阅读理解之写作意图
Part 4 真题检测:
3．A
【来源】2023年北京卷英语真题
【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices(牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。
5．D
【来源】2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
推理判断题。根据第三段的““We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”(哈特利说:“我们关注的是城市地区，在那里接触自然往往不那么容易。我们认为这是一个尝试打破人与自然之间日益疏远的机会。”)”可知，Hartley在英国领导的这个项目的目的是让人们接近自然，故选D。
10．A
【来源】2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
14．C
【来源】2021年全国甲卷英语真题
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措。直到我有了一个发现)”以及文章第二段“Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters.(泰晤士河东段的南岸，是英国滑板运动的中心，在那里，滑板不断的碰撞声让你的脑袋嗡嗡作响。我喜欢那里。我很快就和当地的滑板手交了朋友)”及文章倒数第二段“When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I’d given it up.(我15岁时，我全家搬到了华盛顿。我试着在那里玩滑板，但当地人远不那么热情。几年之内，我就放弃了)”以及文章最后一段“When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring.(当我2004年回到伦敦时，我发现自己在南岸闲逛，在那里呆了几个小时。从那以后，我已经回去好几次了，最近一次是今年春天)”可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的。故选C。
17．D
【来源】2024届辽宁省本溪市平山区本溪市高级中学高三一模英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽油和柴油汽车虽然仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展，而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. (除了在道路上的进步，电动汽车也正在走向海洋和天空。电动船是最古老的电动交通工具之一，从19世纪末到20世纪初，在汽油动力的舷外发动机接管之前，电动船已经流行了几十年。现在，全球对可再生能源的推动正在使电动船回归。电动飞机的发展也在取得进展，空客和美国国家航空航天局都在开发和测试电池驱动的飞机)”可知，电动交通工具以不同的方式出现在陆路，海上及空中。由此推知，第四段的作用是描述电动交通工具的不同的用途。故选D。
22．D
【来源】2023届广东省广州市高三上学期调研测试（一模）英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了古艺术品能够传递一定的农业信息，为农作物变化的研究提供线索。
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time.”（德斯梅特说，小麦只是历史艺术品如何让我们追踪粮食作物随时间变化的一个例子。）和最后一段中“Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media.”（最终，该团队希望创建一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库。他们通过社交媒体寻求世界各地艺术爱好者的贡献。）故可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍粮食作物变化研究。故选D项。
23．A 24．A 25．D 26．D
【来源】2022届广东省广州市高三一模考试英语试题
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍一本名叫 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet 的书。
推断判断题。根据题目找主旨定位到文章第一段中“A book like that for me was released this week. It’s called 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet, written by editor Pamela Paul(这周出版了一本类似的书。这是编辑帕梅拉·保罗所著的《我们被网络遗忘的100件事》)”可知本书由Pamela Paul 所写，名叫 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet 的书，后续的文段都在介绍此书，可知文章的目的是回顾并推荐一本好书。故选A。
30．B
【来源】广东省佛山市普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期教学质量检测（一）（一模）英语试题
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了电动汽车应用的益处与仍然存在的不足，同时说明了电力运输的未来前景。
句意猜测题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Our planet’s health depends on zeroing out carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, and yet, by the timetable needed to address the climate challenge, the shift away from gas-powered vehicles remains far too slow.”（我们星球的健康取决于到2050年消除二氧化碳排放，然而，按照应对气候挑战所需的时间表，从汽油驱动的汽车转向天然气驱动的速度仍然太慢。）及“Nevertheless, the train has left the station. Someday, electric-powered transportation will be as common as air.”（然而，火车已经离开了车站。总有一天，电力运输会像空气一样普及。）可知，作者说“火车已经离开了车站”是为了表明电力运输的使用已经起航，绿色交通正在发展中。故选B项。
34．D
【来源】2023届西南联盟“3 3 3”高考备考诊断性联考（一）英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种传统的老北京声音。
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“The co-founder of Fen Sonic HQ, a cultural institute that will run the museum, is Colin Siyuan Chinnery, a British-Chinese artist and collector of Beijing’s sounds. He lists the sounds and cries used by medicine sellers, doctors and knife sharpeners. Many of these will feature in an exhibit about old Beijing.”（芬音总部(Fen Sonic HQ)是一家文化机构，将负责该博物馆的运营。该机构的联合创始人是科林·思源·钦纳里(Colin Siyuan Chinnery)，一位英裔华裔艺术家，也是北京声音的收藏家。他列出了卖药者、医生和磨刀者使用的声音和哭声。其中许多都将在老北京的展览中展出。）推知，举办声音展览的主要目的是展现老北京的特色。故选D项。
37．A
【来源】2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研（一）英语试卷
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们在自己家里听同样的故事时，他们的心率是相同的。
