北京市第四名校顺义分校2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试 英语（含解析）

北京市第四中学顺义分校2023-2024学年度第一学期
高三英语期中试卷
Ⅰ卷(共68分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节：完型填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During festivals and grand ceremonies, people would perform lion dance to create a happy and ____11____ (excite) atmosphere. Many young people know that the dragon dance and lion dance ____12____ (perform) during festivals such as Spring Festival. But they don’t know that after several thousand years the two activities have accumulated thick historical cultures and are ____13____ (extreme) valuable cultural heritages handed down from Chinese people’s ancestors.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As we all know, the most popular martial arts today ____14____ (originate) in Asia. Some Chinese fighting styles were invented over 3,000 years ago. Many martial arts were invented ____15____ people needed to defend themselves or protect others. Nowadays, people learn martial arts as a way ____16____ (keep) fit or as a competitive sport, but they are still very useful for self-defence.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
China, ____17____ takes pride in the Four Great Inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability to change the world with its “four new great inventions”: high-speed rail, electronic payment, shared bikes and online shopping.
Recently, the “four new great inventions” ____18____ (improve) the quality of people’s lives. People can buy what they want simply with a tap at the cell phone at home. They are also very happy that high-speed trains and shared bikes have shortened ____19____ (they) journeys and made public transport more attractive.
It is increasingly clear that China is leading in many new ways. A growing number of foreign ____20____ (company) hope to promote the development in their home country like China.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Despite usually being associated with the Chinese, the Lunar New Year is also celebrated in other countries. Here are several places in America to celebrate the Lunar New Year.
New York City
New York City, which has one of the largest populations of ethnic（少数民族）Chinese people outside of Asia, is a great place to experience the Lunar New Year. There are around 10 different Chinatowns in New York City. Visitors will find parades, performances and foods in most of these areas but some of the festival characteristics are unique to the particular district.
San Francisco
San Francisco's lunar New Year celebrations are the longest runnings in America. They date back to the 1860s, during the “Gold Rush” period. Today, numerous events take place around the Bay Area, but the headline is the massive Chinese New Year Parade that draws as many as 1 million viewers.
Washington DC
Washington DC has a historic Chinatown. There is a parade here with floats, firecrackers, dancers and music. The Smithsonian American Art Museum can host hands on arts and crafts events that feature performers invited from China. The Kennedy Center stages themed performances, including folk music and symphonies from China.
Chicago
Despite low temperatures in January and February, Chicago celebrates the Lunar New Year in a big way. There are two parades, usually held on different days of the same weekend. One is in the city's traditional Chinatown on the South Side, and the other takes place on Argyle Street. Asian culture is on full display during these parades, and other Chicago com munities also take part.
21. Which city has the longest history of celebrating the Lunar New Year
A. New York City. B. San Francisco.
C. Washington DC. D. Chicago.
22. What can the Smithsonian American Art Museum do on the Lunar New Year
A. Serve Chinese food. B. Show Chinese dancers.
C. Play Chinese court music. D. Invite Chinese art performers.
23. What common activity is held in the listed cities on the Lunar New Year
A. Festival parades. B. English concerts.
C. The American culture weekend. D. The American-style art exhibitions.
B
Doramise Moreau is an incredible woman. Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, she has cooked thousands of meals all by herself to feed the hungry in her area. In a time of uncertainty, Moreau brings light to her community by ensuring that everyone is well fed.
Moreau is a 60-year-old widow who lives with her children, nephew, and three grandchildren in Florida. She works as a caretaker at a technical school. Every day, she would walk to work or take the bus because she didn't have a car.
When the pandemic began, Moreau partnered with a church. Every Thursday and Friday, she borrows the church truck to buy groceries. She then devotes her time to cooking meals in their kitchen. On Saturday, church volunteers serve the food and also deliver it to those who are housebound.
Moreau goes above and beyond to help those around her. When the church couldn't afford a cleaner, Moreau didn't hesitate to help. Each morning, Moreau prepares Haitian tea to fight off colds, offering them to the police, church staff and community leaders.
Hunger is now prevalent across the US. As stated on Feeding America the pandemic has caused more than 42 million people a lack of access to a consistent food supply. Due to this, people come to Moreau for a meal. For the 1,000 to 1,500 meals she prepares every week, she makes traditional Haitian recipes. She serves baked fish, roast turkey, rice and beans, and fried chicken.
For all that she has done Moreau was nominated (提名) by community leaders to receive a new Toyota Corolla , complete with a red bow. She can now drive to work and to the grocery shop to buy food for the community meals.
Her strong devotion to helping people in need makes her a true role model. With each meal she lovingly prepares, she brings warmth and hope into the world.
24. What is Moreau
A. A cook. B. A caretaker.
C. A teacher. D. A volunteer.
25. What does Moreau usually do every Thursday and Friday
A. She learns to drive a truck.
B. She helps to clean the church.
C. She interviews some volunteers.
D. She cooks meals in the church.
26. What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Common. B. Popular.
C. Reliable. D. Urgent.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Moreau
A. Generous and proud. B. Considerate and careful.
C. Devoted and helpful. D. Loyal and reliable.
C
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤脚).
Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels. The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down their heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heel. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
28. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.
B. Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.
C. Running in shoes is partly good to runners.
D. Two new studies prove running without shoes is less risky to runners in most cases.
29. What can we learn from the passage
A. The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.
B. We should start running barefoot in no time.
C. Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.
D. We won’t be injured if we run barefoot.
30. What is the writer’s attitude toward the use of the modern running shoes
A. Persuasive. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Supportive.
D
Picture this: It’s 2003 and your family has just finished arguing over which Netflix movies to rent that week. Movies come in the mail and the family watch them throughout the week before sending them back and ordering new ones. Then, fast forward to 2008, and you have started to watch TV shows on Netflix’s new platform.
Now, let’s come to the present. You sit down and open up Netflix on your TV and scroll for a while. Then you flip over to Hulu to see if they have anything more interesting to offer. Then you check HBO GO. Finally, you check Disney+. Then you realize that you’re paying for four different streaming services, maybe more.
Let’s return to Netflix. More generally, streaming. There are over 100 video streaming services available, as well as quite a few music streaming, including Apple Music, YouTube Music, Google Play, and etc. The streaming world, at least to some, is on its way to getting out of control, with each service requiring its own monthly subscription. And that is just entertainment subscriptions. We haven’t even taken into account subscriptions like Microsoft Office, magazine subscriptions, and email newsletters. Subscriptions started out as a service of convenience, but now, the oversaturation may have become burdensome. The services believe customers will pay more to get the content they want. However, statistics show a growing frustration(失望) among consumers. With so many options, they find it harder than ever to make a decision on what to pick.
Not only does the oversaturation of streaming result in confusing navigation, it also creates a financial burden for the consumers. Let’s say if you want to watch Stranger Things , The Handmaid’s Tale , and Game of Thrones , which belong to three different services, you would have to pay nearly $50 a month to access all three of those services, meaning it’s not cheaper, and potentially more expensive, than cable.
People cut their cords and went the streaming route because it was simpler and cheaper. Now, it’s just as inconvenient and difficult as cable was, if not more so, and unless you’re limiting yourself to one service, it’s not cheaper. Streaming will survive because we’re in a Golden Age of Media and because each service is able to create high-quality originals. But Golden Ages don’t last, and bubbles tend to burst. Until the inevitable(不可避免) day when some product or service proves streaming out of date, we must suffer the choices in front of us. The next time you are scrolling through Netflix, Hulu, or whatever, and the overchoice is killing you, maybe you should just go pick up a book instead.
31. What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs
A. Social progress has promoted the quality of life in the past decade.
B. Changes in home entertainment have brought us more options.
C. Technology innovation results in different ways of relaxation.
D. Netflix has been developing its service patterns.
32. What does the underlined word “oversaturation” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to
A. The large number of subscriptions.
B. The frustration caused by poor service.
C. The rapidly developing entertainment market.
D. The confusing navigation resulting from streaming.
33. According to the passage streaming services may____.
A. enhance user satisfaction
B. increase energy consumption
C. raise entertainment costs
D. realize the resource sharing
34. The author would probably agree that ___.
A. the streaming service will have a bright future
B. reading has an advantage over streaming service
C. there will be some better service to replace streaming
D. nothing can end streaming services as long as media exists
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tech Neck
Have you ever bent your head down to look at a screen until your neck muscles hurt If so, you’ve experienced tech neck. ____35____. It’s a common problem, and it’s on the rise.
Your neck muscles are designed to hold your head upright. ____36____. But bending your head forward for long periods of time can strain your muscles. That can make them sore.
In the past people spent most of their time looking up. But now people spend significant amounts of time looking down at their phones. They often hold them at waist or chest level. This causes people to crane their necks to see the phone, which, in turn, causes tech neck. ____37____.
It’s probably not realistic to expect people to give up their phones to avoid tech neck. But giving up technology altogether isn’t necessary. You can do things to avoid tech neck even while keeping your smartphone.
First you can hold your phone up so you don’t have to bend down to look at it. But this can be tiring for your arms. So keep your head upright, and look only with your eyes. Try to sit up straight in front of a screen as well, or it can hurt your back.
Also, take breaks. ____38____. If you’ve been sitting, stand up and walk around. Moving your body will help relax your muscles. If you continue experiencing tech neck, you can do exercise to strengthen your neck muscles.
