Unit 11
定义:一般过去时常表示在过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday ,in 1990, two days ago, just now,last night。
(1)一般过去时肯定式:主语+be动词/行为动词过去式+其他.
My uncle flew to London last week. 我叔叔上星期坐飞机去了伦敦。
(2)否定句:① 主语+ was/were + not +其他.
② 主语 +didn't +动词原形 +其它成分。
They weren't here just now.刚才他们没有在这儿。
Jim didn't go to school last Friday.上星期五吉姆没有去上学。
一般疑问句:① Was/Were +主语+其他?
肯定回答:Yes ,主语 + was/were。
否定回答: No ,主语 + wasn’t/weren’t。
② Did +主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes ,主语 + did。
否定回答: No ,主语 + didn't。
Were you at home this morning 今天上午你在家吗?
---Did your brother play computer games last Sunday?你哥哥上周日玩电脑游戏了吗?
--- Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.是的,他玩了。/ 不,他没玩。
(4)特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ did + 主语+谓语+其它? What did the farmer say
How was the school trip What didi they do
在含be动词的句式中,主语是第一、三人称单数形式时用was;其他人称用were。
规则动词的过去式的变化规则:
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,如: clean → cleaned, visit → visited。
(2) 以不发音的e结尾的动词在词尾加-d,如: live → lived, change → changed。
(3) 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed,如: stop → stopped, plan → planned。
(4) 末尾是“辅音字母+ y”的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed,如: study → studied, carry → carried。
1. milk
(1)milk 作名词,意为“牛奶”,是不可数名词。a glass of milk I’d like a cup of milk. 我想要杯牛奶。
(2)milk 作动词,意为“挤奶”。I helped the farmer (to) milk the cow. 我帮助农民挤奶。
cow n. 奶牛,母牛;母兽 cows milk a cow给奶牛挤奶
---Did you see any cows 你见到奶牛了吗
---Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot. 我见到了而且见到了很多很多
Did you see any cows 此句是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句,用于询问过去发生的动作或事情。句式是“Did+主语+动词原形+其他成分?”。一定要注意,一般过去时的一般疑问句,无论主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数,都要用助动词did提问。用did提问时谓语动词要用原形。一般过去时的一般疑问句的肯定答语为“Yes,主语+did.”;否定回答为“No, 主语+didn’t.”。
-Did you do your homework yesterday 昨天你做作业了吗?
-Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 是的,我做了。/ 没有,我没做。
-Did she go to bed 她上床睡觉了吗?
-Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 是的,她上床睡觉了。/不,她没有上床睡觉。
horse n. 马 horses ride a horse骑马
feed v.(fed/fed)喂养;饲养
feed 作及物动词,意为“喂养,饲养”,其后常接表示动物名称的词作宾语。feed chickens喂鸡
My father’s job is to feed the animals. 我父亲的工作是喂养动物。
拓展:(1)feed..to…意为“把……喂给……吃”。feed后接饲料或者食物名称做宾语,to为介词,其后一般接动物或者小孩等名词表示对象。
Please feed some grass to the cow. 请给这头奶牛喂些草。
She fed milk to the baby. 她给婴儿喂了奶。
feed the cat with fish用......喂......
(2)feed 可以做不及物动词,意为“食,吃”(主要指动物),与介词on构成词组,意为“以……为食,靠……为生”。Sheep feed on grass. 绵羊以草为食。
5. farmer n.农民;农场主talk with a farmer 与农民交谈
What did the farmer say 本句是一般过去时的特殊疑问句,句子的结构是“特殊疑问词+ did + 主语+谓语+其它?”。
特殊疑问词可以根据实际情况选择需要的词,例如对地点提问用where,对时间提问用when等。助动词did后面的谓语动词要用原形,did没有人称和数的使用限制。回答时,要根据问句回答具体的内容。-When did you go there 你什么时候去的哪儿?-About seven o’clock. 大约7点钟。
-How did you go there 你们怎么去的那儿?-By bus. 坐公共汽车。
6. quite adv.相当;完全quite a lot(of…)许多
Did you see any cows Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.