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“When people listen to the same story — each alone in their own home — their heart rates rise and fall together, according to a new study published last month in Cell Reports.(根据上个月发表在《细胞报告》(Cell Reports)上的一项新研究，当人们在自己家里听同样的故事时，他们的心率会同时上升和下降)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了报告一项研究发现。故选A。
42．A
【来源】2023届浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估试题英语试题
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过描述博物馆的展览，阐述了博物馆在不同文化之间架起来沟通的桥梁，帮助不同文化增进欣赏和理解。
推理判断题。根据最后一段Howard说的话“I think having access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated, and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding about all the people we share this planet with. (我认为，有机会了解其他文化创造了什么，他们重视和欣赏什么，以及对他们来说重要的是什么，这对于建立与我们共享这个星球的所有人的理解非常重要。)”可知，Howard认为通过参观博物馆可以让人们了解其他文化，因此推断他认为建立博物馆可以在不同文化之间架起桥梁。故选A。
46．C
【来源】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三下学期一模模拟英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以提高幸福感的方法。
推理判断题。根据第一段“How are you feeling today Often when we ask people that question, they reply ‘not bad’, or ‘could be worse’. But what would make us feel ‘perfect’ Maybe we could live better by being healthier, less stressed, more motivated—but how (你今天感觉怎么样？通常当我们问别人这个问题时，他们的回答是“还行”，或者“可能更糟”。但是什么会让我们感觉“完美”呢？也许我们可以通过更健康、更少压力、更有动力来生活得更好——但怎么做呢？)”以及第二段“Of course there are many ways of improving our mental health, but sometimes there are small and simple solutions to helping improve our wellbeing.(当然，有很多方法可以改善我们的心理健康，但有时也有一些小而简单的解决方案来帮助改善我们的幸福)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是提供一些提高幸福感的方法。故选C。
47．B
【来源】2023届山东省济南市高三上学期学情检测（一模）英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AIDA模式是现代市场营销和广告实践的基础以及它是如何工作的。
推理判断题。根据第一段“AIDA can channel the customer’s feelings through each stage toward reaching a sale.(AIDA可以引导客户的感受通过每个阶段来达成销售) ”可推知，实践AIDA就是为了增加销售。故选B。
54．C
【来源】2022届山东省青岛市高考一模英语试题
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《午夜图书馆》这本书，讲述了故事内容以及这本书带给作者的感悟。
推理判断题。根据第三段中“I loved the idea that no dream or fork in your road is insignificant, and that they all lead us to become different versions of ourselves.(我喜欢这个想法，没有梦想，没有岔路口是微不足道的，它们都能让我们成为不同版本的自己)”以及倒数第二段“It also discusses how dangerous it can be to live your life with regrets. The Midnight Library revealed to Nora that even if you make very different choices, you may uncover a deeper appreciation for your current home and the people in your life. It is your perspective that matters. (它还讨论了生活中充满遗憾是多么危险。《午夜图书馆》通过诺拉揭示了，即使你做出了非常不同的选择，你也可能会对你现在的家和生活中的人有更深的感激之情。重要的是你的观点)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是分享作者对这本书的看法。故选C。
58．B
【来源】2022届山东省青岛市高考一模英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例“对同一个问题的不同反应”来引出主题——成长心态和固定心态。引用了心理学家们的理论和实验结果来对成长心态和固定心态进行区别，并且侧重了成长心态的重要性。
推理判断题。根据第一段“Think back to when you were in a maths classroom, and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted (回想一下你在数学课上，老师出了一道难题。下面两种反应哪一种更接近你的反应 )”可知作者以这个问题和两种回答引出本文的话题，而最后一段“Psychologists have been testing these theories. Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year. The results were nothing less than incredible. They came top in regional tests, beating children from much more privileged backgrounds. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity, but they came to see it as the key to learning.(心理学家们一直在检验这些理论。在印第安人保留地，表现不佳的孩子接触了成长心态技术一年。结果简直令人难以置信。他们在地区考试中排名第一，击败了来自更多特权背景的孩子。这些孩子以前曾觉得努力是愚蠢的表现，但他们开始把努力看作是学习的关键。)”由此可知，作者写这篇文章是想要说明成长心态的重要性，让读者重视这一点。故选B。阅读理解之写作意图
Part 1 题型详解：
推理判断写作目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点。一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，做这类题时，要站在作者的角度上看问题。预测在2024高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
Part 2 常见设问方式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to _______.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the ... paragraph to ________.
