(共26张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 2
Discover Useful Structures
新 课 导 入
在复合句中修饰限定名词或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的_____或_____叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面, 由_________或_________引导。
名词
代词
关系代词
关系副词
Related conception
Let’s review together!
The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
who
关系代词
关系副词
who, whom, which, that, whose, as
where, when, why
关系词的作用：
① 引导作用(引导定语从句)
② 替代作用(替代先行词)
③ 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
1.能学习并掌握非限制性定语从句的用法；
2.能区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
课 堂 学 习
Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.
1
1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the
fight against the disease.
2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest
international honours a person can receive.
3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more comnmon, to study malaria
patients.
4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
restrictive, describe the kind of medical treatments they tested
non-restrictive, give extra information about Nobel Prize
non-restrictive, give extra information about Hainan
non-restrictive, give extra information about the patients
一、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是指在复合句中对某些名词、代词或主句等被修饰部分作进一步说明的定语从句。在一般情况下, 非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开, 在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who,whom,whose等，做定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when, where等，做定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略。
【要点拓展】
(1) that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(2) 引导非限制性定语从句时, 常用for which代替why。
(3) 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时, 也不可省略。
非限制性定语从句的引导词
1. who, whom, whose引导的非限制性定语从句
(1)关系代词who, whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。
(2)关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语; whom作宾语; 介词后用
whom, 不用who。
(3)whose作定语, 先行词是人时, whose + n. 相当于the +n. +of whom。先行词是物时, whose + n. 相当于the +n. +of which。
*Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
我们的向导, 一个法裔加拿大人, 擅长烹调。
*Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家, 我从他那里学了很多东西。
*The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌子上的书是我们的奖品, 书的封皮很亮。
【用法微练】用who, whom和whose填空。
(1)Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all
his own typing.
(2)Please give the book to Jessica, ______ we met in the hall just now.
(3)The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot
of attention.
whose
whom
who
2. which, as的用法
(1) 两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
*Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体, 有许多用途。
*Our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.
报纸上报道, 我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
(2) as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。
项 目 as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容, 又可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如 这, 那
1.as is known to all= as we all know 众所周知
2.as is said 正如所说的
3.as you can see = as can be seen 正如你所看见的
4.as is reported 正如报道的
5.as is expected 正如预料的
6.as is pointed out 正如指出的
7.as a famous saying goes 正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
8.as is mentioned above 正如以上提到的
非限制性定语从句中，as常用于下列句式
【用法微练】用which和as填空。
(1) By boat is the only way to get here, ______ is how we arrived.
(2) ___ is known to us, nothing can be achieved without dedication and frustration.
which
As
3. when, where的用法
(1)关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语, 指代主句中表示时间的词语。
(2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语, 指代主句中表示地点的词语。
(3)when/where有时可以换成“介词+which”。
*We’ll put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周, 那时天气可能会更好。
*Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗教堂, 在那里你能听到好听的音乐。
*I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home.
我星期日离开的, 当时人人都在家。
【用法微练】用适当的关系副词填空。
(1) By 16: 30, _____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
(2) They reached there yesterday, ______ an important meeting will be held.
when
where
4. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”中, 关系代词用whom指人, 用which指物。
*He worked in a car factory for four years, after which he founded his own company in his hometown.
他在一家汽车厂工作了四年, 之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。
*We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work. 我们缺少两个人, 没有他们, 我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。
【用法微练】(1)语法填空。
①They thanked Tom, without ______ support they would not have succeeded.
②He may have acute appendicitis, in ______ case he will have to be operated on.
③These new neighbors, to ______ I was introduced yesterday, have come here from
Beijing.
(2)I had told them the reason, ________________________________.
我把理由告诉了他们, 为此我没去开会。
whose
which
whom
for which I didn’t attend the meeting
Summary
非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 关系词 用法说明
who, whom, whose, which 指人时可用who(主语), whom(宾语), whose(定语); 指物时可用which(主语或宾语), whose(定语)
when, where, when指时间; where指地点, 它们都在句中作状语
as as引导非限制性定语从句时, 常指代整个主句, 有“正如”之意
(代词+)介词+which/ whom 有时, 根据句意, 关系代词which或whom前可以有代词和介词, 如most of which, none of whom等
二、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来, 限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分, 如果省略会影响全句的主要意思, 这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号; 而非限制性定语从句是对主句的一种补充说明, 即使去掉, 也不影响全句的意思, 这种定语从句前通常有逗号与主句隔开。
*Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。(她还有其他哥哥)
*Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
她的哥哥是当兵的, 他总是鼓励她上大学。(她只有一个哥哥)
【用法拓展】限制性定语从句 VS 非限制性定语从句
名称 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 起限定作用, 限制或约束先行词, 不可去掉, 否则主句意义不完整 对整个句子的意义并不重要, 即使去掉, 原句仍有意义
结构 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开
功能 先行词不可缺少的定语 对先行词起补充说明作用
引导词 a. 作宾语时可省略, 介词之后的关系词不能省 b. 可用that a. 作宾语时不可省略
b. 不可用that
三、用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。
*She said she had finished her work,which I doubted very much.
