(共41张PPT)
Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth.
人教新目标版 九年级上
SectionA 2d
Grammar Focus-4c公开课
Learning objectives
1. 在语境中理解、识记并运用本课时词汇：take part in,afford,turn off,reusable,pay for,take action, transportation 等。
2. 能正确区分和使用以下语法结构：现在进行时、used to、被动语态、现在完成时、情态动词。
3.能够用与污染相关的词汇，对环境污染和环境保护进行简单描述。
4. 能够总结环境问题及其原因并提出简单的建议，提升对人与自然关系的认识。
Warming up
What’s happening to the earth
It is suffering from pollution.
noise pollution
water pollution
air pollution
light pollution
soil /land pollution
What should we do to save the earth
What causes the water pollution
People throw rubbish into the river.
What can we do to solve it
Factories put the waste into the river.
We can help to clean the river
The government should make serious laws about water protection.
The government should close down the factories.
We should save water.
Discussion
What causes the land pollution
There is too much rubbish and waste. People are throwing away things everyday
What can we do to solve it
People use too many plastic bags.
We can bring our own bag when we go shopping.
We'd better not use wooden chopsticks or plastic bowls when we buy takeaway food.
We can help to clean up the streets or parks.
We should throw the rubbish into the bins.
What causes the air pollution
Factories that burn coal also pollute the air with a lot of black smoke.
What can we do to solve it
There are more and more cars on the road. They give off the waste gas into the air.
We can walk or ride the bike, take the bus or subway instead of driving the car.
We can plant more trees.
The government should close down the factories.
Let’s talk about the things we can do to help.
New drills
Read the conversation in 2d and fill in the chart.
Pollution Ways to solve the problem
Air pollution
Waste pollution
Ride a bike, take the bus or subway instead of driving.
Bring a bag to go shopping.
Don’t take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when you buy takeaway food.
Throw rubbish in the bins.
Interviewer: Jason and Susan, what are your ideas for solving these
problems
Jason: Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or
subway instead of driving.
Susan: Yeah, or ride a bike. There are other advantages of bike riding.
It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
Interviewer: Great ideas! What about waste pollution
减少；砍倒
Role-play the conversation.
2d
Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go
shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.
Jason: Me, too. Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks
when I buy takeaway food. I use the ones at home.
Susan: And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public
places clean and beautiful for everyone.
Interviewer: So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a
better future!
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
有作用；有影响
difference前可用big等词修饰
导致；通向
make a difference to 对……有影响或作用
Language points
1.Well,to cut down air pollution,we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
cut down 砍倒； 减少 People cut down many trees so a lot of
animals lose their homes.人们砍倒了很多树，因此大量的动物失去了它们的家。
cut off 切掉 The doctor had to cut off his arm to save his life.为了挽救他的生命，医生不得不将他的胳膊截肢。
cut out 删除 You can cut out the unimportant details.
你可以删掉不重要的细节。
cut up 切碎 Cut up the meat，please.请把肉切碎。
2.It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
cost v. 花费；使付出.指花费金钱，主语通常是物。
cost的过去式和过去分词均为cost。
e.g.The new shirt cost Mr Wang 200 yuan.
王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。
How much does the new computer
cost 新电脑花了多少钱？
【拓展延伸】cost还可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
Could you tell me the cost of the trip
【辨析】 take，spend，pay和cost都可以表示
“花费”，但它们的用法各有不同。
例词 主语 宾语 常用结构
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money某物花费(某人)多少钱
spend 人 时间或金钱 sb. spend (s) some time/ money on sth.某人花费时间/金钱在某事上
sb. spend(s) some time/ money doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事
take 常用it作形式主语 时间 it takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人为某物付费
根据句意用take, spend, pay或cost的适当形式填空。
1. That new car ________ them lots of money.
2. Mona __________ 50 yuan on the books just now.
3. It usually _______ me an hour to do my homework.
4. You should __________ some time practising your pronunciation.
5. My brother _______ 6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.
cost
spent
takes
spend
paid
3.So together,our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!
make a difference (to…)表示(对……)产生影响或作用;
有关difference的短语：
make no difference 对……没有影响
make some difference 对……有些影响
make a difference between 对……区别对待
eg: Learning English well can make a difference to your future.学好英语会对你的前途有影响。
The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.
新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。
Summay
减少
代替（做某事）
骑自行车（名词）
对...有好处
外卖食品
记得要做某事
产生影响或作用
导致,引导
cut down
instead of doing sth
bike riding
be good for
takeaway food
remember to do sth
make a difference
lead to
Can you translate the following into English
Retell the conversation by filling in the blanks.
An interviewer is asking Susan and Jason their opinions on _______ polluted problems. Jason suggests taking the bus or subway __________ driving can help ___________ the air pollution. Susan adds other___________ of bike riding. It ____________ health and it doesn’t _______ anything. Susan also says simple things _____ bringing a bag while go shopping can help. And Jason never uses _________ chopsticks or _______ forks when he buys _________ food. Susan reminds people to _____________ throw rubbish in the bins ________ the public places clean and beautiful. If people work together, their actions will ________________ and ________ a better future.
solving
instead of
cut down
advantages
is good for
cost
like
wooden
plastic
takeaway
remember to
to keep
make a difference
lead to
Consolidation
Role-play the conversation in 2d.
Try not to look at your book.
Interviewer: Jason and Susan, what ...
Jason: Well, to cut down air pollution, we should ....
