复旦大学附属中学2022学年第一学期
高二年级英语期末考试试卷
(考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
2023年2月10日
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension(25分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Library. B. Bookstore. C. Museum. D. Gallery.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Night flights are available to him. B. He can’t get any direct flights.
C. He has missed the flight he wanted. D. Direct flights have been delayed.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Customer and tailor. B. Customer and bank clerk.
C. Customer and waitress. D. Customer and repairwoman.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. $200. B. $250. C. $300. D. $350.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The big one. B. The one on the other side.
C. The middle one. D. The one on the far right.
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Bring flowers. B. Take a pot plant.
C. Buy postcards. D. Send fruits.
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Accountant. B. Secretary.
C. Mechanic. D. Manager.
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She hopes he can stop reading. B. She will turn it off at once.
C. She is reluctant to turn it down. D. She thinks reading is not important.
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Listen to folk music at home. B. Watch a live performance.
C. Appreciate a dance show on TV. D. Go to an exhibition of works of art.
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The electronic toy is unique. B. The toy is safe for all users.
C. Plastic toy is of low quality. D. The toy isn’t environmentally friendly.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. Admiration for one’s own appearance. B. A need for popularity.
C. A need to belong to a group. D. A love for photography.
12.
A. Women are more likely to be famous.
B. Men are more eager to be seen as popular.
C. Man tends to post selfies more often.
D. Women use editing software more frequently.
13.
A. Photos have to be looked at.
B. Cameras are mostly used for selfies.
C. Clicking “like” doesn’t necessarily mean photos have been seen.
D. It is the same experience as the traditional one.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. To provide financial aid for students.
B. To fill out application forms for students.
C. To help students make the college application.
D. To create a top website on Google’s search engine.
15.
A. Those who do not appear for the first day of class.
B. Those who fail to be admitted to a college.
C. Those who do not pay the required deposit.
D. Those who fail to get help from college officials.
16.
A. By looking up former students for help.
B. By turning to the website for information.
C. By holding a virtual college fair by themselves.
D. By discussing good or bad experiences with each other.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. Because it’s hard to get away from digital clocks.
B Because we all have our own internal clocks.
C. Because lost time cannot be gotten back.
D. Because we are all running around.
18.
A. By looking up at the sky and doing the math.
B. By observing the varying position of heavenly bodies.
C. By inventing timekeeping machines.
D. By estimating the temperatures in different times of a day.
19.
A. To avoid the seasonal disaster. B. To know when to rain.
C. To help improve farming. D. To figure out when to harvest crops.
20.
A. Limiting what we do strictly. B. Damaging what we do.
C. Affecting our outlook on life. D. Influencing our work slightly.
Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary(1*35=35分)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
21. ______ to an issue like food safety where immediate solutions are much less obvious, with proper water filtration devices we can rest ______ that we are consuming safe, clean water until a sustainable, long-term solution is worked out.
A. Comparing … assumed B. Comparing … assured
C. Compared … assumed D. Compared … assured
22. The Chinese government has introduced efforts to ______ the exploitation of underground water, ______ sources of drinking water and ______ the aquatic ecological system.
A. promote； protecting； regulating B. regulate； protect； restore
C. restoring； promote； protect D. regulating； restoring； protect
23. ______ to encourage people to invest their spare time in voluntary services so that they can get help from others when they’re in trouble in the future, the Time Bank project is criticized by some ______ too idealistic.
A. Intending … for being B. Intending … to be
C. Intended … for being D. Intended … to be
24. Looking at the tent that could hardly ______ shelter from rain and wind and the sewage spilling onto the toilet floor, I was ______ my life in the camp.
A. provide； concerned about B. provide； aware of
C. take ； concerned about D. take；aware of
25. In the months ______ up to our trip to Tanzania, we collected hundreds of items as gifts for the girls at the orphanage ______ of stationery, medicine and hair styling products.
A. led … consisting B. led … consisted
C. that led … consisting D. that led … consisted
26. There is no guarantee that all the vaccines ____ now will succeed. But the failures shouldn’t erode the public trust in the _____ ones.
A. developing…approved B. being developed…approved
C. developing …be approved D. developed…being approved
27. ______ a running log of your time spent volunteering, you would have received a certificate showing the good you’ve done.
A. If you hadn’t kept B. Had you kept C. If you kept D. Not did you keep
28. In the movie sequel, a familiar ______ returns and forces our protagonist to pick up the weapon ______ his family and newfound homeland.