她说她已经完成了工作,我对此深感怀疑。
2.先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词。
*The moon,which is 384,400 kilometres away from the earth, creates many beautiful stories.
月球,这个离地球384,400千米远的星球,给人们留下很多美好的故事。
3.先行词指的是某人的唯一某个亲属。
*His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
*His brother,who is now a lawyer,always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥,现在是律师,总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
4.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。
此结构常见的有:some(several,a few,many,most,part,the largest) of which/whom等形式。有时of which/whom可以提前到名词/代词等前。
*I bought a dozen eggs,six of which(=of which six) broke when I dropped the box.
我买了一打鸡蛋,六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。
Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. How do the sentences flow differently
2
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin.
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.
1 We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
2 Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there.
We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power.
3 There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.
4 The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It
inspired us a lot.
5 The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei — a famous Chinese-
American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China.
6 I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge
for me.
The teacher asked us to listen a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K Rowling, which inspired us a lot.
There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.
The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei — a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China.
I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
Work in plete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information. Then share them with your group members.
3
EXAMPLE
I'd like to try ..., ...
I'd like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again, which seems to work best for my cough.
1 I would like to travel around …, ...
2 What impressed me most …, ...
3 My favourite scientist is …, ...
4 Finally we arrived at …, ...
5 My grandparents like …, ...
6 I wish to obtain …, ...
7 My best friend …, ...(共20张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 3
Using Language (I)
Explore the meaning of greatness
新 课 导 入
Do you know some famous people who have made great achievements
Let's watch a short video about Zhong Nanshan and then share your feelings about him.
1.能通过一段谈论成功人士的音频对话来练习听大意、意见
和理由；
2.能学会陈述你对伟人的理解和看法。
课 堂 学 习
Pre-listening
Look at the pictures. Do you know these people Who are they
Do you know their achievements
Alexander Fleming
Florence Nightingale
Zhong Nanshan
Jack Ma
Elon Musk
Bill Gates
Match the people with their achievements.
4. Alexander Fleming
5. Florence Nightingale
6. Zhong Nanshan
3. Jack Ma (Ma Yun)
1. Elon Musk
2. Bill Gates
A founder of modern nursing
D made great advancement in online shopping
C managed the SARS outbreak
B founded high-tech and futuristic companies
E made home computing accessible
F discovered penicillin
Then listen to a conversation between Dr Wang, his daughter Wang Lin, and his daughter's friend Anna, and check your answers.
1
While-listening
4. Alexander Fleming
5. Florence Nightingale
6. Zhong Nanshan
3. Jack Ma (Ma Yun)
1. Elon Musk
2. Bill Gates
A founder of modern nursing
D made great advancement in online shopping
C managed the SARS outbreak
B founded high-tech and futuristic companies
E made home computing accessible
F discovered penicillin
Listen to the conversation again. Who does each speaker admire Tick in the table below.
2
Dr Wang Wang Lin Anna Smith
Elon Musk
Bill Gates
Jack Ma
Zhong Nanshan
Florence Nightingale
Alexander Fleming
Dr Wang
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Listen again and answer the questions.
3
1. Why does Dr Wang say “money isn't everything”
2. What is the real reason Anna admires the famous people, and what
examples does she give
Because some people like Alexander Fleming, Florence Nightingale and Zhong Nanshan don't make millions of money, but their contributions to healthcare have saved uncountless lives.
The real reason is that those people have worked so hard to achieve their goals and uncountless contributions to the society.
She gives the examples of Elon Musk and Bill Gates.
3. What kind of person do you think Wang Lin admires Why
She admires people that do good things and inspire her, because she mentions these two things when she talks about how wonderful her father is.
Post-listening
Work in groups. Brainstorm the names of some great people and write them in the table below.
4
Shi Chuanxiang, Lin Qiaozhi, ...
Tu Youyou, Newston, Einstein, ...
Marco Polo, Columbus, Xu Xiake, ...
Li Guibai, Liu Peitong, ...
Mao Zedong, Mahatma Gandi, Mandela, ...
Thomas Edison, Bi Sheng, ...
Discuss what makes these people great. Try to use the following language fillers to give yourself time to think.
5
Jerry: Beck, do you know what makes these people great
Beck: Um, let me see
Jack: Have you got it
Jerry: I think it's the bravery and hard-working which makes them great.
