专题十三：阅读理解命题来源句式【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮专题复习学案
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| 名称 | 专题十三：阅读理解命题来源句式【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮专题复习学案 |  | |
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【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十三 阅读理解命题来源句式
阅读理解是历年高考命题中难度最大、分值比例最高的题，高三英语复习一般要求学生在30～35分钟内完成5篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解。考察最多的是说明文，占45%左右，其次为记叙文，占30%左右，应用文和议论文各占15%和10%。
一、 转折/对比强化句式
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.
3. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat.
4. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
5. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
6. While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life. （前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）
7. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way.
8. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new house of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St. Paul's. （in fact, actually 事实上，表示转折）
9. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)
10. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （even 表示递进）
二、 分类说明（举例/ 讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.
三、 原因/结果突出
[常用词汇：because / as / since / for /as a result / cause / make / contributed to / rest on / rest in / marked by / one result / therefore / aimed at]
1.As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything.（as 引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）
2. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. ...
3. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. （cause, make 等表示使动含义的动词）
4. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.
5. Women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by shared activities.（rest on 基于……）
6. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
7. The major market force rests in the growing Population of white-collar employees. （rest in 在于…）
8. …the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
9. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. （aim at 目标）
10. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves..
11. Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment(环境)friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.
四、 强调句/倒装句加强表达力度
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
2. Where was it that you found your lost pen
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.
5. Outsides were two men.
五、 使用rather (than) / instead / more than / less than
1.With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0’c, it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing hotel break.
2.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
3.In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United Stated, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem.
4.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
5.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild.
6.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
7.Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.
8.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
六、使用比较级
1.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
2.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
3.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
4.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
（2023全国Ⅰ卷）Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2500 rental shops.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
（2023全国乙卷）Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
27题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
考纲解读
知识链接
真题链接
19
专题十三 阅读理解命题来源句式
阅读理解是历年高考命题中难度最大、分值比例最高的题，高三英语复习一般要求学生在30～35分钟内完成5篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解。考察最多的是说明文，占45%左右，其次为记叙文，占30%左右，应用文和议论文各占15%和10%。
一、 转折/对比强化句式
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.
3. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat.
4. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
5. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
6. While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life. （前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）
7. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way.
8. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new house of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St. Paul's. （in fact, actually 事实上，表示转折）
9. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)
10. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （even 表示递进）
二、 分类说明（举例/ 讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.
三、 原因/结果突出
[常用词汇：because / as / since / for /as a result / cause / make / contributed to / rest on / rest in / marked by / one result / therefore / aimed at]
1.As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything.（as 引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）
2. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. ...
3. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. （cause, make 等表示使动含义的动词）
4. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.
5. Women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by shared activities.（rest on 基于……）
6. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
7. The major market force rests in the growing Population of white-collar employees. （rest in 在于…）
8. …the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
9. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. （aim at 目标）
10. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves..
11. Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment(环境)friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.
四、 强调句/倒装句加强表达力度
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
2. Where was it that you found your lost pen
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.
5. Outsides were two men.
五、 使用rather (than) / instead / more than / less than
1.With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0’c, it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing hotel break.
2.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
3.In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United Stated, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem.
4.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
5.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild.
6.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
7.Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.
8.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
六、使用比较级
1.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
2.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
3.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
4.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
（2023全国Ⅰ卷）Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2500 rental shops.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
（2023全国乙卷）Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
27题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
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