, half of today’s teenagers don’t read books except when they’re made to. What is more ____36____ to me as a high school teacher is the fact that almost two-thirds of high school freshmen read for pleasure for less than an hour per week. Nearly half of seniors don’t read for pleasure at all.
Why does this matter Because, to some extent, this texting craze can and will produce a large number of cultural____37____ who are cut off from the civilization of their ancestors if we don’t take some necessary measures.
So how can we encourage our teenagers to read books Whether in the classroom or at home, one of the best ways to promote reading is by reading together. Another way to encourage reading is to help teenagers set a goal to read a certain number of books or read books from a certain genre. This will help them stay focused and ____38____ to read. For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook related to football. Or if your child loves going on walks, take along some picture books to read along the way. By making reading more ____39____ and fun, we can foster a love of reading in them.
But don’t expect children to fall in love with reading ____40____. When it comes to reading, trust the process.
IV. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Facing AI extinction
In a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre couldn’t suppress her laughter at the question: Is it “crazy” to worry that “literally everyone on Earth will die” due to artificial intelligence ____41____, the answer is no.
While AI pioneer such as Alan Turing cautioned that we should expect “machines to take control”, many contemporary researchers ____42____ this concern. In an area of unprecedented growth in AI abilities, why aren’t more expects weighing in
Before the deep-learning revolution in 2012, I didn’t think human-level AI would emerge in my lifetime. I was familiar with arguments that AI systems would insatiably seek power and resist shutdown — and obvious ____43____ to humanity if it were to occur. But I also figured researchers must have good reasons not to be worried about human ____44____ risk (x-risk) from AI.
Yet after 10 years in the field, I believe the main reasons are actually cultural and historical. By 2012, after several hype cycles that didn’t pan out, most AI researchers had stopped asking ‘what if we succeed at replicating human intelligence’, ____45____ their ambitions to specific tasks like autonomous driving.
When concerns resurfaced outside their community, researchers were to quick to dismiss outsiders as ____46____ and their worries as science fiction. But in my experience, AI researchers are themselves often ignorant of arguments for AI x-risk.
One basic argument is by analogy: humans’ ____47____ abilities allowed us to out-compete other species for resources, leading to many extinctions. AI systems could likewise deprive us of the resources we need for our survival. Less ____48____, AI could displace humans economically and, through its powers of manipulation, politically.
But wouldn’t it be humans wielding AIs as tools who end up in control Not necessarily. Many people might choose to deploy a system with a 99 per cent chance of making them phenomenally rich and powerful, even if it had a 1 per cent chance of ____49____ their control and killing everyone.
Because no safe experiment can definitively tell us whether an AI system will actually kill everyone, such concerns are often dismissed as unscientific. But this isn’t an excuse for ignoring the risk. It just means society needs to reason about it in the same way as other complex social issues. Researchers also emphasize the difficulty of predicting when AI might ____50____ human intelligence, but this is an argument for caution, not complacency.
Attitudes are changing but not quickly enough. AI x-risk is admittedly more ____51____ than important social issues with present-day AI, like bias and misinformation, but the basic solution is the same: regulation. A robust public discussion is long overdue. By refusing to engage, some AI researchers are neglecting ____52____ responsibilities and betraying public trust.
Big tech sponsors AI ethics research when it doesn’t hurt the bottom line. But it is also lobbying to exclude general-purpose AI from E. U. regulation. Concerned researchers recently called for a(n) ____53____ in developing bigger AI models to allow society to catch up. Critics say this isn’t politically realistic, but problems like AI x-risk won’t ____54____ just because they are politically inconvenient.
This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech. At some point, society may stop believing reassurances from people with such strong conflicts of ____55____ and conclude, as I have, that their dismissal betrays wishful thinking rather than good counterarguments.
41.
A. Comfortingly B. Unfortunately C. Accidentally D. Luckily
42.
A. express B. feel C. downplay D. highlight
43.
A. threat B. boost C. disgrace D. contribution
44.
A. extinction B. health C. resource D. exposure
45.
A. abandoning B. cherishing C. frustrating D. narrowing
46.