Beck: Can you name some of them
Jerry: Well, it's on the tip of my tongue. Hang on a second. Like Zhong
Nanshan and Yuan Longping.
Beck: Besides, I think it's also their unique personality that makes them great.
Sample
Use your discussion to draw conclusions about the meaning of greatness. The following expressions may help you. Then report back to the class.
6
The greatest person I know of is..., who...
has achieved financial success
To be great, a person should ...
has invented new products
To me, greatness means ...
has made great discoveries
Why do you think that
serves as a good role model
That's true, but ...
brings happiness to other people
I want to be like_____ because he/she ...
makes great contributions to society
Sample
Hello, everyone! The greatest person I know of is Dr Zhong Nanshan, who managed the SARS outbreaks in China in 2003. Now it's he who prevented the COVID-19 from quick spread all over the country once again. To me, greatness means sacrifice and devotion. Dr Zhong Nanshan took risks entering the isolated area to cure the patients, summarizing the infected but recovered cases and sharing his successful experience with other home and abroad doctors. He serves as a good role model and makes great contributions to society. That's all. Thank you!
found vt.创立；建立；把……建立在
Eg: Elon Musk founded high-tech and futuristic companies.
埃隆·马斯克创立高科技和未来主义公司。
Key points
[归纳拓展]
founder n. 建立者；发起人
foundation n. 基础；基金
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. Tsinghua University, _________(found) in 1911, is one of the best
universities in China.
2. He was one of the _________(found) of the university's medical
faculty.
founded
founders
infer vt. 推断；推定
Eg: At other times, the reason is given right after the opinion or decision, and the link can be inferred.在其他时候，原因是在意见或决定之后给出的，并且可以推断出其中的联系。
[归纳拓展]
infer sth from sth 从……推断出
infer that 推断......
inference n.推论；推断
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. I _______(infer) from what she said that you have not been well.
2. There were two _________(infer) to be drawn from her letter.
inferred
inferences
Have you learned to listen for gist, opinions and reasons now (共23张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 5
Assessing Your Progress
新 课 导 入
Review
Say the meaning of these words or phrases as quickly as possible!
encounter
consequence
come to power
insist
crucial
evaluate
circumstance
sum up
novelist
gentle
patent
commit
defeat
1.复习和练习非限制性定语从句以及本单元中一些关键单词和
短语的用法；
2.能学会写读书报告；
3. 能通过观看有关梅兰芳的视频，学会谈论他的成就。
课 堂 学 习
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1
1. To our surprise, he was actually the _______ and caring father of three children.
2. To _________, his fame and wealth were gained through hard work and his in-
depth knowledge of his business.
3. A genius for invention, Thomas Edison obtained scores of _________.
4. Under no _____________ should we do terrible things to other people.
5. As a botanist, he takes notes on the properties of any plant he ____________.
6. The first-person narrator is a stylistic device that has been used by many
_________ and poets throughout the ages.
gentle sum up circumstance encounter novelist patent
gentle
sum up
patents
circumstances
encounters
novelists
2. patent
n. 专利; 专利证书 adj. 有专利的
Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss _____________.
爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找了份作为职员的工作。
patentee n. 专利权(所有)人
patent office 专利局
patent office
1. encounter v. 偶然碰到; 遇到 n. 邂逅; 遭遇
encounter with sb. /sth. 突然的或意外的(尤指敌对的)相遇
In fact, Einstein often ____________ people on the street.
事实上, 爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到人。
encountered
3. sum up 总结; 概括
in sum 总而言之; 大体上
a large sum of 一大笔; 大量的
Does the writer __________ how he/she feels about this person
作者是否总结了他/她对这个人的感觉
My meaning, _________, is that you must stay.
简单地说, 我的意思就是你必须留下来。
sum up
in sum
What do you know about Sun Yat-sen Read the passage, and then fill in the blanks with relative pronouns or adverbs.
2
Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) was widely considered to be the founder and forerunner of modern China. He was only in power for a short time, when he was president of the country in 1912. So it may seem odd to some people ________ knowledge of China may be limited that he is such an important figure. However, his influence is not based on his time in office, but on his continuous struggle for a better society and his concern for all Chinese people. He also put forward many advanced ideas _________ brought the Chinese people together, in particular, the Three Principles of the People.
whose
that/which
These principles were inspired by Lincoln, ___________ he admired, and were developed when he was travelling overseas, _________ he went to find support for his country. The first principle is about nationalism, ________ indicates that China should never be divided and should not be under any foreign control. The second is about people's rights. It means that all people have great value and should also have the same rights. The third is about people’s livelihood, ________ means that the government should create opportunities for people to make a good living.
who(m)
where
which
which
※ Project: Prepare a book report
Which great person would you like to read more about
Discuss these questions in groups.
