牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1Past and Present词汇讲练（无答案）

八年级下册 Unit 1
Vocabulary
【学习目标】 学习并灵活运用本单元词汇。
【基础、要点部分】
past 作名词，意为“过去”，还可作介词、形容词和副词，可用于以下情况：
in the past (n.) （用于一般过去时）
half past five (prep.)
in the past three years (adj.) （用于现在完成时）
walk past (adv.)
写信好像已是昔日的事情了。 _______________________________________________
在过去20年里常熟改变了很多。 _______________________________________________
present 作名词，意为“现在，目前”。at present 目前
present 还可用作形容词，意为“目前的”。如：your present job
present用作名词，还可表示“礼物”。如：a birthday present
present用作动词，意为“颁发”。如：present him with a gold medal= present a gold medal to him
忘记过去，活在当下。_______________________________________________
just 作副词，意为“刚才”，常与完成时连用，_____________意为“刚才”，和过去时连用。
( )—What _______ Candy_______ just now –Sorry, I didn’t hear it. I ________ up the phone.
was; saying; was picking B. did; say; was picking
C. does; say; am picking D. did; say; pick
我刚刚收到表妹的来信。_______________________________________________
used to意为“过去常常”，其后跟动词原形，表示过去的习惯，经常发生的动作或状态。
否定形式是usedn’t to或didn’t use to; 疑问句式是Used… to… 或 Did…use to…
be/get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。
be used to do sth.是被动语态，意为“被用来做某事”。也可用be used for doing sth.
( ) Students used to _________ information from newspapers or magazines, but now they are used to __________ for it on the Internet directly.
get; search B. get; searching C. getting; searching D. getting; search
( ) The life we were used to ____________ since smart phones rushed in.
has changed B. changed C. changes D. changing
( ) I will never forget the town in which there__________ a clean river and many big tall trees.
used to be B. used to have C. was used to being D. was used to having
妈妈过去常常开车上班，但是现在她习惯于走路因为她想保持健康。
________________________________________________________________
她过去常骑自行车去博物馆吗？
________________________________________________________________
since 作连词，意为“自…以来”，后跟时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
since 还可作介词，后跟时间点/具体时间，表示“自…以来”，用来说明动作的起始时间。
for +时间段，用来说明动作延续的时间长度，因此句中谓语动词也是延续性动词。
自从共享单车出现以来，对我来说上班容易多了。
________________________________________________________________
叔叔自1990年起就在这家工厂上班。
________________________________________________________________
我借这本书三周了，今天必须还了。______________________________________________
ever作副词，意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时的疑问句中，也可用于肯定句。
ever since = since then 自那时起
你曾写过申请函吗？不，从来没有。______________________________________________
这是我曾看过的最最漂亮的画。______________________________________________
northern作形容词，意为“北方的，北部的”
在中国北方in the ________ of China = in the _____________ part of China = in _________ China
married作形容词，意为“已婚的，结婚的”，其动词形式是_____________, 名词是marriage
①marry sb./ get married to sb.表示动作，意为“和某人结婚”，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
②be married (to sb.)表示状态，能和表示一段时间的状语连用，用于完成时态中。
结婚以来，他们已经参观过许多名胜古迹了。____________________________________________
我的祖父母已经结婚50年了。______________________________________________
over作介词，意为“在…期间”如：over the years; over /in/during the past few years
over作介词，还可意为“在…上方；越过；遍及；超过; 从一边到另一边”
如：over the river; fly over a mountain; all over the world; over two hours； run over the grass
over作副词，意为“翻转；结束” 如：turn over; be over
会议已经结束十分钟了。______________________________________________
turn… into…“把…变成”
他们计划把这个地方变成一家现代化的医院。___________________________________________
关于turn的动词短语：turn on /off/ up/ down/ around/out (结果是，证明是)
pollution作不可数名词，意为“污染”，如：air pollution; water pollution
其动词形式是____________, 形容词形式是_____________ What can we do to cut down air __________
waste作不可数名词, 意为“废料，废品”
政府应该阻止工厂把废弃物排入湖中。_________________________________________________
waste作名词时，常用于短语a waste of …（浪费…）如：It’s a waste of time talking to him.