____39____. If you’re aware of the problem, you can take measures to avoid it.
A. Drop down your smartphone right now and have a walk outside
B. Once in a while, look up from your screen, and roll your shoulders back
C. Using smartphones excessively has resulted in tons of psychological problems
D. Bending over to view the screen of a computer on a desk can have a similar effect
E. Tech neck is a common result of using today’s technology, but it doesn’t have to be
F. They can also move your head around and even crane it forward for a short amount
of time
G. Tech neck occurs when the use of phones, computers and other technology causes
neck pain
Ⅱ卷(共32分)
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节：(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容写下相关信息，完成对该问题回答。
Discovered by Amateurs
Some astronomers spend their entire careers looking for new discoveries in space, but a 10-year-old Canadian girl found one on her first try. In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. The pictures were just thousands of tiny spots of light, but Gray spotted a star that looked different in the recent pictures. Could it possibly be a supernova (超新星) Usually a supernova is brighter, and it becomes visible through a telescope due to the brightness. Later Gray’s discovery was confirmed, and she became the youngest person to discover a supernova.
Throughout history, important discoveries in astronomy have been made by amateurs. An early example is William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781. Uranus had been observed before, but expert astronomers thought it didn’t belong to our solar system. When Herschel saw it with a telescope he had designed and built himself, he realized that it was orbiting the sun. This meant that Uranus was a planet. And so, the map of our night sky was changed forever.
Then in 1930, a major discovery was made by a 24-year-old man, a farmer’s son, with no college education or formal training in astronomy. Clyde Tombaugh had built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy’s magazine. He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory, who was so impressed and offered him a job on his team. Within a year, Tombaugh discovered a ninth planet, Pluto. It was regarded as a planet for 76 years, but scientists decided in 2006 that Pluto didn’t meet all of the criteria for a true planet. It was then considered to be a dwarf planet.
John Dobson is another influential amateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby. In 1956, after constant attempts, he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials, such as paper tubes used in construction. With affordable tools like Dobson’s telescope, more amateurs today have the technology that is needed to make discoveries of their own.
40. How did Kathryn Gray discover the supernova
41. Why did Clyde Tombaugh get a job at the Lowell Observatory
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The four amateur astronomers were all interested in astronomy and did some research, so they finally made discoveries of their own.
43. Which of the amateur astronomers mentioned in the passage has impressed you most Why (about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是李华，在互联网上获悉一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封自荐信申请参加，内容包括：
1.自我介绍 （包括英语能力）
2.参加意图 （介绍中国，了解其他国家）
3.希望获准
注意：1. 词数不少于100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
3. 参考词汇：夏令营-summer camp
Dear Sir/Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
北京市第四中学顺义分校2023-2024学年度第一学期
高三英语期中试卷
Ⅰ卷(共68分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节：完型填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。
【1题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“He was always in a good mood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’s your option how you live your life”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据“As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“into the emergency room”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“He’s a dead man.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓坏了。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。
第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During festivals and grand ceremonies, people would perform lion dance to create a happy and ____11____ (excite) atmosphere. Many young people know that the dragon dance and lion dance ____12____ (perform) during festivals such as Spring Festival. But they don’t know that after several thousand years the two activities have accumulated thick historical cultures and are ____13____ (extreme) valuable cultural heritages handed down from Chinese people’s ancestors.
【答案】11. exciting
12. are performed
13. extremely
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中华文化遗产舞龙和舞狮的重要性。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在节日和盛大的仪式上，人们会表演舞狮，营造一种快乐和激动人心的气氛。分析句子结构可知，本空填形容词exciting“激动人心的”，作定语，修饰名词 atmosphere。故填exciting。
【12题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：许多年轻人都知道舞龙和舞狮是在春节等节日期间表演的。结合句意和空前的know可知本句陈述事实用一般现在时，且that引导的宾语从句主语the dragon dance and lion dance与动词perform“表演”为被动关系，故用are performed，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填are performed。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：但他们不知道，经过几千年的发展，这两项活动积累了深厚的历史文化，是中华民族祖先流传下来的极其宝贵的文化遗产。分析句子结构可知，本空填副词extremely“极其地”，作状语，修饰形容词 valuable。故填extremely。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As we all know, the most popular martial arts today ____14____ (originate) in Asia. Some Chinese fighting styles were invented over 3,000 years ago. Many martial arts were invented ____15____ people needed to defend themselves or protect others. Nowadays, people learn martial arts as a way ____16____ (keep) fit or as a competitive sport, but they are still very useful for self-defence.
【答案】14. originated
15. because
16. to keep
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了武术的分类、来源以及中国武术对世界的影响。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：众所周知，当今最流行的武术起源于亚洲。分析句子结构可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且主语the most popular martial arts与originate“起源于”为主动关系，故用过去式形式originated，作谓语。故填originated。
【15题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：许多武术的发明是因为人们需要自卫或保护他人。空后“people needed to defend themselves or protect others (人们需要自卫或保护他人)”是空前“Many martial arts were invented (许多武术被发明)”的原因，故此处使用从属连词because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，人们学习武术是为了保持健康或作为一项竞技运动，但它们对自卫仍然非常有用。a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”，故keep“保持”用不定式形式to keep，作way的定语。故填to keep。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
China, ____17____ takes pride in the Four Great Inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability to change the world with its “four new great inventions”: high-speed rail, electronic payment, shared bikes and online shopping.