1
1 Have you ever read a biography or an autobiography of a great person
Would you recommend this book Why or why not
2 Which great person would you like to read more about
3 Where can you find recommendations for good biographies or
autobiographies
The book tells the life story of the novelist Cao Xueqin, author of The Dream of the Red Mansions. Cao was born to a rich family but suffered great poverty for most of his life. He drew on his life experiences to write this famous novel, which was published after his death.
Even though Keller wrote this autobiography when she was only 22 years old, it is considered a great book in American literature. It tells about her dark and silent childhood, and how her teacher Anne Sullivan, opened up a new world to her by teaching her how to communicate.
Isaacson interviewed Steve Jobs over forty times, and interviewed hundreds of Jobs’ friends, relatives and rivals to sum up Jobs’ remarkable life. The result is an interesting story of a man driven to succeed and driven to make perfect products.
Choose a biography or autobiography of a great person. Read the book, and then write a book report. Keep these points in mind:
2
Use the examples above to help you.
Write about how the book makes you feel or think about that person.
Write about your overall feelings about the book and its quality.
Give your opinion: Should others read this book as well Why or why not
Sample
The Story of My Life, by Helen Keller, 1903
Helen Keller (1880-1968) was one of the most motivational figures in the 20th century. In many ways, she stood in the face of a great challenge, losing her sight and hearing at a very young age, and against all odds led a successful and long life. Helen Keller wrote this biography herself at the age of 22. She wrote at first about her family before her illness, and then continued with documenting her thoughts and feelings after the illness that caused her to become unable to hear and see. It is Helen Keller's strength of character and determination demonstrated in this book that inspires me most. Anyone interested in her and in how to overcome challenges in life should read this book.
Present your book report to your group. Answer any questions about the book.
3
※ Video Time
Mei Lanfang: Great Artist, Cultural Ambassador
Mei Lanfang is still known today as one of the masters of Beijing Opera. He played a key role in bringing Beijing Opera to the world, leading to the international status and recognition that it has today. Mei Lanfang is still widely remembered for his skill, his kindness, and his deep love for his country.
Before you watch
Try to match the time phrases with the events in Mei Lanfang’s life.
1 at age 8 A born in Beijing
2 in his 20s B succeeded in taking Beijing Opera to tne USA
3 in 1919 C died of heart disease
4 after eight years of attempts D developed a style called the "Mei Lanfana School"
5 over 50 years on stage E began to travel and perform abroad
6 in 1961 F started to learn Beijing Opera
7 in 1894 G became known internationally for his acting skill
While you watch
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Complete the sentences.
1) The great Indian author Rabindranath Tagore ___________________________
about Mei Lanfang.
2) In the USA, many fans __________________ after the performances to shake
his hand.
3) Mei Lanfang brought Beijing Opera abroad so that more people could
______________________________ of Chinese culture and art.
4) When Japanese troops invaded China, Mei Lanfang
_____________________________________________.
was inspired to write a poem
stood in long queues
understand and appreciate the beauty
refused to do any performances for their entertainment
After you watch
Discuss these questions in groups.
1. How did Mei Lanfang become a legend in the art of Beijing Opera
2. Why is Mei Lanfang greatly loved by so many people
Because of his great acting skill and because he took traditions from the past and adapted the best parts to create new and enrich old forms of Beijing Opera.
Because of his acting skills, his great kindness to all people and his deep love for his country.
3. Who else can you think of that has committed himself/herself to the
development of China’s art or music culture
There are many people who have committed themselves to the development of China’s art or music culture. For example, one person I admire is Qi Baishi, a great traditional Chinese painter, who was famous for painting simple and small things like shrimps, fish, flowers, etc.
REFLECTING
Did this unit cause you to change your thoughts about greatness
If so, how
Will what you have learnt in this unit inspire you to improve yourself If so, how
What was the most important idea that you learnt in this unit
Overall, I thought this unit was inspiring useful so-so
difficult(共32张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 4
Using Language (Ⅱ)
Introduce someone you admire
新 课 导 入
Guessing a riddle
Who is he
a genius with a strong passion
one of the most intelligent people
the general theory of relativity(广义相对论）
the winner of the Nobel Prize for physics
famous saying “strive not to be a man of success, but rather a man of value”.
1.通过阅读传记来收集关于一位伟大科学家的信息并掌握人物
传记类的语篇特点；
2.能学会写一篇人物简介。
课 堂 学 习
Pre-reading
Read and predict what you will read from the text.