A. threat ； protecting B. threat； to protect
C. urge ； protecting D. urge； to protect
29. ______ with motor neuron disease in 1963 at the age of 21, Hawking was expected ______ for only two more years.
A. Having diagnosed … to have lived B. Having diagnosed … to live
C. Diagnosed … to have lived D. Diagnosed … to live
30. In a (n) ______ situation, it’s acceptable to break a fever reducer tablet ______ and share it with your neighbor.
A. rough； into half B. exceptional ；by half
C. desperate； in half D. hazardous； as half
31. Gradually my enthusiasm for science fiction books ______, for it was hard to find a good one I could ______ my nose in.
A. died out; land B. died away; inlay
C. died down; bury D. died off; press
32. ______ in the shovel’s jaws, the hatchling appears doomed until, ______, the shovel lifts the bird back to its nest.
A. Struck … exceptionally B. Stuck …miraculously
C. Being struck … constantly D. Being stuck… plainly
33. After they turned on the air-conditioner, the hot air rose, and the cold air ______ down into the lower part, and away from ______ they ate, slept, and chilled.
A. sank; where B. sunk; what C. dived; where D. dove; what
34. As long as a FDFZer is determined to ______ well in the English final exam, his/her persistence will ______.
A. do … pay off B. doing … pay off
C. do … be paid off D. doing … be paid off
35. Its snow-white houses ______ cosily in a sea of fresh green vegetation, and no village could look prettier or more attractive.
A. located B. nestled C. laid D. surrounded
36. ______ labor bureaus were established in the rural areas and smaller towns to ____ the flow of workers.
A. State-regulated…overseeing B. State-regulating…oversee
C. State-regulated…oversee D. State-regulating…be overseen
37. While the need for geriatric trained physicians is growing, the pool of doctors likely to enter the field has remained ______.
A. freezing B. constant C. large D. sound
38. Jurgens and Van den Bergh strike a ______to form an association and share profits while continuing to compete against each other.
A. match B. deal C. blow D. balance
39. They plan to ______ that old apartment building and replace it with shops and luxury condos.
A. take up B. set up C. put up D. blow up
40. We must and we will find another democratic, lawful and constitutional means ______ the Scottish people can express their will.
A. with which B. within which C. in which D. by which
41. From helping in the search for outer-space homes ______ humankind could relocate if necessary, to ______ in mapping climate change, AI might be our best bet at survival.
A. where…assisting B. which…assisting
C. where…assist D. which…assist
42. Leonard asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. whom B. who C. with whom D. with him
43. ______ you’ve recovered from the virus, you should wear a mask just ______ you come into contact with someone who is infected with a different strain.
A. Even … lest B. Providing … as C. Even if … in case D. Unless … in order
44. ______ finished the sentence ______ all the students exited Classin.
A. As soon as the teacher… that B. No sooner have the teacher … than
C. The teacher hardly… before D. Scarcely had the teacher …when
45. Usually I am sparing with money as I have to be, ______that I don’t earn that much.
A. given B. as C. providing D. so
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need.
A. voyaged B. barely C. renowned D. abnormality E. discipline F. navigable G. unprecedented H. eyed I. Fortunately J. accessible K. degradation
For voyager and green promoter Zhai Mo, the 504-day non-stop voyage to the Arctic Ocean has stimulated his concern about the climate and awareness of his responsibilities.
Navigating more than 28,000 nautical miles (51,856 kilometers) in harsh conditions, Zhai, a (n) ___46___ Chinese explorer, returned to Shanghai on his aluminum sailboat on Nov 17, along with two crew members, becoming the first man to successfully circle, both ways, the Arctic Ocean without stop. “This non-stop Arctic Ocean circle route can be said to be ___47___. We ___48___ both the northeast and northwest routes while previous explorers only chose one route. This is a self-challenge and transcendence in the history of human navigation,” the 54-year-old says.
Zhai undertook this task as an ambassador of the Chinese navigation science and marine public welfare, and also the ForNature Campaign of the United Nations Development Program. He set sail on June 30 last year to raise public awareness of global warming, climate change and land ___49___. During the trip, he crossed the East China Sea, the Western Pacific, the Bering Strait, the Chukchi Sea, the East Siberian Sea and the Beaufort Sea. He saw dolphins, whales, walruses, sea lions and seals, as well as shoals of cod and wolf fishes.
“When we passed through the Northwest Pacific Ocean on our way back, we encountered three typhoons within a week, which ___50___ happened in the past,” Zhai recalls.
