人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 First Aid Reading and Thinking 课文知识点详解课件(共43张PPT)

(共43张PPT)
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤充当着一道屏障的作用，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。正如你能想象的，灼伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
be essential to/for 对…至关重要的
充当
warning n. 警告
bring about;result in;contribute to;
give sb first aid/give first aid to sb 对某人进行急救
人体必不可少的一部分
最大的器官
充当；担当
n.光线;光束;(热、电等)射线
一道阻挡疾病屏障
毒素
太阳光线
控制体温，
阻止...做某事
触觉
烧伤
导致，造成
正如你能想象的
首先也是最重要的
急救
an essential part of body
the largest organ
act as
ray
a barrier against disease
toxins
the sun's rays.
control body temperature
prevent …from…
sense of touch
get burnt
lead to
as you can imagine
the first and most important
first aid
first and foremost 首要的是，首先
last but not least 最后但同样重要的
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays.
A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.
Technology can serve as a bridge to connect two worlds
act as=work as=serve as 充当；担任；扮演
It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing toomuch water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
本句是一个复合句，句中helps, prevents, warns 和gives是and连接的四个并列谓语。when things are too hot or cold 是when引导的时间状语从句，修饰动词warns。
1.sense of touch 触觉
sense of touch / smell / hearing / taste 触觉/嗅觉/听觉/味觉
a sense of responsibility / direction / belonging / achievement / satisfaction/humor 责任感/方向感/归属感/成就感/满足感/幽默感
common sense 常识
in a sense=in a way 从某种意义上说
make sense 讲得通；有意义
sth make sense to sb 某物对某人有意义
sb make sense of sth 某人理解/明白某物
There is no sense/point in doing sth.
= It doesn’t make sense to do sth 做某事没意义
读句探究
It doesn’t make sense to argue with him.。
His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight.
It’s common sense to dress more warmly when it gets cold.
即学即练
1) There is no sense __________ (worry) about such a thing.
2) This can help you make sense __________ her past experiences.
3) It _______ (make) sense to buy the most up-to-date version.
买最新的版本是明智的。
4)______ no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
无论如何这个问题都不能说已经解决了。
of　
worrying
makes
In
prevent… (from) doing sth.
keep … from doing sth.
stop …(from) doing sth.
protect …from/ against… 保护……免受……
阻止……做某事
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) There is no denying that sunglasses can help
________________________________ (以保护眼睛免受伤害).
2) Anyhow, children should be ____________________
_________________________________ (阻止孩子们玩火).
prevent/ stop your eyes being harmed
prevented / kept / stopped from playing with fire
2.prevent...from...
2. 表示 “本质的，根本的，（人或事最重要的）基本特征”。
3.essential adj. 必不可少的，非常重要的；
essential” 作形容词
We can't live without water. It's essential.
Previous work experience is essential if you'd like to apply for this job.
It's a beautiful old house. We don't want to change its essential character.
This company has failed due to its essential misconception about the global market.
可表示 “必要的，不可或缺的”。
essential adj. 必不可少的，非常重要的；
Make sure you understand all the essentials of a valid contract before signing one.
essential” 作可数名词
essential 表示 “必需品，不可缺少的东西”，常复
1.When we go camping, we only take a few essentials with us.
2.They are calling for donations of winter essentials like blankets and warm clothing.
essential 还可“要素，要点”。常复, “the essentials of”.
As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，
“正如……”，“就像……”可以位于句首、句中或句末。而 which 引导的非限制定语从句不能放句首。
句意：可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。
例1. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
___________, China is a developing country.
例2. 正如我们所预料的，他考试不及格。
______________, he failed in the exam.
例3. 正如报道的那样，两国间的谈判正在取得进展。
____________, talks between the two countries are making progress.
As we know
As we expected
As is reported
1.As you can imagine
1. As is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun.
2. I never heard such stories as he told.
3. As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
4. As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
5. Do as the Romans do when in Rome.
6. Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other
animals on the earth.