Part 3 解题方法指导:
1.关注文章体裁，理解文章写作手法。
2. 理解作者的词句选择和语气。
Part 4 真题检测:
2023年北京卷英语真题
In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
3．What does the author intend to tell us
A．Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
B．Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
C．Current policies facilitate future decision-making.
D．Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.
5．What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK
A．To promote eco-tourism. B．To improve forestry research.
C．To popularise gardening. D．To get people close to nature.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
10．What does the text seem to advocate
A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. B．Balance between work and family.
C．Long-standing cultural traditions. D．Harmony in the work environment.
2021年全国甲卷英语真题
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I’d given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving(穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded(滑)up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
14．What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A．Children should learn a second language.
B．Sport is necessary for children’s health.
C．Children need a sense of belonging
D．Seeing the world is a must for children.
Part 5 模拟练习:
2024届辽宁省本溪市平山区本溪市高级中学高三一模英语试题
Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers’ concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA．
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money.
As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial (商业的) electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim (声称) to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
17．What is the function of Paragraph 4
A．To introduce the history of electric travel.
B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
2023届广东省广州市高三上学期调研测试（一模）英语试题
Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were.“nowadays, however, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of breeding (培育)along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population,” biologist De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen, a friend since childhood, to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape, color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum, where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea. “No, this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like,” he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century.“With all the genetic knowledge we now have, we can look in more detail how something comes about,”De Smet said. “For example, until the 18th century, European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings-they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties.”
Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. “However,” Vergauwen reminds, “if you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century, you might be misled.”
22．What is the purpose of the text
A．To comment on historical plant paintings.
B．To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C．To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D．To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
2022届广东省广州市高三一模考试英语试题
Sometimes a book comes along that isn’t just “interesting” or “well done”— it’s a book where it seems like the author looked into your brain and wrote a book specifically for you. A book like that for me was released this week. It’s called 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet, written by editor Pamela Paul.
Paul lists 100 things we used to do that the Internet has either changed or taken over completely: writing letters, print newspapers, the joys of being bored, and not having all the knowledge in the world in your pocket.
As I’m a longtime accumulator of random knowledge, certain entries on the list—Being the Only One, Figuring Out Who That Actor is—hit me where live; remembering detailed facts is no longer nearly as impressive when everyone has the capability to find the answer in seconds.
On and on the list goes, with every minor shift adding to the pile. What this book does so well is illustrate the growth of that pile; while any individual item might be no big deal, the collected set is significant. It’s a list of ways in which the world now is different from the world then.
Obviously, Paul isn’t saying that everything back then was better. Time marches on, after all. and it’s tough to argue against the many benefits that the Internet has brought into our lives. But that isn’t really the point. It’s not about whether it used to be better. It’s that it used to be different.
100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet is a fun read for those of us who share some of Paul’s memories and experiences. We remember what it was like and we like to remember. The landscape has shifted, and no doubt it will shift again as technology’s advancement continues apace. This book serves as a reminder of the simple truth that when gains are made, sometimes something is lost.
23．What is the purpose of the text
A．To review and recommend a good read.
B．To comment on the effect of the Internet.
C．To argue for the viewpoint of a new book.
D．To urge the readers to value what they have.
广东省佛山市普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期教学质量检测（一）（一模）英语试题
With nearly a quarter of global greenhouse gas coming from all types of transportation, can we keep ourselves off gas-powered vehicles to avoid the worst effects As more governments push for urgent action on climate change, quite a few companies are betting their future – that millions of consumers are finally ready for electricity-powered vehicles. Modern battery-powered cars are selling fast and zero- emission ( 排放) planes are coming. These changes, both leading to a more sustainable future, are reinventing how we get from here to there.