Recently, the “four new great inventions” ____18____ (improve) the quality of people’s lives. People can buy what they want simply with a tap at the cell phone at home. They are also very happy that high-speed trains and shared bikes have shortened ____19____ (they) journeys and made public transport more attractive.
It is increasingly clear that China is leading in many new ways. A growing number of foreign ____20____ (company) hope to promote the development in their home country like China.
【答案】17. which
18. have improved
19. their panies
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国的新四大发明。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：以古代四大发明为荣的中国，以高铁、电子支付、共享单车、网购“四大新发明”再次展现了改变世界的能力。分析句子结构可知，本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词China，且从句缺少主语，故填关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：最近，“新四大发明”提高了人们的生活质量。动词improve意为“提高”，是句中谓语动词，根据时间状语recently可知，此处要使用现在完成时，主语the new four great inventions为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have improved。
【19题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们也很高兴高铁和共享单车缩短了他们的行程，使公共交通更具吸引力。分析句子结构可知，本空填形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，作定语，修饰名词 journeys。故填their。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：越来越多的外国公司希望在像中国这样的国家促进发展。可数名词company意为“公司”，作主语，前面有a growing number of“越来越多的”修饰，用复数形式companies。故填companies。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Despite usually being associated with the Chinese, the Lunar New Year is also celebrated in other countries. Here are several places in America to celebrate the Lunar New Year.
New York City
New York City, which has one of the largest populations of ethnic（少数民族）Chinese people outside of Asia, is a great place to experience the Lunar New Year. There are around 10 different Chinatowns in New York City. Visitors will find parades, performances and foods in most of these areas but some of the festival characteristics are unique to the particular district.
San Francisco
San Francisco's lunar New Year celebrations are the longest runnings in America. They date back to the 1860s, during the “Gold Rush” period. Today, numerous events take place around the Bay Area, but the headline is the massive Chinese New Year Parade that draws as many as 1 million viewers.
Washington DC
Washington DC has a historic Chinatown. There is a parade here with floats, firecrackers, dancers and music. The Smithsonian American Art Museum can host hands on arts and crafts events that feature performers invited from China. The Kennedy Center stages themed performances, including folk music and symphonies from China.
Chicago
Despite low temperatures in January and February, Chicago celebrates the Lunar New Year in a big way. There are two parades, usually held on different days of the same weekend. One is in the city's traditional Chinatown on the South Side, and the other takes place on Argyle Street. Asian culture is on full display during these parades, and other Chicago com munities also take part.
21. Which city has the longest history of celebrating the Lunar New Year
A. New York City. B. San Francisco.
C. Washington DC. D. Chicago.
22. What can the Smithsonian American Art Museum do on the Lunar New Year
A. Serve Chinese food. B. Show Chinese dancers.
C. Play Chinese court music. D. Invite Chinese art performers.
23. What common activity is held in the listed cities on the Lunar New Year
A. Festival parades. B. English concerts.
C. The American culture weekend. D. The American-style art exhibitions.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国四个城市庆祝中国春节的方式。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“San Francisco's lunar New Year celebrations are the longest runnings in America. They date back to the 1860s, during the “Gold Rush” period.（旧金山的农历新年庆祝活动是美国最长的。它们可以追溯到19世纪60年代的“淘金热”时期。）”可知，美国旧金山庆祝春节的历史最久远，可以追溯到19世纪60年代。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The Smithsonian American Art Museum can host hands on arts and crafts events that feature performers invited from China.（史密森尼美国艺术博物馆可以举办邀请中国演员参加的手工艺术活动。）”可知，史密森尼美国艺术博物馆会在中国春节期间举办手工艺品活动，并邀请来自中国的表演者参加。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据New York City中的“Visitors will find parades, performances and foods in most of these areas but some of the festival characteristics are unique to the particular district.（游客们可以在大多数这些地区看到游行、表演和食物，但有些节日特色是该地区独有的。）”、San Francisco中的“Today, numerous events take place around the Bay Area, but the headline is the massive Chinese New Year Parade that draws as many as 1 million viewers.（今天，在旧金山湾区有许多活动，但头条新闻是吸引了多达100万观众的大型春节游行。）”、Washington DC中的“here is a parade here with floats, firecrackers, dancers and music.（这里有花车、鞭炮、舞蹈和音乐的游行。）”和Chicago中的“Asian culture is on full display during these parades, and other Chicago com munities also take part.（亚洲文化在这些游行中得到充分展示，芝加哥的其他社区也参与其中。）”可知，这四个城市在庆祝中国春节时都会举行游行活动。故选A。
B
Doramise Moreau is an incredible woman. Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, she has cooked thousands of meals all by herself to feed the hungry in her area. In a time of uncertainty, Moreau brings light to her community by ensuring that everyone is well fed.