quite语气比very弱,常用于“quite a/an +可数名词单数的结构中。
It’s quite a good idea. 那真是个好主意。
very语气比quite强,多用于褒义形容词前,常用于“a very+可数名词单数”结构中。
Li Ming is a very good student. 李明是个非常好的学生。
anything 不定代词,意为“任何事情,任何东西”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,
在肯定句中常用something。something, anything作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
I can’t see anything in the box. 盒子里我看不到任何东西。
Is there anything in the box 盒子里有一些东西吗?
grow v.种植;生长;发育 grow apples 种苹果 grow up 成长,长大 过去式grew
farm n.农场 v.务农 My father learned a lot about farming. show sb. around sp. 带某人逛某地show sb. around the farm learn a lot 学到许多
pick v.采;摘pick some strawberries 摘草莓
pick意为“采,摘”,常用于词组“pick up”,意为“拾起,捡起”, 当宾语为代词时,宾语应放在pick和up中间;当宾语为名词时,宾语可放中间,也可放在后面。
There is a pen on the playground, please pick it up. 地上有一支笔,请捡起它。
Bob stopped to pick up a watch. = Bob stopped to pick a watch up.Bob停下来,捡起来地上的一块手表。
拓展:pick up意为“搭载,开车去接”。
The bus stopped and picked up some passengers.公共汽车停下来,搭载了一些乘客。
Please wait at the school gate. John will pick you up there.请在校门口等候, 约翰会到那里接你。
excellent adj. an excellent idea
---Hi, Eric, How was your trip last week 你好,Eric,上周旅游怎么样?
---It was excellent. I visited my grandparents in the countryside.精彩极了,我还去乡下看望了爷爷奶奶。
countryside .乡村;农村 in the countryside在乡下;在农村
yesterday adv.昨天 today tomorrow
How was your trip yesterday
(1)本句为询问某事情况的常用句型,其中was是be动词的过去式,如果询问当前的情况则be动词用is。其答语常用:It was great! (好极了) / It was OK.(还可以)/ It wasn’t good.(不好。)/ All right.(很好。)/ It was not bad.(还不错。)等。
-How was her holiday?她的假期过得怎么样?-It was not bad. 还不错。
(2)How是疑问副词,意为“如何,怎样”,常用来引导特殊疑问句来询问方式、程度、状况等。常用于以下交际用语中:
1)How is/are +sb. 用来询问人的身体、工作、学习或生活等的状况。
-How are you 你好吗?-Fine, thank you. 好,谢谢。
2)How is/are +sth. 用来询问某物或者某事的状况如何。
How is your work 你的工作怎么样?
3)How do you do 并不表示疑问,是第一次见面时的问候语,回答仍用此句。
How do you do 你好! How do you do 你好!
4)How is it going / How is everything going 用来询问事情进展如何。
How is it going 情况/进展如何?
Very well./ Not too bad./just so so.很好。/还不坏。/一般吧。
flower n.花 a lot of flowers
worry v.&n.担心;担忧
(1)worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时,意为“使烦恼,使担忧”。作不及物动词时,意为“发愁,担心,烦恼”,常与介词about连用。
What’s worrying you 什么事使你烦恼?Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
(2)worry也可用作名词。既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。
Her face showed signs of worry. 她脸上显出担忧的神情。
I have a lot of worries. 我有很多担心。
(3)worry的过去分词worried相当于形容词,意为“担心的,烦恼的”,常与be/look/feel等系动词连用。be worried about意为“为……担心”。
She is worried about her sick mother. 她担心她生病的母亲。
luckily adv.幸运的;好运的
luckily是副词,意为“幸运地,幸亏,侥幸”。
Luckily there was a doctor on the spot.幸运的是现场有一位医生。
拓展:lucky是luckily的形容词形式,意为“幸运的, 吉祥的, 侥幸的”。
He is a lucky dog. 他是个幸运的家伙。
luck是luckily的名词形式,是不可数名词;意为“运气, 好运, 幸运 ”。
good luck to sb表示“祝某人好运”,bad luck意为“倒霉”。
She had no luck finding a job. 她很不幸,找不到工作。
I wish you luck. =Good luck to you! 祝你好运!
sun n.太阳 in the sun The sun came out again.