你知道 as 都能引导什么从句吗？
非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
时间状语从句
原因状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
2.get burnt
get常与过去分词连用(尤其是形容词化的过去分词)，构成系表结构，表示状态的变化，即动作的结果。“get+过去分词”结构的常见搭配有get lost、 get stuck、 get arrested、get caught、get broken、 get dressed、 get married等。
除了get之外，become和grow等动词也有类似用法。
Soon the room became crowded.
My eyes soon grew accustomed to the darkness.
Workers in urban areas usually get paid by the hour.
Don't play with knives. You might get hurt.
The students are getting prepared for the sports meet.
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤充当着一道屏障的作用，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，灼伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
阅读是我们人生必不可少的一部分，也是最有意义的活动。阅读充当着一道屏障的作用，能阻挡人生中孤独感、空虚感和悲伤的侵入。阅读还有助于控制人的情绪，防止人暴躁发怒，在人的情绪濒临崩溃时发出警告，并使你拥有安宁感。可想而知，阅读会促使人获得充实的人生。
阅读是我们人生必不可少的一部分，也是最有意义的活动。阅读充当着一道屏障的作用，能阻挡人生中孤独感、空虚感和悲伤的侵入。阅读还有助于控制人的情绪，防止人暴躁发怒，在人的情绪濒临崩溃时发出警告，并使你拥有安宁感。可想而知，阅读会促使人获得充实的人生。
Reading is an essential part of our life and is the most meaningful activity. Reading acts as a barrier against the sense of loneliness, emptiness and sadness. It also helps control your emotion, prevents you from losing your temper, warns you when you are on the verge of mental breakdown, and gives you your sense of peace. As you can imagine, reading can lead to a fruitfulling life .
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
Para.2
烧伤的原因:
各种各样东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
get burnt 被烧伤
a variety of 各种各样的
radiation n.辐射;放射线
acid n.酸 adj.酸的;酸性的
chemicals (常复) 化学品；化学制品
You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
a variety of 各种各样的=varieties of＝various
People change their mind for a variety of reasons.
1._________(variety) of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.
2.After he left school, he tried his hand at __________(vary) jobs.
3.The price of the vegetables ______________the seasons. 蔬菜的价格随季节而变化。
Varieties
various
vary with
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
First-degree burns
These affect only the top few millimetres of skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
Second-degree burns
These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include bums caused by hot liquids.
Third-degree burns
These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.
Para.3
severity
adj.内在的
right away立刻;马上
烧伤的种类: 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤可被分为三类。
一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的灼伤。
二度烧伤:这伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。
三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。
被分成...
取决于
n.毫米;千分之一
adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的
家庭事故
最上层皮肤以下的部位
灼热的液体造成的烧伤
每一层皮肤
因电击灼伤
汽油起火
此类烧伤会
严重的内部损伤
伤者
立即
be divided into...
depend on
millimetre
minor
household incidents.
below the top layer of the skin.
burns caused by hot liquids.
every layer of the skin
burns caused by electric shocks
petrol fires.
severe internal injuries
victim
at once
minority n.少数
a minority of 少量的
be in a/ the minority 占少数
反义词 major majority n.多数
depend on 依靠；依赖= rely on
depend on sb to do sth 依靠某人做某事
depend on it that +从句 相信……
You could depend on it that he was honest.
(1) ________ (hear) the news, they all jumped with joy.
(2) ________ (work) hard, you will succeed.
(3) ______ (see) nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
(4) Her husband died in 1942, _______ (leave) her with five children.
depending on 为现在分词短语作 ___________。
方式状语
Hearing
Working
Seeing
leaving
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
caused by为过去分词短语作________。
定语
The boy__________ (name)Tom was hurt in the car accident.
The building __________ (complete)last month is our school library.
The meeting__________ (hold) now is of great importance.
The meeting__________ (hold)tomorrow will be put off.
to be held
named
completed
being held
即学即练
1. Despite this, he contiued to work as a volunteer, helping provide relief to people _________ (catch) up in war.
2. Zhan Tianyou, now _________ (know) as the Father of China’s Rilroad, served his country for 31 years, improving life for millions of people.
3. In 1872, a 12-year-old Chinese boy boarded a ship ________ (head) for the USA.
4. As we flow down the river, we are surrounded by steep hills ________(stick)up into the sky---karsts(喀斯特).
caught
known
heading
sticking
People probably cooked their food in large pots, _______ (use) twigs to remove it. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________ (improve) water quality.