Moreau is a 60-year-old widow who lives with her children, nephew, and three grandchildren in Florida. She works as a caretaker at a technical school. Every day, she would walk to work or take the bus because she didn't have a car.
When the pandemic began, Moreau partnered with a church. Every Thursday and Friday, she borrows the church truck to buy groceries. She then devotes her time to cooking meals in their kitchen. On Saturday, church volunteers serve the food and also deliver it to those who are housebound.
Moreau goes above and beyond to help those around her. When the church couldn't afford a cleaner, Moreau didn't hesitate to help. Each morning, Moreau prepares Haitian tea to fight off colds, offering them to the police, church staff and community leaders.
Hunger is now prevalent across the US. As stated on Feeding America, the pandemic has caused more than 42 million people a lack of access to a consistent food supply. Due to this, people come to Moreau for a meal. For the 1,000 to 1,500 meals she prepares every week, she makes traditional Haitian recipes. She serves baked fish, roast turkey, rice and beans, and fried chicken.
For all that she has done, Moreau was nominated (提名) by community leaders to receive a new Toyota Corolla , complete with a red bow. She can now drive to work and to the grocery shop to buy food for the community meals.
Her strong devotion to helping people in need makes her a true role model. With each meal she lovingly prepares, she brings warmth and hope into the world.
24. What is Moreau
A. A cook. B. A caretaker.
C. A teacher. D. A volunteer.
25. What does Moreau usually do every Thursday and Friday
A. She learns to drive a truck.
B. She helps to clean the church.
C. She interviews some volunteers.
D. She cooks meals in the church.
26. What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Common. B. Popular.
C. Reliable. D. Urgent.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Moreau
A. Generous and proud. B. Considerate and careful.
C. Devoted and helpful. D. Loyal and reliable.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。Doramise Moreau是一个不可思议的女人。自冠状病毒大流行开始以来，她独自做饭数千顿，为她所在地区的饥饿人群提供食物。在这个充满不确定性的时期，莫罗为她的社区带来光明，确保每个人都有充足的食物。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“She works as a caretaker at a technical school.(她在一所技校担任管理员)”可知，Moreau是一名管理员。故选B项。
25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When the pandemic began, Moreau partnered with a church. Every Thursday and Friday, she borrows the church truck to buy groceries. She then devotes her time to cooking meals in their kitchen.(大流行病开始时，莫罗与一家教堂合作。每周四和周五，她都会借教堂的卡车去买食品杂货。然后她花时间在厨房做饭)”可知，莫罗通常每周四和周五在教堂做饭。故选D项。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段“As stated on Feeding America, the pandemic has caused more than 42 million people a lack of access to a consistent food supply.(正如《喂饱美国》所述，疫情已造成4200多万人无法获得持续的粮食供应)”可知，饥饿现在在美国很普遍。由此推知，划线词的意思是“ 普遍的”意思。故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreau goes above and beyond to help those around her.(莫罗竭尽全力帮助她周围的人)”和最后一段“Her strong devotion to helping people in need makes her a true role model.(她热心帮助有需要的人，这使她成为一个真正的榜样)”可推知，她是热心的和乐于帮助人的。故选C项。
C
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤脚).
Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels. The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down their heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heel. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
28. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.
B. Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.
C. Running in shoes is partly good to runners.
D. Two new studies prove running without shoes is less risky to runners in most cases.
29. What can we learn from the passage
A. The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.
B. We should start running barefoot in no time.
C. Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.
D. We won’t be injured if we run barefoot.
30. What is the writer’s attitude toward the use of the modern running shoes
A. Persuasive. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Supportive.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了两项研究的结果。两项新的研究显示，穿跑鞋对运动员的伤害会很大，而赤脚跑步能够减轻对膝盖和脚踝等部位的伤害。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners. (两项新的研究表明，现代跑鞋可能会增加跑步者受伤的风险。)”以及第四段中“They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. (他们发现，与赤脚跑步相比，跑鞋产生的压力更大，可能会损伤膝盖、臀部和踝关节。)”和第七段中“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel. (但研究发现，赤脚跑步者通常用脚的前部或中部着地。这样他们就可以轻松着陆，避免撞到脚后跟。)”可知，本文主要介绍了两项研究表明，赤脚跑步对运动员更有益处，故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据七段中“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.（但研究发现，赤脚跑步者通常用脚的前部或中部着地。这样他们就能轻松落地，避免撞到脚跟。）”可知，赤脚跑步的运动员，脚的前部或中部先落地，这样做会减轻落地时的冲击，不会伤到脚后跟，故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.(两项新的研究表明，现代跑鞋可能会增加跑步者受伤的风险。)”、第四段中“ They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot.(他们发现，与赤脚跑步相比，跑鞋产生的压力更大，可能会损伤膝盖、臀部和踝关节。)”以及倒数第二段中“But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot．They say it takes some training．”（但研究人员并不建议跑步者立即开始赤脚跑步。他们说这需要一些训练）可知，作者只是客观阐述两项关于赤脚跑步的研究结果以及研究人员的建议，并不带有自己的感彩，因此作者对此持客观态度，故选C。
D
Picture this: It’s 2003 and your family has just finished arguing over which Netflix movies to rent that week. Movies come in the mail and the family watch them throughout the week before sending them back and ordering new ones. Then, fast forward to 2008, and you have started to watch TV shows on Netflix’s new platform.