Zhai didn’t see any floating ice during his one-week voyage in the Kara Sea while the previous meteorological data showed ice there.
“My own experience tells me that climate ___51___ is obvious now,” Zhai says.
The voyage, to enter the Arctic Ocean from the Bering Strait before making a round trip returning to Shanghai, was planned to take four months, but the return schedule was delayed for more than a year. “As soon as we entered the Bering Strait, we encountered a polar cyclone. A large number of ice floes and icebergs were blown to the coast. However, the Arctic Ocean can only be ___52___ near land, so we had been carefully crossing between ice floes and icebergs for a long time and the speed was only 1 to 3 knots,” Zhai says. But for Zhai, the most difficult part of the whole voyage was around 75 degrees north. The Arctic Ocean is known as the “dead channel”, Zhai says, adding that the location where the Titanic went down was on his route and dotted with countless icebergs. After entering the iceberg region, Zhai navigated the sailboat while the two crew members went on watch to report on the menacing ice. Despite the precaution, the boat hit an iceberg near Greenland, causing water seepage below the waterline that had to be dealt with. Meanwhile, compasses and electronic goods on the boat failed because of the magnetic field. “I had never encountered this situation in sailing before,” says Zhai. ___53___, he took a fiber optic compass specially used for high latitude navigation, and managed to leave this area with visual aids. In addition to ice floes and icebergs, Zhai and his team also faced severe tests such as heavy fog, strong winds and huge waves. When sailing through the Chukchi Sea, the boat navigated around a large area of ice floes and heavy fog resulting in visibility of no more than 10 meters. They spent nearly 11 hours to get just 50 nautical miles. “We tried to leave as soon as possible during our voyage in the Arctic Ocean,” he says, adding that there was a constant danger of being trapped by the ice.
Zhai was attracted by sailing when holding an art exhibition abroad in 2000. In 2007, he got a second-hand sailboat with simple supplies, such as instant noodles, pancakes and potatoes, and started his voyage trip around the world.
After that 35,000-nautical-mile voyage, Zhai ___54___ an Arctic Ocean journey. “Navigation is a comprehensive ____55____. You should know not only astronomy but also geography. You also need to be a carpenter, fitter, hammerer and painter, and should be able to survive in a harsh, outdoor environment,” Zhai says.
He adds that he hopes more young people would participate in navigation, to promote and publicize the ocean awareness and navigation spirit. He is preparing for the third voyage trip around the world next year or the year after that. “Antarctica is also a very big challenge. I hope to explore more unknowns, and I also want to launch a transoceanic sailing competition.”
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (1*15+2*15=45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska. The poles, the dancing lights, and the winter wonderlands have always attracted extreme travelers—but this time, there is more than the magical draw of the ___56___ that is inviting people up towards the corners of the globe: climate change.
There’s a strange form of climate anxiety, which is driving more people to places and sights that may ___57___ to exist in the coming years or decades. Alaska ___58___ the list of climate-tempted travel destinations. The northern and otherwise-serene Alaskan village of Kaktovik ___59___ a major boom in tourism last year, as over 2,000 people appeared on its lightly ___60___ gravel(砂砾) and snowy streets. Until earlier in the decade, local news reports say, the village had fewer than 50 annual visitors. The main ___61___ now are polar bears, which are being forced into towns by a warming planet and the shrinking Arctic sea ice. All the heating is making it far easier for wildlife ___62___ and effortless bear selfies. Most visitors are reportedly from China, Europe, or the USA, often arriving on fuel-consuming chartered planes.
Around the mid-1990s, researchers began ___63___ more female bears denning(筑巢) on land instead of in the ice. And seasons of tourism match up with changing bear behavior. It peaks in autumn (which is also far warmer and breezier than the forthcoming winter—and climate change is making things more pleasant in general) when sea ice is far from the shore, and bears can become ___64___ on the land until the sea freezes again in winter.
A report in the Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment found, “Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States.” This year, alarming temperatures were reported from Alaska. Every day since April 25 saw above ______65______ temperatures, the longest streak in a century.
While bears have their charm, melting glaciers are a landscape in their own right. With ______66______ like the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ______67______ thought, the number of tourists on ice seems to be going up consistently. Alaska’s tour companies have reported an extraordinary increase—and the number of polar cruises reportedly went up 33 percent in the last decade. Some glaciers have been marked by the rate of melt for tourists to watch and imagine the ______68______ from where they stand, much like visitors to the Berlin wall picture the past. As the landscape changes, tour companies have had to ______69______ their regular routes and hikes too—some glaciers that had ______70______ by foot only a decade ago can now only be reached by helicopter.