A. arrogant B. irresponsible C. ignorant D. biased
47.
A. cognitive B. physical C. linguistic D. emotional
48.
A. deliberately B. abstractly C. frequently D. fundamentally
49.
A. tightening B. exercising C. maintaining D. escaping
50.
A. assist B. surpass C. collect D. evaluate
51.
A. obvious B. urgent C. questionable D. private
52.
A. legal B. financial C. professional D. ethical
53.
A investment B. pause C. research D. initiative
54.
A. take place B. grow up C. sink in D. go away
55.
A. interest B. religion C. taste D. law
(B)
One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions. If you’re anything like me, these probes into your____56____ beliefs will leave you a mumbling mess. I have read enough books and academic essays on feminism to ____57____ a fairly substantial library, and yet as soon as I’m asked to sum it up I started sweating and string together a few ____58____ sentences before loudly shouting ‘because Beyonce’ and running to get another drink.
To save you from this ____59____ fate I have put together a collection of the feminist comebacks I wish I’d thought of in the moment. Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you’re stuck with a drunk man at a party. Because it will come into ____60____.
WHAT EVEN IS ‘FEMINISM ’
Great question! It’s actually something I’m really passionate about. Feminism is a centuries-old social movement fighting for the____61____ of the sexes. Inter-sectional feminists believe that all people are ____62____ to the same rights, and they fight to end all discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, skin colour, ethnicity, religion or lifestyle.
THIS FEMINISM IS POLITICAL ____63____ GONE MAD! CAN’T YOU TAKE A JOKE
Great question! Thanks for checking! You’re mistaken. I love jokes. I’ve got one for you ...
Knock, knock!
Who’s there
Annie.
Annie who
Annie thing you can do I can do for 18.4% less pay!
Ha, ha, ha. But, jokes aside, political correctness gets a bad rap (恶评), but all it really ____64____ is minority groups asking that they not feel marginalized and hurt by everyday conversation or the media. I love comedy - in fact it is one of my favourite things. But I’m afraid that jokes that offend women, people of colour, disabled people, trans people or others in the LGBTQ community just aren’t ____65____ to me at all. Let’s chat when you come up with some better material, preferably something that doesn’t offend my friends!
I’M A MAN AND SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE ALL THIS FEMINISM IS MAN-HATING. CAN MEN BE FEMINISTS
Great questions! I’m sorry that a(n) ____66____ of the feminist movement in the mainstream media has led you to feel this way. Of course men can be feminists.
The sad fact is that we’ve all been socialized from birth to accept sexism as a part of life and, as a result, women can actually be just as ____67____ as men. Institutionalized sexism hurts men as well as women. It tells men that they aren’t allowed to show ____68____, that they have to be successful and powerful in order to succeed, and that they aren’t allowed to like the colour pink!
Feminism is the fight to ____69____ all these things and also to ensure that women are given fundamental human rights like education and reproductive freedom. Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we’d all be so much happier. So even if you’re only joining for purely____70____ reasons, we’d love to have you as a part of the gang!
Quoted from Scarlett Curtis’ Feminists Don’t Wear Pink and Other Lies
56.
A. irrational B. cultural C. spiritual D. political
57.
A. fill B. manage C. access D. construct
58.
A. complicated B. reassuring C. unintelligible D. consistent
59.
A. unknown B. embarrassing C. ultimate D. cruel
60.
A. handy B. shape C. view D. force
61
A. equality B. battle C. development D. definition
62.
A. attached B. entitled C. restricted D. used
63.
A. LIBERTY B. PERFORMANCE C. CORRECTNESS D. SENSITIVITY
64.
A. boils down to B. steers away from C. takes advantage of D. puts up with
65.
A. offensive B. silly C. flat D. funny
66.
A. update B. misconception C. interpretation D. milestone
67.
A. tough B. realistic C. logical D. sexist
68.
A. emotions B. ambitions C. courage D. aggressiveness
69.
A. promote B. embrace C. overcome D. cultivate
70.