Now, let’s come to the present. You sit down and open up Netflix on your TV and scroll for a while. Then you flip over to Hulu to see if they have anything more interesting to offer. Then you check HBO GO. Finally, you check Disney+. Then you realize that you’re paying for four different streaming services, maybe more.
Let’s return to Netflix. More generally, streaming. There are over 100 video streaming services available, as well as quite a few music streaming, including Apple Music, YouTube Music, Google Play, and etc. The streaming world, at least to some, is on its way to getting out of control, with each service requiring its own monthly subscription. And that is just entertainment subscriptions. We haven’t even taken into account subscriptions like Microsoft Office, magazine subscriptions, and email newsletters. Subscriptions started out as a service of convenience, but now, the oversaturation may have become burdensome. The services believe customers will pay more to get the content they want. However, statistics show a growing frustration(失望) among consumers. With so many options, they find it harder than ever to make a decision on what to pick.
Not only does the oversaturation of streaming result in confusing navigation, it also creates a financial burden for the consumers. Let’s say if you want to watch Stranger Things , The Handmaid’s Tale , and Game of Thrones , which belong to three different services, you would have to pay nearly $50 a month to access all three of those services, meaning it’s not cheaper, and potentially more expensive, than cable.
People cut their cords and went the streaming route because it was simpler and cheaper. Now, it’s just as inconvenient and difficult as cable was, if not more so, and unless you’re limiting yourself to one service, it’s not cheaper. Streaming will survive because we’re in a Golden Age of Media and because each service is able to create high-quality originals. But Golden Ages don’t last, and bubbles tend to burst. Until the inevitable(不可避免的) day when some product or service proves streaming out of date, we must suffer the choices in front of us. The next time you are scrolling through Netflix, Hulu, or whatever, and the overchoice is killing you, maybe you should just go pick up a book instead.
31. What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs
A. Social progress has promoted the quality of life in the past decade.
B. Changes in home entertainment have brought us more options.
C. Technology innovation results in different ways of relaxation.
D. Netflix has been developing its service patterns.
32. What does the underlined word “oversaturation” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to
A. The large number of subscriptions.
B. The frustration caused by poor service.
C. The rapidly developing entertainment market.
D. The confusing navigation resulting from streaming.
33. According to the passage, streaming services may____.
A. enhance user satisfaction
B. increase energy consumption
C. raise entertainment costs
D. realize the resource sharing
34. The author would probably agree that ___.
A. the streaming service will have a bright future
B. reading has an advantage over streaming service
C. there will be some better service to replace streaming
D. nothing can end streaming services as long as media exists
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了如今家庭娱乐的变化给人们带来了更多的选择，这些娱乐以四种流媒体为主。但是流媒体，至少对一些人来说，正在走向失控，文章指出了如今流媒体存在的一些问题，如大量的订阅导致消费者选择混乱和经济负担的增加。作者最后指出将来也许会有一些更好的服务来取代流媒体。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段It’s 2003 and your family has just finished arguing over which Netflix movies to rent that week.hen, fast forward to 2008, and you have started to watch TV shows on Netflix’s new platform.先是描绘了从2003年人们在家为那周该租哪部Netflix电影而争吵，到2008年开始在Netflix的新平台上看电视节目，第二段 中Then you realize that you’re paying for four different streaming services, maybe more.则是进一步描绘了如今人们在家看电视时，为四种不同流媒体付费的情况，由此可知，前两段主要讲了家庭娱乐的变化给我们带来了更多的选择。故选B。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文Subscriptions started out as a service of convenience, but now可知订阅一开始是一种方便的服务，但现在，过多的订阅可能已经成为一种负担。由此可知，第3段下划线的“oversaturation”一词可能指的是“大量的订阅”。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Not only does the oversaturation of streaming result in confusing navigation, it also creates a financial burden for the consumers.可知过于饱和的引流不仅造成了导流的混乱，也给消费者带来了经济负担。以及后文…meaning it’s not cheaper, and potentially more expensive, than cable可知……这意味着它并不比有线电视便宜，而且可能比有线电视更贵。由此可知，流媒体服务可能会提高家庭娱乐成本。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中But Golden Ages don’t last, and bubbles tend to burst. Until the inevitable day when some product or service proves streaming out of date, we must suffer the choices in front of us. The next time you are scrolling through Netflix, Hulu, or whatever, and the overchoice is killing you, maybe you should just go pick up a book instead.可知但黄金时代不会持久，泡沫往往会破裂。直到不可避免的那一天，一些产品或服务被证明是过时的，我们必须忍受我们面前的选择。下次当你在Netflix、Hulu或其他网站上滚动浏览时，过多的选择会杀了你，也许你应该去拿一本书来代替。由此判断出，作者可能会同意将会有一些更好的服务来取代流媒体。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tech Neck
Have you ever bent your head down to look at a screen until your neck muscles hurt If so, you’ve experienced tech neck. ____35____. It’s a common problem, and it’s on the rise.