Susan: Yeah, ...
Interviewer: Great ideas! What ...
Susan: Mmm, I think ...
Jason: Me, too....
Susan: And ...
Interviewer: So
Role play
We’re trying to save the earth.
The river used to be so clean.
The air is badly polluted.
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
We should help save the sharks.
Read the following sentences and find out the grammar items.
Grammar Focus
Present progressive
used to
Passive voice
Present perfect
Modal verbs
Grammar focus
01
现在进行时: Present progressive
现在进行时
基本
结构
基本
用法
标志词
be (am, is, are) + v.-ing
说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作
现阶段或当前一段时间之内正在进行的动作
now, look, listen, right now等
动词-ing形式的构成
一般情况下，在动词词尾后加-ing。如：go → going
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加 -ing。如: have → having
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing。 如：stop → stopping
02
used to do & be used to doing
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(而现在不做了)
1) 否定句式：didn’t use to do sth.
2) 一般疑问句式：Did + 主语 + use to do sth.
3) 附加疑问句式： …, didn’t +主语
e.g. He used to eat shark fin soup.
He didn’t use to eat shark fin soup.
He used to eat shark fin soup, didn’t he
02
used to do & be used to doing
be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
e.g. I’m used to walking to school now.
我现在习惯步行去学校。
The city is hot and wet and I have been used to it.
这座城市又热又潮湿，而我已经习惯了这里。
03
被动语态：Passive voice
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者
谓语动词 be (not) + done (V-ed)
被动
语态
肯定句：
主语 + be + V-ed (+ by…).
否定句：
主语 + be + not + V-ed (+by…).
一般疑问句：
Be + 主语 + V-ed (+by…)
特殊疑问句：
疑问词 + be + 主语 + V-ed (+by…)
结构
定义
构成
Summary
时态 主动语态
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to + do
现在完成时 have/has done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
被动语态
am/is/are + done
was/were + done
will/shall/be going to + be + done
have/has + been done
am/is/are + being done
was/were + being done
04
现在完成时: Present perfect
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作与现在有关，指过去的动作对现在造成的影响、结果等。
already, yet, for+时间段, since+时间点
现在完成时
肯定句：
主语 + have/has + V-ed + 其他.
否定句：
主语 + haven't/hasn't + V-ed + 其他.
一般疑问句：
Have/Has + 主语 + V-ed + …？
肯定答语：
Yes, 主格代词 + have/has.
否定答语：
No, 主格代词 + haven't/hasn't.
特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
结构
定义
标志词
过去分词构成规则
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如: work → worked。
在以e结尾的动词后只加 -d。如: close → closed。
在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。如: study → studied。
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如: stop → stopped。
不规则动词的过去分词: AAA型 put put put
AAB型 beat beat beaten
ABA型 become became become
ABB型 get got got/gotten
ABC型 begin began begun
一般过去时 vs 现在完成时①
I just my lunch.
我刚吃过午饭。（现在不饿）
I my lunch in the dining hall.
我是在餐厅吃的午饭。
一般过去时单纯描述过去发生的动作。
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作与现在有关，指过去的动作对现在造成的影响、结果等。
had
have had
一般过去时 vs 现在完成时②
他离开上海已经3天了。
He has left Shanghai for three days.
He Shanghai for three days.
It three days since he left Shanghai.
Three days since he left Shanghai.
He Shanghai three days ago.
has been away from
is/has been
has passed
left
短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段
时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.
短暂性动词
Complete the following sentences.
I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that man before.
3. Tom ________________ (work) there since two years ago.
4. The twins _____________ (wash) the clothes for an hour.
5. He ___________ (play) basketball since three years ago.
6. How long ______ Sally _______ (sing) yet
have been
have heard
has worked
have washed
has played
has sung
05
情态动词 Modal verbs
情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情感、态度或 语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。
常见的情态动词有:
can/could (能够), may/might (可能、可以), must (必须), need (需要), shall (将，多用第一人称), should (应该), will (将), would (愿意、将要), have to (不得不)等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。
否定式是在情态动词后面加not。
个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g. Ken can climb up the trees like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous.
Translation.
1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。
2. 首先你必须完成作业。
3. 他现在不可能在家。
4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。
We can’t eat in the classroom.
You must finish your homework first.
He can’t be at home now.
She must know the answer to this question.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4a
Joe: _____ you ever ______ (take) part in an environmental project
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ____ ever ____ (have).
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
参加
Joe: How many people ____ (take) part
Eric: I _____ (think) more than 1,000 people ______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to improve
the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to ____ (wait) any longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起
afford
We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
我们承担不起继续等待而不采取行动！
afford v. 承担得起; 买得起; 提供, 给予
常与can, be able to等连用, 多用于否定句或疑问句。
afford sth. 买得起 / 承受得起某物
afford to do sth. 有能力做某事 / 负担得起做某事
e.g. Can you afford the mobile phone
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
4b
People______think that big things ______ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _______ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _____ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now ______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you ________ take the bus. All these small things ________ add up and become big things that _______ improve the environment. Let’s take actions now!
can would could have to should must may/might
may
must
could
could
should
have to
can
can
would
adj. 可重复使用的；可再次使用的
付费；付出代价
采取行动
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
4c
I think that everyone should use public transportation.
I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation...
use public transportation
n. 运输业；交通运输
It's everyone’s duty to protect the environment. And it should begin from every aspect of our daily life. Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the earth can we save ourselves.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php