Cars and trucks are undergoing their greatest improvement since the automobile’s (汽车) existence more than a century ago. Almost overnight, the era of the electric car has arrived. Electricity has the advantage that it works without smell and with less noise. Global annual sales of electric vehicles are expected to soar from just over 3 million today to 14 million by 2025. Just a month after Ford unveiled an electric version of the popular F-150, customers had reserved more than 100,000 of them. The price is about $10,000 above the gas-powered one, but Ford says the electric model will cost much less to maintain. Everything creating a green revolution on the ground is of limited help in the sky for the time being.
High-storage batteries are useless at present when it comes to the technological challenge of launching a few hundred people into the sky and carrying them thousands of miles. No battery yet invented can power, say, a Boeing 747 from New York to London. Promising improvements, however, do add up. Developments with zero-emission, battery-powered electric engines are already happening in commercial flight, involving trips of limited duration and distance. Airlines specializing in short journeys with small planes will lead the way to electric flight.
Our planet’s health depends on zeroing out carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, and yet, by the timetable needed to address the climate challenge, the shift away from gas-powered vehicles remains far too slow. Nevertheless, the train has left the station. Someday, electric-powered transportation will be as common as air.
30．What does the author mean by saying “the train has left the station”
A．Train transportation has improved.
B．Green transportation is on its way.
C．The electric train is running regularly.
D．The gas-powered train has become the past.
2023届西南联盟“3 3 3”高考备考诊断性联考（一）英语试题
With one’s eyes closed, Beijing’s main roads sound like any Chinese city. All around is the noise of traffic, accompanied by honks(喇叭声) from delivery motorbikes, recorded safety warnings from buses and the occasional bell of a rental-bicycle. But in the capital’s last hutongs, pieces of an older soundscape can be heard.
The sound of caged crickets (蛐蛐) is one. Hung in the doorways of courtyard homes or small shops, the insects bring a rural note into the city. A quarter-century ago their song was common. Today, cricket-sellers still exist. A big cricket sells for 20 yuan. They are heirs (继承人) to a grand tradition．
Another is the music of steel plates, announcing a knife sharpener’s arrival. Several such specialists still work in Beijing’s streets. Their sounding-plates, together with a distinctive cry, call customers from hutong homes and high-rise flats. But numbers are falling.
An almost-gone Beijing sound is one of the strangest. It is made by homing pigeons, or more precisely by pigeon whistles. Even 20 years ago, it was possible to hear this sound in the hutongs. It was particularly associated with cold winter skies. Alas, modern Beijing is a city in a hurry. Many hutongs have been torn down to make way for wide roads and tall buildings, leaving no room for pigeon houses.
Zhang Baotong is one of Beijing’s last master pigeon-whistle makers. He learned to make whistles in boyhood. Today Mr. Zhang has a workshop lined with certificates calling him a living treasure. But many of his whistles are sold to collectors and never see the sky. Mr. Zhang is advising a museum of sound that will open soon in Songzhuang, a suburb of Beijing that is popular with artists. A rooftop pigeon house is planned, with more than 100 pigeons that will take to the skies for visitors. It is hoped that pigeon whistles will be heard each day over Songzhuang, at least in cooler months.
The co-founder of Fen Sonic HQ, a cultural institute that will run the museum, is Colin Siyuan Chinnery, a British-Chinese artist and collector of Beijing’s sounds. He lists the sounds and cries used by medicine sellers, doctors and knife sharpeners. Many of these will feature in an exhibit about old Beijing.
34．What’s the main purpose of holding a sound exhibition
A．To help people learn to listen.
B．To attract people’s attention.
C．To promote artists’ works.
D．To present the characteristics of old Beijing.
2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研（一）英语试卷
A human heart is so much more than an organ. No one says they left their pancreas (胰 腺) in San Francisco, for example, or that two kidneys (肾脏) beat as one. Yet most of us believe that two hearts can beat as one, and that the heart reveals our real emotions. Now there’s some evidence that such folk wisdom is true.
When people listen to the same story — each alone in their own home — their heart rates rise and fall together, according to a new study published last month in Cell Reports. Professor Lucas Perra, a senior author of the study, said, “It’s the story that drives the heart.”
This finding corresponds with a mountain of research showing that our brains synchronize (同步) when we interact in the same location or participate in the same activity. The new study goes one step further; it tests whether our heart rates become synchronized while taking in the same narrative — even though we’re not in the same room nor even listening at the same time as other listeners.