The headline:
The Man Who Changed Our Understanding of the Universe
His contributions and achievements
His scientific discovery
His personal qualities
His likes and dislikes…
Read the text and complete the timeline.
1
Failed to enter university
Graduated from university
Born in Germany
1879
1896
1955
1933
Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics
1895
Entered university
1900
Took a job
as a clerk
1902
1905
Entered research full-time at a university
1909
1922
Fled
Germany
Passed away
Earned a doctorate in physics and published four extraordinary physics papers
While-reading
___________
___________ to Albert Einstein
General
introduction
___________ ___________ of Albert Einstein
Detailed
information
___________ to Einstein’s death
Reaction
Introduction
Body
Summary
Structure :
Read and sum up the main points of each paragraph.
Key words:
The greatest…the smartest…a genius… courageous, made numerous contributions to the world
Introduction ( his great contributions and personalities)
Key words:
Born, tried to enter university, after studying, enter university, graduating
His early life and education
Key words:
Took a job, working there, published… papers, quit his job, enter research, was awarded
His work experience and achievements
Key words:
Found the door of academic institutions closed to him, had to flee Germany
His middle-life crisis
Rhetoric device 修辞手法
Metaphor 暗喻，隐喻
5
Key words:
A slightly-odd-looking but kind and funny man
Had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just an electric shock
His appearance
Key words:
Forget things, helped a little girl, encountered people, asked him to help explain things
+ Stories showing his personalities
Rhetoric device 修辞手法
Personification 拟人
Rhetoric device 修辞手法
Simile 明喻
6
On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
Einstein’s death
Rhetoric device 修辞手法
Euphemism 委婉
In pairs, discuss the following questions.
2
He failed to pass his university entrance exam
He failed to get a good job
He had to flee Germany
Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life
2. What impressed you most about Einstein State your reasons.
I am impressed most by how friendly and easy he was to approach. Even when he was busy and did not want to be bothered, he still found a way to deal with people in gentleness and good humour.
Post-reading
Study the organisation and language features.
3
1. What type of writing is the text How does the writer develop the text
2. Find the descriptions that tell us what Einstein looked like and what kind
of person he was.
The text is a biography. It is developed in time order.
He had a thick moustache ... received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, ... his friends' birthdays. But despite... loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story ... with her homework. In fact, ... help explain things. After many such... "Pardon me! sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!"
3. What rhetorical devices(修辞手法) are used in the passage
Give examples.
① the doors of academic institutions closed
Metaphor 暗喻，隐喻
④ Einstein had passed away
Euphemism 委婉
Personification 拟人
Simile 明喻
② (long white hair) stood on end
③ as though he had just received an electric shock
Language points
1. [教材原句] He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being① the general theory② of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. 他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
①【句式剖析】
本句中的the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2是独立主格结构。
其基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+动词-ing形式。
【句式拓展】
独立主格还可以用“名词/代词+过去分词/动词不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”表示。
e.g.The job not finished,we couldn’t see the film.
②theory n. 理论；学说
【词汇拓展】
theorist n. 理论家 theoretical adj. 理论上的 theoretically adv. 理论上
e.g.Theoretically, the price is supposed to be marked on the shelf.
2. [教材原句]While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
passion / p n/ n. 酷爱；激情
【词汇拓展】
passionate adj. 狂热的
【短语拓展】
full of passion 充满激情
have a passion for 对……充满激情/爱好
fly into a passion 勃然大怒,大发雷霆
with passion 充满激情
单句语法填空
(1)We have a passion______American literature.
(2)He flew______a passion when he heard the news.
for
into
3. [教材原句] Circumstances① changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power② in Germany. 1933年，希特勒在德国上台，形势发生了变化。
①circumstance n.条件;环境;状况
【短语拓展】
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
under/in no circumstances 无论如何不,决不(放在句首时,句子要用倒装)
under any circumstances 在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许的话
【温馨提示】
以下短语均意为“决不;无论如何也不”,置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序：at no time,in no way,in no sense,on no account,on no condition等。
②come to/into power （开始）掌权；上台
come to/into power为非延续性动词短语,不可与时间段连用;而be in power则可以与时间段连用。
【短语拓展】
come into being 产生
come into use 开始使用
come into effect 生效
be in power 执政，掌权
beyond/out of one’s power 力所不能及的
within one’s power 力所能及的
be in (one’s) power 执政
take power 掌权
do everything in one’s power to do sth 竭尽所能做某事
4.【教材原句】Einstein,who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.爱因斯坦是犹太人,他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。
【句法分析】
句中“found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.”为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。closed为动词-ed形式做宾语补足语,动词close与the doors of academic institutions之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动。find的复合宾语结构如下:
5. 【教材原句】As a consequence①, he had to flee② Germany. 因此，他不得不逃离德国。
①as a consequence = in consequence 结果，因此
【词汇拓展】
consequence n. 结果，后果
consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之而来的
consequently adv. 结果，因此
【短语拓展】
in consequence of/as a consequence of=as a result of 由于……原因
take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth) 承担……的后果
②flee vi.& vt.(fled,fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
【短语拓展】
flee to/into逃到……
flee (from)从……逃跑
flee in all directions/every direction 四处逃窜
flee out逃出
单句语法填空
(1)A severe flood strikes the city and there is a __________(consequence) shortage of food.