56. A. east B. west C. north D. south
57. A. cease B. continue C. stick D. try
58. A. releases B. reviews C. tops D. creates
59. A. saw B. indicated C. developed D. predicted
60. A. located B. populated C. upgraded D. occupied
61. A. species B. attractions C. destinations D. identifications
62. A. protecting B. evaluating C. dismissing D. spotting
63. A. training B. tempting C. feeding D. noticing
64. A. initiated B. inhabited C. stranded D. hunted
65. A. average B. comfortable C. humiliated D. global
66. A. evaluations B. predictions C. regulations D. generalizations
67. A. carefully B. beneficially C. previously D. specially
68. A. future B. currency C. temporary D. history
69. A. identify B. stabilize C. eliminate D. modify
70. A. view B. access C. network D. coast
Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In 2004, Pen Hadow became the first person to trek (跋涉) to the North Pole alone, without being resupplied on the way. That meant swimming through unimaginably cold waters, and risking encounters with polar bears. Just eight months later, he made a similar trip to the South Pole. Now he is back in the Arctic again, preparing for an expedition (远征) he says is even more ambitious. Explorers are confident, driven individuals. They have to be. This time, however, more significance is attached. Pen and two colleagues will set out on a three-month, 1000-kilometre trek to the North Pole, taking detailed measurements of the thickness and density of the ice. Nobody has ever done this before, and he knows the results will be of vital significance to the scientific community. This will be the truest picture yet of what global warming is doing to the ice that covers the polar region.
Pen and his wife, Mary, live in the country with their two children. “It’s much harder to be away from them this time,” he admits. They were one and five when I last went, and I made a mistake in the way I said goodbye. I thought it would be a good idea to say to my son, “You’re the man of the house now, look after your mum and your sister.” He absolutely took it to heart, asking his mum how she was all the time, but the stress eventually became too much. While it was well intentioned, it was an unfair thing to do.
He is spending these last days before departure preparing his things. “Out on the ice, one is virtually unable to mend things or do anything that isn’t absolutely straightforward,” he says. With him will be Ann Daniels, one of the world’s leading polar explorers, and the photographer, Martin Hartley. They will be supported by a crew of six, flying in supplies. Being part of a team is actually more stressful to someone with his mentality, says Pen, and something else is on his mind too. “I’m going to be 47 on Thursday. I’ve done far less training than I’m comfortable with.” Why “Organisational things always seem more urgent. So I’m almost fearful of what I’m going to ask of myself.”
Pen believes his mission reconnects exploration with the search for knowledge that drove previous generations into the unknown. “Making it to the North Pole was a personal ambition,’”he admits, “and of limited value to anyone beyond the polar adventuring community. This time, scientists will profit from the data, and we’re creating a platform in which to engage as many people as possible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is important work, and nobody can do it but us,” he says. “Our skills, which are otherwise not that necessary, have become really relevant. Suddenly, we’re socially useful again.”
71. In the first paragraph, what do we learn about Pen Hadow’s opinion of the new expedition
A. He feels certain that it will be stressful.
B. He is aware of the huge importance of its aims.
C. He thinks it may be harder than his previous journeys.
D. He is less than confident of the scientific work it involves.
72. What does “took it to heart” (in paragraph 2) mean
A. He started to feel unwell. B. He memorised his father’s words.
C. He was afraid of the responsibility. D. He carried out his father’s words carefully.
73. What is worrying Pen about the new expedition
A. Whether he will be mentally prepared
B. Whether he will still be fit enough to take part.
C Whether the arrangements he has made will turn out well.
D. Whether the equipment will work properly in icy conditions.
74. When he compares the new expedition to his previous ones, Pen feels ________.
A. uncertain if it will collect information.
B. doubtful about its long-term usefulness
C. pleased that more people will benefit from it
D. relieved that the general public will be more supportive
(B)
Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense—with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky. Key Highlights Although it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible.State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenic Lake Pukakiand provides a comfortable base for alpine activities Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park forms the majority of New Zealand’s only International Dark Sky Reserve. Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun. Key Activities Mountain walks There are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed and well marked. The Red Tams Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two bours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountain pass routes-over the Mueller. Copland and Ball passes. Glacier viewing and skiing Helicopters and ski—planes provide access to the park’s fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From October until May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier’s terminal lake by boat. Mountaineering Climbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, MalteBrun, Elie de Beaumont, Sefton and La Perouse are quite popular. Key Tips ●Climbers don’t require permits. but are requested to complete a trip intentions form. ●Local guides are available for climbing. walking and glacier skiing. ●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers. ●The weather can change very suddenly-be prepared for heavy rainfall, snow and/ or high winds. ●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.