Everyone was silent, _________ (wait) to see who would be called upon to read his / her paragraph aloud.
When we got a call _____ (say) she was short-listed (入围), we thought it was a joke.
________________ (bite) twice by the dog, the man refused to deliver the letter to us.
5.Then, _________ (stand) behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre
6.To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimilich, created the Heimilich manoeuvre, _________(save) thousands of lives around the world.
7._________ (grab) your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion.
8.Remove any clothes _______ (use) scissors.
standing
saving
Grabbing
using
非谓语动词---链接高考
using
to improve
waiting
saying
Having been bitten
Such persons are certainly in the minority.。
Only a minority of young people play classical instruments.
minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
(1)minority n．少数；少数民族
a minority of 少量的；少数的
be in a/the minority 占少数
(2)major adj.主要的；较多的
(3)majority n．大半；大多数
1)Where deaths have occurred among the wild population due to H5N1 infection, only a __________ (minor) of birds appear to have been affected.
2)The __________ (major) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
4) Only a small minority of students __________ (be) interested in politics these days.
前，只有极少数同学对政治感兴趣。
5) Even in the 1960s, politically active students and academics were in _____ minority.
即使是在20世纪60年代，政治上活跃的学生和高校教师也是占少数。
majority
minority
in
is/are
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS 烧伤的特点
First-degree burns 一度烧伤:
dry, red, and mildly swollen 干燥、发红、微肿
mildly painful 微痛
turn white when pressed 受压时变白
Second-degree burns 二度烧伤:
red and swollen; blisters; watery surface
发红、肿胀;起水泡;表层渗水;
extremely painful 极度疼痛
Para.4
swollen adj.(身体部位)肿胀的
swell vi (swelled--swollen) 肿胀;膨胀
swell up 膨胀
mildly轻微地
Third-degree burns
black and white
swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen
little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn
三度烧伤:
皮肤发黑或变白;
肿胀;通常可见皮下组织;
如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感
Para.4
around the edges of 在...边缘
cause/do damage to 对..造成伤害
FIRST-AID TREATMENT 急救处理
1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
Para.5
place vt.放置
gentle adj.温柔的;温和的
=ease
remove sb/sth from sth/sb 把…从…中移开/拿开
be infected by/with被…感染/感染上
make sure that+宾语从句
suffer from 遭受/遭遇…
1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀
2.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
3.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
4.用干净宽松的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
5.如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
6.如果伤者是遭受二度或三度烧伤，是紧急情况，必须立刻送往医院。
fabric n.织物;布料
stick to 黏住;粘贴
loose adj.松的;未系紧的;宽松的
apply...to... 把...涂/敷到...; 把...运用到...
cause infection 引发感染
suffer from 遭受...;遭遇...
2. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric
sticking to the burnt skin.
stick to 粘住；坚持
stick to one’s dream/work 坚持梦想/履行诺言
stick out 伸出，突出
stuck adj. 卡住；陷（入）；困（于）
get/be stuck in 陷入……中，困在……中，卡在...里
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) I _________________________ (被一道数学题难住了), but it didn’t depress me.
2) We should _________________________ (坚持我们的梦想) in any case.
3) She made a face and ____________________ (伸出她的舌头) at him.
got stuck in a math problem
stick to our dream
stuck out her tongue
2. using 作方式状语， 类似depending on the depth
3. if necessary 省略句= if it is possible
类似：if necessary/ if so/ if not/ if only…
stick to粘住；坚持
stick to one’s dream 坚持梦想
stick to one’s word 履行诺言
Caught in the heavy rain, her clothes were sticking to her body.
她的衣服被雨淋得都粘在身上了。
No matter what difficulties I meet with, I will stick to my dream.
无论遇到什么困难，我都会坚持我的梦想。
【特别提醒】
stick to中的to为介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
stick to粘住；坚持
(1)I will stick __________ my work until it’s finished.
(2)You’d better stick to __________ (write) novels. After all, you have a gift for it.
writing　
to
stick to粘住；坚持
4. … there is an urgent need to take him/ her to the hospital at once.