(2)He studied hard,and consequence he passed the exam easily.
(3)He spent six months in prison before (flee) from his country.
consequent
in
fleeing
6. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. 在欧洲度过一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。
take up a position 担任；任职
e.g.He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council.
【短语拓展】
take up 接受;开始做;继续;占据(空间);占用(时间)
take in 理解;欺骗;收留
take off 脱去;起飞;突然大受欢迎
take on 呈现;雇用
7.【教材原句】He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发,有时头发都竖了起来,就像刚挨了一次电击似的。
【句法分析】
句中连词as though=as if,表示“似乎,好像”。
引导方式状语从句。as though有以下三种用法:
(1)在look,seem等连系动词后,引导表语从句。
(2)引导方式状语从句。
(3)as though/if引导的用虚拟语气的从句中的时态如下:
虚拟的时间 从句中的谓语时态
现在 一般过去时（be动词用were）
过去 过去完成时（had done）
将来 过去将来时（would do）
【温馨提示】
如果as though/if从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且含有助动词be的某种形式时,则从句中的主语和助动词be都可省略。
单句语法填空。
(1)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it __________(break).
(2)Jack wasn’t saying anything,but the teacher smiled at him as if he________(do) something very clever.
were broken
had done
8.【教材原句】On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日,据报道,爱因斯坦去世了,全世界都为这位伟大科学家的逝世而哀悼。
【句法分析】
1) It is reported that...是一个固定句式,翻译成:“据报道……”。其中it为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。
2)It is reported that...为“It+be+动词-ed形式+that从句”结构。常用于该结构中的动词-ed形式有:said,known,believed, thought,proved,announced, expected,stated 等。
3)“It+be+动词-ed形式+that从句”结构可改写为“Sb+be+动词-ed形式+to do sth”结构。其中不定式根据情况有时态的变化。
9.【教材原句】Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用你的笔记写下你的介绍并总结你对这个人的感觉。
sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和
【短语拓展】
sum up 总结；概括
to sum up 概括地说
in sum 总之；总而言之
e.g.To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
e.g.In sum, talent is not so important as working hard in either study or daily work.
Writing
4
Write an introduction about someone you admire.
Step 1 Choose the person you're going to write about.
Step 2 Make a list of things you're going to write.
Step 3 Finish and revise your draft with your partner.
Step 4 Share your writing.
Step 1 Choose the person you're going to write about.
It should be someone you think is great in some way. It can be an ordinary person, such as a parent, a relative, or a friend.
Step 2 Make a list of things to write.
Some basic information about the person:
appearance, personality, etc.
The life experience and the remarkable achievements about the person
What impressed you most/How you feel about the person
Step 3 Finish and revise your draft.
Does the writer describe the person's appearance and personality
Does the writer tell an impressive story of the person's life
Does the writer say why the person is great
Does the writer sum up how he/she feels about this person
The checklist may help you...
Step 4 Share your writing.
Write an introduction about Confucius.
明确体裁话题
确定时态人称
布局文章架构
列出核心要点
开头：人物概况
展开：事迹，生平
结尾：评价
人物介绍: 孔子
文体：记叙文
一般过去时、一般现在时、第三人称
1.孔子生平
2.《论语》简介及其评价
Sample Writing
Confucius
Confucius, known as Kong Zi in China, is a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was born in the Lu State in 551 BC. When it was Spring and Autumn Period, he died in 479 BC at the age of 73.
As the founder of Confucianism, Confucius devoted his whole life to building a harmonious and humanistic society. The Analects of Confucius was his most famous work.
Confucius has lasting and deep influence on China's politics, economy and culture. Not only is Confucius the pride of China, but his thoughts and works also belong to the whole world.
人物简介的一般步骤可以概括为5个字: 概、貌、育、平、评。
1. 概指概况: age, sex, birth-place, background
2. 貌指外貌: appearance, character, hobby
3. 育指教育: education process
4. 平指生平: big events in one’s life(in order of time)
5. 评指评价: evaluation(共37张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 1
Reading and Thinking (1)
新 课 导 入
Do you know who the woman is in the photo and what is happening
Let’s see the video
1.能够通过扫读策略，快速获取文本中的一些细节信息；
2.能学习伟人屠呦呦的优秀品质并了解她获得诺贝尔奖的原因。
课 堂 学 习
Pre-reading
Before you read, discuss these questions in groups.