waste作动词，意为“浪费”，如：Please don’t waste water.
waste作形容词，意为“废弃的，无用的”，如：Throw the waste paper into the rubbish bin.
realize意为“意识到，实现”, 后可直接接名词或代词作宾语，还可以接that或疑问词引导的宾语从句。
意识到他的问题/错误/实现他的梦想_________________________________________
我没有意识到你是那么不开心。_________________________________________
improve意为“改进，改善”，名词形式是improvement
improve可作及物动词，如：提高我的英语口语________________________
也可作不及物动词，如：Don’t expect it to improve overnight. （不要指望这事一下子就改善了。）
in some ways “在某种程度上”
在某种程度上，我们的生活越来越好了。______________________________________________
关于way的常用短语：on one’s way to; lose one’s way; by the way; in no way（绝不）；
in one’s/the way（挡路）
before作副词，意为“以前，过去”，常用于完成时。ago前要加一段时间，用于一般过去时。
以前我从未读过如此有趣的小说。____________________________________________________
火车五分钟之前离开了。____________________________________
辨析lonely, alone
lonely 形容词 “寂寞的，孤单的” 强调人内心的感受, 可以作表语或定语
“偏僻的，荒凉的，人迹罕至的” 只能在名词前作定语
alone 形容词或副词 “单独，独自 作形容词时，通常用形容词 作表语或宾语补足语，不能作前置定语
作副词时，常修饰动词作状语
Living in a big city can make people feel________ sometimes. 生活在大城市有时会让人感到寂寞。
She lives in a _______ mountain village. 她生活在一个偏僻的山村。
I never feel_______when I am alone. 我一个人时从不感到寂寞。
The old man lives______on the hill. 那个老人独自一人在山上居住。
from time to time = sometimes = at times “不时，有时，偶尔”
我有时感到很累。我怎么了？
_______________________________________________________
anyway作副词，意为“尽管，即使这样，无论如何，不管怎样”，一般放在句首或句尾。
我觉得他们不需要帮助，但不管怎样，我觉得应该提供一些。
__________________________________________________________________________
--Will you go to the sports center tomorrow –It may rain, but I shall go there ____________.
interview作名词和动词，意为“采访，会见”， interviewer指“采访者，面试官”，interviewee 指“参加面试者，被接见者”。采访某人__________________ = _________________________
all one’s life 意为“一生”，作时间状语时，谓语动词常用现在完成时。
我祖父母一辈子都生活在农村。______________________________________________________
yet作副词，是现在完成时的标志，用于否定句句末，意为“还，仍”，用于疑问句句末，意为“已经”。_________意为“已经”，用于陈述句。现在完成时的一般疑问句可用not yet作简略的否定回答。
我还没有完成作业。____________________________________________
你已经看过这部电影了吗？还没有。
________________________________________________
recently作副词，意为“近来，最近”，常用于现在完成时。
形容词形式是recent，如：Can you say anything about your recent work
你近来收到你叔叔的信了吗？_____________________________________________
condition意为“（居住、工作或做事情的）环境，境况，条件”或“（影响某事发生的）物质环境，状态，条件” 讲时，通常用复数。如：living / housing / working conditions
& The plants grow best in cool conditions.
作“状况”讲时不可数。如：in good / bad/ excellent condition
这架钢琴状况良好。________________________________________
父母总是给孩子提供好的生活条件。
___________________________________________________
return作vi，意为“返回”，相当于go/come back, 后接表示地点的名词时要用介词to或from。后接表示地点的副词时不用介词。return不能和back连用。
return作vt, 意为“归还”，相当于give back。return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb.