museum n.博物馆visit a museum 参观博物馆 visit the science museum 参观科技博物馆
an art museum at the museum
fire n.火;火灾 be careful with fire fire station 消防站visit a fire station 参观消防站
painting n.油画;绘画 see some paintings
exciting adj.使人兴奋的;令人激动的 an exciting day
exciting&excited
exciting是形容词,意为“令人兴奋的”,一般用来说明事物的特征。
I like football. I think it’s very exciting. 我喜欢足球。我认为它非常令人兴奋。
excited也是形容词,意为“感到兴奋的”,一般用来说明人的感受。
He is very excited at the news. 因为那个消息他很兴奋。
lovely adj.可爱的 lovely gifts
expensive adj.昂贵的be expensive 昂贵的 an expensive bag
cheap adj.廉价的;便宜的
slow adj.缓慢的;迟缓的,其反义词为fast。
Why are you so slow Hurry up!It’s late.你怎么这么慢啊?快点!要迟到了。
It was so hot on the slow train.
fast adv.&adj. 快地(的)
(1)fast 作副词,意为“快地”,可以用来修饰动词或者动词短语。
We got there so fast by train. 我们乘火车很快到了那儿。
(2)fast 作形容词,意为“快的”。A train is very fast. 火车很快。
拓展:fast&quickly
fast强调动作的速度快;quickly 指动作敏捷或者完成得快。
Li Ming can run very fast. 李明能跑的很快。
He had breakfast quickly and then went to school. 他快速吃完早餐去上学了。
robot n.机器人 how to make a model robot 如何制作机器人模型
guide n.导游;向导
Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.
本句中的how to make a model robot是“疑问词+不定式”结构,作动词taught的宾补。用来补充和说明宾语的情况。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构还常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
Where to go is a problem. 到哪里去是一个问题。(主语)
I know where to find the key. 我知道在哪儿找到钥匙。(宾语)
The question is how to learn English well. 问题是如何学好英语。(表语)
gift n.礼物;赠品gift shop 礼品店
all in all总的来说 All in all, it was an exciting day. 总之,这是令人兴奋的一天。
all in all 固定词组,意为“总的来说”,常用于句首。
All in all, it is a great success. 总的来说,它非常成功。
All in all, I’m too excited. 总的来说,我太兴奋了。
拓展:常见的和all有关的词组
after all 毕竟,终究 all over 到处 not…at all 根本……不
all right 行,好的 in all 总共
everything pron.所有事物;一切 Everything was about robots.
interested adj.感兴趣的
be interested in… 对……感兴趣 I’m not interested in that. 我对此并不感兴趣。
dark adj.黑暗的;昏暗的 The rooms were really dark.
(1)dark作形容词,意为“黑暗的,昏暗的”。
The room is dark and quiet. 这个房间漆黑一片,寂静无声。
(2)dark 作名词,意为“黑暗,无光(尤指夜晚)”。
We stood outside in the dark. 我们站在黑漆漆的屋外。
hear v.(heard/h :(r)d)听到;听见
The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos, so I didn’t take any.
(1)It is +adj.+ to do sth. 意为“做某事是……”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以it was difficult to take photos相当于to take photos was difficult。
It’s interesting to play the computer games. 玩电脑游戏很有趣。
(2)It is + 形容词(+of / for sb.)+ to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是……。用介词of时,形容的是某人做这件事情所表现的品质;用介词for时,指的是所作的事情本身的一个性质。
It is very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。
It is important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说,学好英语很重要。
【写作话题】本单元以学校旅行为话题,谈论学校旅行及假期生活,描述过去发生的事情及感受。
【写作题目】暑假已经过去,同学们都相互询问时如何度过这个假期的,请你用英语写一封信把你的假期和同学交流一下,向他们描述你的既有意义又充实的假期。
提示:(1)坚持运动,锻炼身体(2)多读好书(3)旅游观光(4)当一名志愿者(5)帮助父母。
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Li Ping,
I had a good time during my summer vacation. Here is my vacation to show you.
First I did sports and learned to play table tennis. It’s good for my health. Then I read some books .After that I enjoyed an interesting sight for two weeks. Also, I volunteered to serve in the volleyball game. Of course, at home I helped my parents do some cooking , washing and so on.
I think I had a wonderful time during the vacation . Did you have a nice summer vacation P lease tell me !
Yours,
Tom