Marcel Proust wrote at the turn of the 20th century, “the heart does not lie.” Data tells us much the same: The heart’s connection to the brain is so tight that when we hear the same story, our heart rates synchronize. Subjects in the same group produced synchronized heart rate patterns that rose and fell at roughly the same times during the narrative.
The results are“heartwarming,”said Prof.Perra.“Heart rate correlation (关联) between subjects does not require them to actually be interacting, or even be in the same place. It’s not the interaction between people but the story itself that does the trick.”
The point, he said, is that when we listen to the same radio program or watch a Netflix show, our hearts beat together, showing that “we’re not alone.”
37．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this article
A．To report a research finding. B．To argue against an opinion.
C．To tell readers a moving story. D．To call for immediate action.
2023届浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估试题英语试题
Two women in their 50s stand beholding in front of Guanyin of the South China Sea, an ancient Chinese sculpture in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. Over the past 20 years, they have been visiting the museum, describing the “mother Buddha” as “beautiful and tranquil, a symbol of religious traditions in China”. Measuring 2.4 meters high, 1.68 meters wide and 1.1 meters thick, the larger-than-life sculpture was carved from the trunk of a single poplar tree, which has created a sense of calm and warmth in the hall.
Since its launch in 1933, the museum has been actively collecting, preserving, studying and exhibiting works of Chinese art, ranging from ceramics to furniture, and from paintings to sculptures. And its Chinese art collection contains masterpieces in various historical stages.
An exhibition on the theme of Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art was held at the museum, displaying tens of Chinese ancient paintings with images of animals in many art forms. The creatures on the paintings represented celebration, personal messages, and even political and religious agendas.
Organizers of the exhibition produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings in Chinese artistic tradition on the other. The cards are provided for visitors for free.
“I find it very interesting, and the way that the things are drawn is very cool,” says 17-year-old high school student Camden Lombard after visiting the exhibition. “I want to go to China someday to find more,” he adds.
“It’s kind of eye-opening and we’re bringing the world together,” says Makar, an educator with the school outreach and education programs of the museum. “There are so many similarities as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate one another.”
“We’re in a moment when it’s sometimes hard to look outside of your own personal viewpoints,” says Howard, manager of volunteer engagement at the museum. “I think having access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated, and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding about all the people we share this planet with.”
42．What’s the purpose of setting up the museum according to Howard
A．To bridge different cultures. B．To popularize religious symbols.
C．To exchange personal viewpoints. D．To demonstrate Chinese paintings.
江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三下学期一模模拟英语试题
How are you feeling today Often when we ask people that question, they reply ‘not bad’, or ‘could be worse’. But what would make us feel ‘perfect’ Maybe we could live better by being healthier, less stressed, more motivated—but how
Of course there are many ways of improving our mental health, but sometimes there are small and simple solutions to helping improve our wellbeing. It’s something the TV programme Easy Ways to Live Well has been looking at. It suggested several ‘health hacks’ which the programme’s presenters tried and gave their ‘seal of approval’. And maybe they could help us too.
Firstly, to deal with putting on weight and to cut the calories, the programme found sniffing (嗅) peppermint (薄荷) stops our longing for a snack. Presenter, chef and writer Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall says “a scientific theory called ‘mutual competition’ shows that a strong smell can distract our brain from the food we’re thinking about.”
If your addiction to your smartphone is getting you down, it’s suggested that turning your phone screen grey helps you reduce screen time because a black and white screen becomes less attractive to look at. With recent studies showing our phones can make us 26% less productive and increase our stress, it seems like a no-brainer to try this ‘dim’ idea.
Fancy a swim in ice-cold water Well, the TV programme found a daily dip in freezing water gets you used to the stress of doing it and therefore prepares you for other life stresses. And another way to ‘chill out’ is to leave your smartphone at home, immerse yourself in a forest, and breathe in the fresh air. Forest bathing is the perfect tonic for the stresses of urban life.
Other life-improving ideas included things such as singing to reduce pain and walking around more to get away from our sedentary (久坐不动) lives. But whatever way we choose to adopt, it seems any change to our lifestyle can help improve our body and mind.
46．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To tell readers how to be perfect. B．To introduce a popular TV programme.
C．To offer some ways to belter well-being. D．To get rid of some bad habits in daily life.