Your neck muscles are designed to hold your head upright. ____36____. But bending your head forward for long periods of time can strain your muscles. That can make them sore.
In the past people spent most of their time looking up. But now people spend significant amounts of time looking down at their phones. They often hold them at waist or chest level. This causes people to crane their necks to see the phone, which, in turn, causes tech neck. ____37____.
It’s probably not realistic to expect people to give up their phones to avoid tech neck. But giving up technology altogether isn’t necessary. You can do things to avoid tech neck even while keeping your smartphone.
First you can hold your phone up so you don’t have to bend down to look at it. But this can be tiring for your arms. So keep your head upright, and look only with your eyes. Try to sit up straight in front of a screen as well, or it can hurt your back.
Also, take breaks. ____38____. If you’ve been sitting, stand up and walk around. Moving your body will help relax your muscles. If you continue experiencing tech neck, you can do exercise to strengthen your neck muscles.
____39____. If you’re aware of the problem, you can take measures to avoid it.
A. Drop down your smartphone right now and have a walk outside
B. Once in a while, look up from your screen, and roll your shoulders back
C. Using smartphones excessively has resulted in tons of psychological problems
D. Bending over to view the screen of a computer on a desk can have a similar effect
E. Tech neck is a common result of using today’s technology, but it doesn’t have to be
F. They can also move your head around and even crane it forward for a short amount
of time
G. Tech neck occurs when the use of phones, computers and other technology causes
neck pain
【答案】35. G 36. F 37. D 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了长期使用数码产品会给你带来技术脖，同时就此给出了相应的建议。
【35题详解】
由上文“Have you ever bent your head down to look at a screen until your neck muscles hurt If so, you’ve experienced tech neck.”（你有没有曾经低头看屏幕，直到颈部疼痛？如果有，那你可能得了技术脖。）Screen对应phones, computers and other technology，及下文“It’s a common problem, and it’s on the rise.”中it指代的就是技术脖。可知设空处是在介绍技术脖。故选择G项。
【36题详解】
由上文“Your neck muscles are designed to hold your head upright”（你的颈部肌肉旨在保持你的头部直立。）分析选项中的代词可知，they指代的就是上文中的muscles，故选择F项。
【37题详解】
由上文“But now people spend significant amounts of time looking down at their phones….”（但现在人们花大量的时间低头看手机….）可知D选项中的similar effect 指的就是看电脑屏幕和看手机的影响相似。故选择D项。
【38题详解】
由上文“take breaks.”休息一下及下文“If you’ve been sitting, stand up and walk around…”（如果你一直坐着，就站起来走动一下….）可知本段主要讲述的使用电子设备时要时不时休息下。故选择B项。
【39题详解】
由下文“If you’re aware of the problem, you can take measures to avoid it.” （如果你意识到了问题，你就能够采取措施来避免。）句中的avoid(避免)呼应选项中的“don’t have to be”，故选择E项。
【点睛】七选五试题要求学生根据文章的结构、逻辑、上下文的内容选出相应的五句话填入空白处，将文章补充完整，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同。若问题是位于自然段中承上启下就是空格的主要任务。分析句子之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性。注意句子间的衔接手段，将选项带入原文，如果前后内容连贯。逻辑符合，就能够得出正确答案。
Ⅱ卷(共32分)
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节：(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Discovered by Amateurs
Some astronomers spend their entire careers looking for new discoveries in space, but a 10-year-old Canadian girl found one on her first try. In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. The pictures were just thousands of tiny spots of light, but Gray spotted a star that looked different in the recent pictures. Could it possibly be a supernova (超新星) Usually a supernova is brighter, and it becomes visible through a telescope due to the brightness. Later Gray’s discovery was confirmed, and she became the youngest person to discover a supernova.
Throughout history important discoveries in astronomy have been made by amateurs. An early example is William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781. Uranus had been observed before, but expert astronomers thought it didn’t belong to our solar system. When Herschel saw it with a telescope he had designed and built himself, he realized that it was orbiting the sun. This meant that Uranus was a planet. And so, the map of our night sky was changed forever.
Then in 1930, a major discovery was made by a 24-year-old man, a farmer’s son, with no college education or formal training in astronomy. Clyde Tombaugh had built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boy’s magazine. He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory, who was so impressed and offered him a job on his team. Within a year, Tombaugh discovered a ninth planet, Pluto. It was regarded as a planet for 76 years, but scientists decided in 2006 that Pluto didn’t meet all of the criteria for a true planet. It was then considered to be a dwarf planet.