汤姆上个月向我借了一本词典，但是到现在还没归还。
_____________________________________________
她昨天晚上六点下班回家。
__________________________________________________________
last作副词，意为“最近，上一次，最后”，常见短语为at last，意为“最后，终于”。
last 作形容词，意为“最后的，最近的”；作动词，意为“持续”。
最后，他们到达了山顶。_____________________________________________________
过去几年里她一直住在这里。_________________________________________________
这场雪还要持续三天。_______________________________________________________
abroad作副词，意为“在国外，到国外”，前面不加介词。常用短语为be / go/ live/ travel abroad
我表妹想去国外深造。_________________________________________
keep in touch with sb.表示“与某人保持联系”，还可以用stay in touch, 反义短语为lose touch
你可以通过电子邮件和他们保持联系。_______________________________________________
communicate作动词，意为“交流，交际”。“与某人交流”____________________, 名词形式是_______________。
微信使我们彼此交流更简单。____________________________________________
我觉得你们需要更多的交流。____________________________________________
open space “开阔的空地”，是可数名词。space还可意为“太空，空间”，是不可数名词，如：travel in space，make space for an extra chair (腾个空再放一把椅子)
那张桌子占的地方太大。___________________________________________
在这个城市，你找不到任何大的开阔的空地了。________________________________________
【拓展巩固部分】
Test1
1. At ____________(现在，目前)，we can fly to Seoul from Yancheng.
2.We can’t forget the poor life in the____________ (过去).
3. Most of the students like to ____________ (交流) with each other by QQ or WeChat.
4. He has changed. He____________ (曾经) to be so kind to his wife.
5. In big cities, people often go to work by ____________ (地铁). It’s fast and cheap.
6. We have lived here____________ (自从) my father began to work in this city.
7. Tom and Linda have been___________ (已婚的) for ten years, but they've never quarreled.
8. Xuzhou is in the_______________ (北部的) part of Jiangsu Province.
9. Now there are a number of_______________ (工厂) in our hometown.
10.How many_________________ (街区) are there in your hometown -About ten.
11. We must stop driving cars to reduce air____________ (污染) in the cities.
12. You will_____________ (意识到) the mistake you made today in the future.
13. The woman’s_____________ (丈夫) drives her to work every day.
14. Sally became a member of the company after the job____________（面试）．
15. Though he lives alone, he has a lot of friends and doesn’t feel______________ (孤独).
16. I have only started to learn French_____________ (近来)．
17．- Has the train arrived______________ (还，仍) - Yes, it arrived ten minutes ago.
18. Most of the _____________ (废料) goes into the river from the factories nearby.
19. There have been great_____________ (改变) in America since I left there.
20. No country has made such great progress as China in the__________ (过去的) thirty years.
21. It's our duty to protect our________________ (环境)．
22. You should________________ (归还) the books to the library as soon as possible.
23. Our study_______________ (条件) is much better than before.
24. I want to go________________ (在国外) for further study.
25. They have been good friends since they were in______________ (小学) school.
26. It's uncomfortable to live in the low and____________ (狭窄的) house.
27. We need a large open______________(空地) to play football.
28. Now many middle school students have their_____________ (自己的) mobile phones.
29. I am looking for my new English book_______________(到处)．
30. Most people feel happy because the changes have brought them a _______ (富有的) life.
31. Mr. Wang’s ______________(妻子) is a doctor in Children’s Hospital.
32. The college students will face a difficult ____________ (形势，状况) when they graduate(毕业).
33. Have you heard that there will be an _______________ (采访) with the new chairperson on TV
34. You mean Dad is unhappy with what I said just now ______________(没错，的确是).
35. I have never read such an interesting novel _______________ (以前).
Test2
Venice is considered to be one of the most 1 (beauty) cities in the world. It has been known as the "City of Canals", "City of Bridges", and "City of Water". The city is made up of about 100 2 (island), 150 canals, and 400 bridges. There 3 (be) no roads in the city, so there are no cars. The only forms of transportation are by water and 4 foot. There are roads, a train station, 5 an airport at the edge（边缘）of the city. One of the famous symbols of Venice is a "gondola". Gondolas are still used today, though 6 (main) by tourists. All Venetian gondolas are painted black—it was a law that was passed in the 7 (sixteen) century. Most Venetians travel by water buses called "Vaporetti". Venice has one of the world’s most famous bridges 8 (call) the Rialto Bridge, built in 1591.
Venezuela, a country in South 9 (American), means "little Venice". This is because the early European visitors to Venezuela first met the local people who lived in homes built over the water, reminding 10 (they) of Venice.
1. _________ 2._________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7._________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________