A. noble B. understandable C. obvious D. selfish
V. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Harry woke at five o’clock the next morning and was too excited and nervous to go back to sleep. He got up and pulled on his jeans because he didn’t want to walk into the station in his wizard’s robes——he’d change on the train. He checked his Hogwarts list again to make sure he had everything he needed, saw that Hedwig was safely shut in her cage and paced the room, waiting for the Dursleys to get up. Two hours later, Harry’s huge, heavy truck had been loaded into the Dursley’s car, Aunt Petunia had talked Dudley into sitting next to Harry and they had set off.
They reached Kind’s Cross at half past ten. Uncle Vernon dumped Harry’s trunk on to a trolley and wheeling it into the station for him. Harry thought this was strangely kind until Uncle Vernon stopped dead, facing the platforms with a nasty grin on his face.
‘Well, there you are, boy. Platform nine - platform ten. Your platform should be somewhere in the middle, but they don’t seem to have built it yet, do they ’
He was quite right, of course. There was a big plastic number nine over one platform and a big plastic number ten over the one next to it, and in the middle, nothing at all.
‘Have a good term,’ said Uncle Vernon with an even nastier smile. He left without another word. Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. Harry’s mouth went rather dry. What on earth was he going to do He was starting to attract a lot of funny looks, because of Hedwig. He’d have to ask someone.
He stopped a passing guard, but didn’t dare mention platform nine and three-quarters. The guard had never heard of Hogwarts and when Harry couldn’t even tell him what part of the country it was in, he started to get annoyed, as though Harry was being stupid on purpose. Getting desperate, Harry asked for the train that left at eleven o’clock, but the guard said there wasn’t one. In the end the guard strode away, muttering about time-wasters. Harry was now trying hard not to panic. According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it; he was stranded in the middle of a station with a trunk he could hardly lift, a pocket full of wizard money and a large owl.
Hagrid must have forgotten to tell him something you had to do, liking tapping the third brick on the left to get into Diagon Alley. He wondered if he should get out his wand and start tapping the ticket box between platforms nine and ten.
Quoted from JK. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
71. Harry woke up so early in the morning probably because he _________.
A. wanted to try on his new jeans B. needed to put Hedwig back in her cage
C. was asked to get prepared beforehand D. looked forward to his new life of Hogwarts
72. The word “panic” in the last but one paragraph might mean “_________”.
A. rage B. fear C. regret D. complain
73. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Uncle Vernon had always treated Harry kindly and cared very much for him.
B. Harry arrived at the train station an hour before the scheduled departure time.
C. The Dursleys were happy to get rid of Harry and see him stuck in embarrassment.
D. Harry completely forgot how to find the way to Platform nine and three-quarters.
(B)
Have you ever heard someone describe themselves an INTJ or an ESTP and wondered what those cryptic-sounding letters could mean What these people are referring to is their personality type based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person’s personality type, strengths, and preferences. The questionnaire was developed by Isabel Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs based on their work with Carl Jung’s theory of personality types. Today, the MBTI inventory is one of the most widely used psychological instruments in the world.
Based on the answers to the questions, people are identified as having one of 16 personality types. No one personality type is “best” or “better” than another. It isn’t a tool designed to look for dysfunction or abnormality. Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. The questionnaire itself is made up of four different scales.
1. Are you outwardly or inwardly focused Extraversion / Introversion
Extroverts are energized by people, enjoy a variety of masks, a quick pace, and good at multitasking while introverts often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time.
2. How do you prefer to take in information Sensing / Intuition
Sensors are realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details, and apply common sense and past experience to figure out practical solutions to problems while intuitives prefer to focus on possibilities and the big picture, easily see patterns and dseek creative solutions to problem.
3. How do you prefer to make decision Thinking / Feeling
Thinkers tend to make decisions using logical analysis, objectively weigh pros and cons, and value honesty, consistency, and fairness while feelers tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how others will be affected by their actions.
4. How do you prefer to live your outer life Judging / Perceiving
Judgers tend to be organized prepared, like to make and stick to plans, and are comfortable following most rules while perceivers prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously, and like to be flexible with making plans.