There is a need to do sth.有必要做某事:
There is no need (for) sb. to do sth.没必要做某事
e.g. There is a desperate need for cash. 急需现金。
There is no need to get angry. I merely suggest that you should do that again
There is (no) possibility/chance to do sth.
有(没有)……的可能性/机会
There is no doubt/saying that… 毫无疑问……
There is no time to do sth. 没时间做某事
There is no way to do sth. 没办法做某事
There is no point/sense in doing sth. 做某事没意义/没道理
urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
urge v.催促
urge sb. to do/into doing sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth. 极力主张...做某事
have/ feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈欲望做某事
urgently adv. 紧急地
urgency n.紧急(的事)
in case of urgency 一旦发生紧急情况
It is urgent that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形
是很紧迫的
There is an urgent need for / to do sth.
迫切需要某物 / 做某事
urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
He had urgent business in New York.
他在纽约有急事。
In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况，打电话给警察。
He had an urge to open a shop of his own.
他很想自己开一家店。
urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
1) It is urgent that food and clothing _______________ (send) to the flood- stricken area.
食物和衣物应该紧急送往遭受洪水的灾区。
2) There is an urgent need _____ surgical masks now.
现在迫切需要外科口罩。
3) After the disaster, people in that area __________ needed supplies of food and water.
灾难过后，那个地区的人们急需食物和水的供给。
4) The attack added a new __________ to the peace talks.
这次攻击事件使和平谈判愈加紧迫。
5) The report ________ that all children (should) be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳
urgently
(should) be sent
for
urgency
urged
ease vi. &vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在
(1)ease off 减轻；放松
ease sb.of sth.使某人消除/减轻……
(2)ease n．舒适；自在
with ease 容易地；毫不费力地
at ease 舒适；自在
feel at ease 感到舒适自在
put...at ease 使……舒适/自在
ease the pain/stress/tension/burden 减轻疼痛 / 压力 / 紧张 / 负担
(3)easy adj.容易的
easily adv.容易地
(4)uneasy adj.不安的
(5)easy-going adj.随和的
ease vi. &vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在
He passed the exam with ease.
他轻而易举地通过了考试。
The medicine eased him of the pain.
这种药减轻了他的痛苦。
This kind of medicine can ease your pain.
这种药可以减轻你的疼痛。
The rooms are small but making you feel at ease.
房间很小，但能让你感到舒适自在。
1)He was nervous at first but her warm welcome soon put him __________ ease.
2)Their help enabled me to finish the work __________ ease.
3)In the final game Sweden __________ (easy) overcame France.
4) Now he can set his mind _____ ease because he has passed the exam
_____ ease.
现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
easily
at
with
at
with
ease vi. &vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在
3. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
apply …to… 1) put or spread (something) on a surface把...涂在…
2) To put to or adapt for a special use把...应用到...
apply (to sb.) for… （向某人）申请……
application n. 申请；应用
applicant n. 申请人
e.g.
1.The method can be applied to solving the problem.
2.Apply the lipbalm to your dry lips.
3.Students apply for admission to a particular college.
4.Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned.
5.The applicant has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry.
Important sentences (P50 ~ P51)
7. ____ is important to use cool water to stop the heat from _________ (remain) in the wound regardless ____ the degree of the burn. 无论烧伤程度如何，使用冷水来阻止热量留在伤口上是很重要的。(P51)
I never see _____ has been done; I only see what remains _________ (do).
It remains __________ (see) _________ you are right.
There ________ (remain) a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
It
remaining
of
what
to be done
to be seen
whether
remains
2．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
(1)be swollen from/with...因……而肿胀
(2)swell v．膨胀，肿胀(使)增加
swell with pride 满腔自豪
swell with anger 怒气冲冲
swell up 肿胀
2．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
Her eyes were red and swollen from crying.
她哭得两眼又红又肿。
Her arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her. 她胳膊给蜜蜂蜇了，肿了起来。
When the girl won the prize, the heart of her teacher swelled with a sense of pride.
女孩获奖时，老师心中充满了自豪感。
2．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
(1)The ankle was badly __________ (swell).
(2)His face was swollen __________ insect bites.
from/with
swollen