John Dobson is another influential amateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby. In 1956, after constant attempts, he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials, such as paper tubes used in construction. With affordable tools like Dobson’s telescope, more amateurs today have the technology that is needed to make discoveries of their own.
40. How did Kathryn Gray discover the supernova
41. Why did Clyde Tombaugh get a job at the Lowell Observatory
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The four amateur astronomers were all interested in astronomy and did some research, so they finally made discoveries of their own.
43. Which of the amateur astronomers mentioned in the passage has impressed you most Why (about 40 words)
【答案】40. Kathryn Gray discovered the supernova when she was comparing recent pictures of outer space to those taken years earlier.
41. Clyde Tombaugh impressed Dr. V. M. Slipher with his pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter, so he was offered a job at the Lowell Observatory.
42. The four amateur astronomers were all interested in astronomy and did some research, so they finally made discoveries of their own.
According to the passage, not every amateur astronomer made a discovery although they were all astronomy hobbyists.
43. (1) Kathryn Gray, the youngest person to discover a supernova, has impressed me most. Although she was young, she had her own hobby and devoted her time to it. It’s the key to her success. That’s why she has impressed me most.
(2) John Dobson has impressed me most. He didn’t make a discovery, but he provided the technology of making affordable tools, enabling more people to take up astronomy as a hobby. He is more influential in a sense. So he has impressed me most.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个业余天文爱好者的发现或发明。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. ”（2011年1月，经常研究恒星的凯瑟琳·格雷正在观察外太空最近的照片，并将它们与多年前拍摄的照片进行比较。）凯瑟琳·格雷是在比较外太空最近的照片和多年前拍摄的照片时发现的超新星。故答案为“Kathryn Gray discovered the supernova when she was comparing recent pictures of outer space to those taken years earlier.”。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句和第四句“He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory, who was so impressed and offered him a job on his team. ”（他曾经画过火星和木星表面的细节图。他把照片发给了洛厄尔天文台的V.M.斯莱弗博士，后者对他印象深刻，并邀请他在自己的团队中工作。）可知，克莱德·汤博画的火星和木星表面的图片给V. M.斯莱弗博士留下了深刻的印象，因此他得到了洛厄尔天文台的一份工作。故答案为“Clyde Tombaugh impressed Dr. V. M. Slipher with his pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter, so he was offered a job at the Lowell Observatory.”。
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据最后一段前两句“John Dobson is another influential amateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby. In 1956, after constant attempts, he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials, such as paper tubes used in construction.”（约翰·多布森是另一位有影响力的业余天文学家，因为他使许多人能够把天文学作为一种爱好。1956年，在不断的尝试之后，他用低成本的材料，比如建筑用的纸管，建造了一个功能强大的望远镜。）可知，约翰·多布森并没有自己的发现，所以“so they finally made discoveries of their own”是错的，原因是根据文章，并不是每个业余天文学家都有发现，尽管他们都是天文学爱好者。故答案为在“so they finally made discoveries of their own”处画下划线，原因是“According to the passage, not every amateur astronomer made a discovery although they were all astronomy hobbyists.”。
【43题详解】
考查细节理解。如果认为Kathryn Gray最令你印象深刻，则理由在第一段。如果认为John Dobson最令你印象深刻，则理由在最后一段。其他人也是一样的答题方式。所以参考答案为“(1) Kathryn Gray, the youngest person to discover a supernova, has impressed me most. Although she was young, she had her own hobby and devoted her time to it. It’s the key to her success. That’s why she has impressed me most.”或“(2) John Dobson has impressed me most. He didn’t make a discovery, but he provided the technology of making affordable tools, enabling more people to take up astronomy as a hobby. He is more influential in a sense. So he has impressed me most.”。
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是李华，在互联网上获悉一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封自荐信申请参加，内容包括：
1.自我介绍 （包括英语能力）
2.参加意图 （介绍中国，了解其他国家）
3.希望获准
注意：1. 词数不少于100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
3. 参考词汇：夏令营-summer camp
Dear Sir/Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I learned from the Internet that you are organizing a summer camp in Singapore, which welcomes students from all over the world. I am very interested in the camp and eager to take part in it. I have been learning English for more than 10 years, and I can communicate with people in fluent English. Meanwhile, I regard this camp as a golden opportunity for me to introduce my motherland, China, to my overseas counterparts and get to know about their countries as well. I hope I will get admitted to your camp.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本文书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文是一封书信：假设你是李华，在互联网上获悉一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封自荐信申请参加，内容包括：1.自我介绍 （包括英语能力）2.参加意图 （介绍中国，了解其他国家）3.希望获准。
第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：study abroad.（到国外学习），The most obvious advantage of overseas university study（海外大学最明显的优势），make friends from all over the world.（和全世界的人交朋友）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文是一封书信，格式正确，内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。I learned from the Internet that you are organizing a summer camp in Singapore, which welcomes students from all over the world.句中使用宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句；I have been learning English for more than 10 years,句中使用现在完成进行时态。