74. The purpose of MBTI is to help people _________ .
A. better understand their unique features B. find a topic to socialize with others
C. easily put themselves in a fixed category D. self-diagnose mental health issues
75. According to the passage, we can infer that _________.
A. Carl Jung is the co-founder of MBTI test B. MBTI can be used in career planning
C. Some personality types are better than others D. introverts may feel boosted at a party
76. Suppose Eric is an ISFP, his ideal occupation might be a(n) _________.
A. entrepreneur B. accountant
C. programmer D. writer
77. This passage might be taken from a _________.
A. psychology textbook B. popular magazine
C. news release D. business report
(C)
We all know the importance of education. Everyone aspires to have a good one, but its quality and availability is not the same for all. This situation changes as social, economic and political conditions change and technological development provides new benefits and threats.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.
One threat is the widening wealth gap, with more intense pockets of extreme privilege and deprivation. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools aimed to offer everyone equal access to education.
Another trend is the rising affluence in Asia. It’s suggested that a large rise in the middle-classes in China and India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question ”What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools “
Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves. But that can be a challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: “How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values ”
Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who’s going to pay for it all The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be replicated by machines And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet
These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world’s poorest children who don’t even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy.
78. The OECD aims to _________.
A. offer access to education for poor children in developing states
B. strike the imbalance between education equality and economic development
C. promote the economic and social welfare of people worldwide
D. eliminate the threat of the widening gap between rich and poor
79. Which statement is INCORRECT in accordance with the passage
A. The richest 10% earn much more than the poorest 10%
B. The technological development contributes to the trends in education.
C. There is growing demand for better education in China and India.
D. With efforts of OECD, more benefits are given to the privileged.
80 _________ will increase the rise in culturally diverse students in a school classroom.
A. Adequate funding B. Growing migration
C. Social changes D. Political support
81. The passage is entitled _________.
A. OECD’s Threats to Education Systems B. Challenges to Promote Global Education
C. Megatrends in Global Education D. The Rising Demand for Elite Education
Section C
Directions: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A-AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps.
(D)
Man’s Existential Dilemma
We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. ____82____ For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his “essence”, something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man’s peculiarity still remained a dilemma. The reason it was never found, as Erich Fromm (艾瑞克·弗洛姆，精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家) put it in an excellent discussion, was that there was no essence, that the essence of man is really his paradoxical(悖论的)nature, the fact that he is half animal and half symbolic.
We might call this existential paradox the condition of individuality within finitude (有限性). Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. ____83____ He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. This immerse expansion, this competence, this self-consciousness gives to man almost the status a small god in nature.
____84____ This is the paradox: he is out of nature and hopelessly in it: he is dual, up in the stars’ and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill-marks to prove it. His body is a material fleshy casing that is alien to him in many ways - the strangest and most unpleasant way being that is aches and bleeds and will decay and die. Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever.
The lower animals are, of course, spared this painful contradiction, as they lack a symbolic identity and the self-consciousness that goes with it. They merely act and move reflexively as they are driven by their instincts. They live in a world without time, pulsating, as it were, in a state of dumb beings. This is what has made it so simple to shoot down whole herds of buffalo or elephants. The animals don’t know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. ____85____
Quoted from Ernest Becker’s The Denial of Death
A. But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one’s dreams makes a huge difference.
B. He is a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity.
C. Man’s body was a curse of fate and culture was built upon repression not because he was a seeker of pleasure, but because he was primarily an avoider of death.
D. Yet at the same time, man is a worm and food for worms.
E. Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.
F. It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape.
VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
86. 在一个快乐往往与消费紧密结合的世界里，人们很难不对物件产生过度的依恋。(integrate; attachment) (汉译英)
87. 尽管成千上万双眼睛盯着她，她仍然不看笔记就发表了一篇关于保护濒危物种免遭灭绝的精彩演讲。(fix; refer) (汉译英)
88. 直到大学毕业，找到第一份工作，我才发现自己对上海周一早高峰时段高架路过敏。(Not until) (汉译英)
89. 为了写出有价值的影评，一个合格的影评人除了要对电影有不朽的热情外，还应该对表演有大致的了解。(knowledge) (汉译英)