2023届山东省济南市高三上学期学情检测（一模）英语试题
The AIDA model is the foundation of modern marketing and advertising practice. It outlines the four basic steps used to persuade potentials to make a purchase. The first three steps lie in creating attention (A), decorating interest (I), and building desire (D) for the product, before the fourth step — the “call to action” (A) — tells them exactly how and where to buy. AIDA can channel the customer’s feelings through each stage toward reaching a sale.
Attracting the customer’s attention is the first challenge and this may be achieved by using an attracting phrase or picture. Once someone’s attention has been clutched, it must be turned into real interest. This is best done by providing a brief description of the product’s benefits to the consumer rather than simply listing the product’s main features or problem-solving claims.
Now, it is time to transform that interest into a desire for a product or service. This is where consumers need to believe their lives could be better by possessing the product. It could be a vital step towards turning a potential into a real customer.
“Call-to-action” is where all of the initial hard work pays off and leads to the action from a potential customer. For example, they might pick up the phone to discuss the idea of a trial of the services or, alternatively, they may just buy that product or service that has been promoted to them all along.
And AIDA is used to great effect in the movie industry. Movie studios begin their marketing campaigns months in advance. The campaigns develop by offering attractive flashes of the movie without giving too much away. Desire is inspired by the release of the full preview which is fully designed to show the exciting moments of the movie, from special effects to humorous lines of dialogue on the opening weekend. Advertisements in newspapers and on television focus on the movie’s release, inviting the consumer to go and buy a ticket.
47．What is the purpose of practising AIDA
A．To create jobs. B．To increase sales.
C．To research markets. D．To introduce products.
2022届山东省青岛市高考一模英语试题
Amazing and perfectly beautiful, The Midnight Library is everything you’d expect from the genius storyteller, Matt Haig. I picked it up from our readers’ recommendations (we asked our readers to send in some of their favorite recent books) and I can see why it won Best Fiction of 2020 in the Good Reads Choice Awards.
The story follows Nora Seed, a woman who is struggling and feels like nothing in her life has gone according to plan. While the initial chapters of the book are quite sad, Nora finds herself given a chance to start over in the Midnight Library, a magical place full of books of all the different paths her life could have taken. Nora is forced to stay in the library and try out different versions of her life until she finds the life she most wants to live.
I loved the idea that no dream or fork in your road is insignificant, and that they all lead us to become different versions of ourselves. In one life, Nora is an Olympic swimmer. In another, she is a glaciologist living on a boat off the coast of Antarctica. The novel reveals in a beautiful way that the potential we all have within us is impossible to measure, and that we have the possibility to be happy in many different versions of life.
It also discusses how dangerous it can be to live your life with regrets. The Midnight Library revealed to Nora that even if you make very different choices, you may uncover a deeper appreciation for your current home and the people in your life. It is your perspective that matters.
I really loved the fantasy and magical realism in this novel, and I would love for this to be turned into a series where we get to explore The Midnight Library of other characters’ lives as well.
54．What is the purpose of the text
A．To thank readers who introduced the book. B．To honour Matt Haig, the author of the book.
C．To share the author’s opinions on the book. D．To publicize the book to people who are struggling.
2022届山东省青岛市高考一模英语试题
Think back to when you were in a maths classroom, and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted
A: Oh no, this is too hard for me. I’m not even going to seriously try and work it out.
B: Ah, this is quite tricky, but I like to push myself. Even if I don’t get the answer right, maybe I’ll learn something in the attempt.
Early in her career, the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of ten-year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them. One group reacted positively and loved the challenge. She says they had a ‘growth mindset’ and are focused on what they can achieve in the future. But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed. They had a ‘fixed mindset’ and were unable to imagine improving. Some of them looked for someone who had done worse than them to boost their self-esteem.
Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment. For years, children have been praised for their intelligence or talent, but this makes them vulnerable (脆弱的) to failure. They become performance-oriented, wanting to please by getting high grades, but they are not interested in learning for its own sake. The solution, according to Dweck, is to lead them to become mastery-oriented (i.e., interested in getting better at something). She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstanding achievement.
Psychologists have been testing these theories. Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year. The results were nothing less than incredible. They came top in regional tests, beating children from much more privileged backgrounds. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity, but they came to see it as the key to learning.
58．Why does the author write the text
A．To distinguish growth mindset and fixed mindset.
B．To inform readers of the importance of growth mindset.
C．To show several psychological study results.
D．To point out a problem in education at the moment.