1. What kind of person makes great discoveries
A person who is ___, ___, ___and ... is very likely to make great discoveries.
hard-working determined
intelligent confident
curious brave/courageous
patient ambitious
devoted/committed persistent/persevering
2. Which is more important for making a great discovery, talent or effort
I think both talent and effort are important for making discoveries,
because without either of them it is impossible or difficult to achieve success.
because without either of them success is an impossible dream.
Scan the text and find descriptive words about Tu Youyou.
2
Scanning
Find description words
Pay attention to the descriptive words in a passage. These will help you form a better impression of the subject described in the passage.
a committed and patient scientist
Match the main ideas with each paragraph.
Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize for discovering artemisinin
the brief introduction of Tu Youyou and her research
the discovery of artemisinin
the self-assessment of her achievement
Careful-reading
Circle the answers to the questions below.
3
1. Where would you most likely find this passage
A In a blog. B In a book. C In a letter. D In a newspaper.
2. Passages like this are most often written in and .
A the active voice/offer many opinions
B the first person/talk about feelings
C both active and passive voices/mostly contain facts
3. Which two pieces of information were not included in the passage
A A quote from Tu Youyou.
B The details of how artemisinin was discovered.
C Tu Youyou’s important contributions other than the discovery of artemisinin.
D Tu Youyou’s personal life.
E Tu Youyou’s road to discovering artemisinin.
F What Tu Youyou was awarded
G Why artemisinin is an important discovery.
Para. 4
Para. 3
Para. 2&3
Para. 1
Para. 1
Read Para. 1 and complete the mind map on the worksheet.
The Nobel Prize
6 October 2015
who
Tu Youyou
what
the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
why
the discovery of artemisinin
when
Read Para. 2-4 and complete the task on the worksheet.
Born in Ningbo, China
Chosen to be the first researchers
Tested the medicine on themselves and later on patients
Graduated from Peking University Medical School
Became the head of the project in Beijing
Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine
1930
1967
1971
1955
1969
2015
Tu and her discovery
Read the text again and answer the questions.
4
1. Why is the discovery of artemisinin important
Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has improved the health for millions of people.
2. What was the key to getting a good extract from the wormwood
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract.
3. What numbers are mentioned in the text What do they suggest
Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. (Para 1)
Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. (Para 2)
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. (Para3)
These figures suggested how big problem malaria is and the great significance of the discovery.
These numbers suggested the patience and persistence of Tu and her team.
4. Why is Tu Youyou considered a great person
Because countless lives have been saved thanks to her discovery.
Because she is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science.
Complete the flow chart. Then tell the story how artemisinin was discovered.
5
Tu Youyou's team
examined 1 ,
and evaluated 2 .
They found a
medical text
suggesting 3 .
They
tested 4 .
They tried
5 , but 6 .
1. old medical texts
2. 280,000 plants
3. using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever
4. dried wormwood leaves
5. boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid
6. this did not work either
Answers:
They tested the
medicine 8 to see if safe.
They tested
the medicine
on 9 .
The medicine
became 10 for malaria.
They used a 7 the sweet wormwood
extract.
7. lower temperature to draw out
8. on themselves
9. malaria patients
10. a standard treatment
Answers:
Post-reading
Read and think.
From the sentences below, can you tell what kind of person Tu Youyou is
1. Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist
2. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
3. Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing
4. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties.
5. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
6. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.
7. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
committed and patient
excellent/extraordinary/ outstanding/professional /exceptional/hardworking/ talented
hardworking/patient
persistent/ the spirit of never-give-up
selfless/devoted/committed
人教 选择性必修第一册
Unit 1
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
Period 1
Reading and Thinking (2)
Language points
1. [教材原句] This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research① led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial② new treatment for malaria. 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(获奖者之一)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现，这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。
①【句式分析】whose research ...是一个whose引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tu Youyou,相当于the research of whom结构。
【归纳拓展】
whose引导定语从句作定语, 先行词是人时, whose + n. 相当于the +n. +of whom。先行词是物时, whose + n. 相当于the +n. +of which。
② crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
E.g.Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
【归纳拓展】
◎be crucial to/for… 对……至关重要
◎play a crucial role/part in… 在……中起至关重要的作用
◎It is crucial that… ……极其重要
(that引导的主语从句中谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略)
2. [教材原句] Artemisinin has become a vital① part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought② to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。
① vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
E.g. It is vital to get medical supplies to the area as soon as possible.
【归纳拓展】
◎be vital to/for 对……至关重要
◎It is vital to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的
◎It is vital that… ……是至关重要的
用于“It is+adj.+that”结构中且从句常用“should+动词原形”结构的形容词还有:important,essential,necessary,natural, strange等。
② is thought这是and连接的一个并列谓语，这是一个简单句。另一个并列的谓语has become。
◎ be thought to do sth. 表示“被认为……”，该句型可以转化为It is/was thought that… 。
本句可以转化为：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and it is thought that artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
3. [教材原句] Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. 屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院，是一位敬业、耐心的科学家。
committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
E. g. They are committed socialists.
commit vt. 承诺；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证
vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
E. g. Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics.
【归纳拓展】
◎be committed to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事很坚定；承诺(做)某事
◎commit sb./sth. to sth. 将某人/某事交给某处保留
◎commit oneself to doing ... 承诺；保证做某事
◎commit a crime/murder/suicide 犯罪/杀人/自杀
◎commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
4. [教材原句] In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967年，中国政府成立了一个科学家团队，目的是发现治疗疟疾的新方法，屠呦呦是第一批被选中的研究人员。
【句式分析】这是一个由and连接而成的并列复合句。介词短语with the objective... 作第一个分句的状语，表示目的。短语中的objective也可用aim、purpose、goal等替换。
第二个分句中chosen是过去分词作定语，修饰the first researchers。分词或分词短语作定语经常后置。
E.g. the trees newly planted by the river 河边新种的树木
5. [教材原句] However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge① defeat②. 然而，屠呦呦不承认失败。
① acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢
E.g.They acknowledged having given up the ship at last.
【归纳拓展】
◎acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事
◎acknowledge that… 承认……
◎acknowledge… as/to be… 认为……是……
◎It is generally/widely acknowledged that… 普遍认为……
◎acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
② defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
E.g. This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day.
【归纳拓展】
◎suffer a defeat 遭受失败
◎accept/acknowledge defeat 接受/承认失败
◎defeat an enemy 打败敌人
◎defeat sb. 击败某人
6. [教材原句] Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上试验药物，以确保其安全性。
insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求 insisted on 坚决要求
E.g. She insisted on going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.
【归纳拓展】
◎ insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚决要求(做)某事
◎ insist后面可接that从句，分两种情况：①当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略；②当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
7. [教材原句] Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said ... 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
【句式分析】在本句中，“介词upon＋动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。Upon还可转换为介词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”。
E.g. Upon realizing the importance of environmental protecting, our government takes effective measures to manage it.
【归纳拓展】 “一……就……”的句型小结
◎ As soon as/Once/When＋时间状语从句，＋主句
◎ The moment/instant/second/minute＋时间状语从句，＋主句
◎ Instantly/Immediately/Directly＋时间状语从句，＋主句
◎ On/Upon＋动名词/名词，＋主句
◎ No sooner had＋主语＋过去分词…＋(从句) than＋主语＋动词的过去式
◎ Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely＋had＋主语＋过去分词…＋(从句) when/before＋动词的过去式
Write down the word that matches each definition. Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.
1
1 ________ cook something in very hot water
2 ________ relating to plants
3 ________ qualities or characteristics of something
4 ________ a kind of substance that flows freely, such as water or milk 5 ________ physical material that exists
boil
botanical
properties
liquid
substance
Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots.
2
1. The two flowers are quite distinct from one another, so it is easy to make a
____________ between them.
2. Scientists need to _________ how the new material stands up to wear and tear to
prove how valuable it is.
3. A talented scientist well known for his ____________ to his country, Huang Danian
committed himself to his research in geophysics.
4. A: Did you come to any conclusions
B: Yes, we __________ that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature, we
could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment.
5. She spends a lot of time ___________ her patients' dreams. This analysis is very
helpful, explaining their daily behaviour very well.
distinction
evaluate
commitment
concluded
analysing
Read the passage about Lu Xun. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
3
insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucial
Lu Xun, _____________ as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1881. In 1904, he went to Japan and became a medical student, with the _________ of improving people's health and saving lives. However, he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo _________ did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.
acknowledged
objective
apparently
From this, he concluded that the _________ problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time. Following this, he quit medical school. When he returned to China in 1908, he _________ a teaching job. In 1917, a friend _________ that he help write for a magazine called New Youth. That was how his first famous short story A Madman's Diary got published.
crucial
obtained
insisted
In pairs, discuss how people can achieve success, using words and expressions you have learnt in this unit.
4
What qualities have you learnt from Tu Youyou in this lesson
commitment
never acknowledge defeat
perseverance
dare to challenge
responsibility
hard work
able to endure hardship
…
qualities
patience