75 Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park
A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.
B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.
C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.
D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.
76. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ______ the most exciting.
A. Mountaineering on Elie de Beaumont
B. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley Track
C. Skiing on Tasman Glacier
D. Climbing Mount Cook
77. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ______.
A. properly evaluate your own experience and skill
B. get your permit prepared before you start to climb
C. hire local guides to help you to train for climbing
D. avoid exploring glaciers in winter
(C)
On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it’s by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.
These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture — special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.
“I’m excited about our progress,” says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for high-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”
The egg industry’s push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.
Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).
The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant- based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing.”
78. The climate friendly eggs are produced ______.
A. at a considerably low cost B. at the demand of regular shoppers
C. as a replacement for organic eggs D. on specially designed farms
79. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in ______.
A. reducing the damage of worms B. accelerating the disposal of waste
C. creating a sustainable system D. attracting customers to his products
80. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people ______.
A. are desperate to change their diet B. are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs
C. are enthusiastic about new food D. are amazed at environmental problems
81. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products’ ______.
A. market prospects B. nutritional value
C. standard definition D. moral implications
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need.
What life will be in 2050
It’s hard to say definitively what life will be like in 2050. However, we can make some educated guesses based on the trends that are happening now. For instance, it’s likely that technology will play an even greater role in our lives than it does now. We might have flying cars, or robots to do our household chores.
The world population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, so resources may be strained. People may live in smaller homes or even underground to conserve space and energy. We may also see drastic changes in the way we get our food. With advances in technology, it’s possible that we’ll be able to create artificial meat or grow food in laboratories.
In 2050, many aspects of our life will be very different from what they are now. People’s lives, the environment, transportation, and education all change at a new level. ___82___ People will have more transportation options as a result of scientific progress. Solar-powered, wind- powered automobiles that are less harmful to the environment will become available and utilized. Anyone will be able to visit other planets using modern technology. As flying cars become more common, cities will need to adapt by building more vertical infrastructure like skyports. These multi-level buildings would be used for takeoffs and landings, and could also include shopping, dining and entertainment options.
___83___ And with the help of upcoming technology, we may not need formal schooling anymore. You would be able to learn anything you want from the comfort of your home with online teachers. The schedule will be more optional for you to choose as long as it meets your needs and timeframes.
There will be a lot of new jobs born to serve the development of society. And if you are good at using social media, you can be an online celebrity and make a lot of money. You can also choose to be a full-time housewife and take care of your family if you want. ___84___
Rockefeller University mathematical biologist Joel Cohen predicts that by 2050, the world will be majority urban dwellers with a high average age. In contrast, U.S. cities theorist Richard Florida believes that urbanization trends will result in a work-from-home economy and do away with divisions between home and work life. Other experts interviewed by Popular Mechanics envision a future in which solar energy is ubiquitous, 3-D printing has replaced traditional manufacturing and everyone has a personal assistant in the form of an AI.
However, there are also some reasons to be pessimistic about the future. The world will be a more dangerous place in 2050. Global warming will cause rising sea levels and extreme weather conditions that will make life difficult for people around the world. ___85___
A. As technology continues to develop, so does the concern for environment.
B. By 2050, everyone will be able to afford higher education.
C. In addition, there will be new diseases that we have not yet seen.
D. In general, life in 2050 is more convenient, more comfortable and more fun.
E. There are some grounds for optimism in this scenario.
F. As a result, we will have a lot of health problems.
Ⅳ. Productive Grammar(1*10=10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
More Americans are opting to work well ___86___ retirement, a growing trend ___87___ threatens to upend the old workforce model.
One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey ___88___ (conduct) by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees” — those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring — said they ___89___ (employ) in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.
Financial needs aren’t the only culprit for “the unretirement” trend. ___90___, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression. About 72% of “unretire” respondents said that they would return to work ___91___ retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet.
“The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russel, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. “It’s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks ___92___ (continue) working past retirement.”
One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. That’s also up 30.2% since 2010. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labour force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% in January in 1985, according to money manager United Income.
Unfortunately many people who ___93___ (choose) to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees ___94___ speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.
“____95____ (challenging) moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,” Weiss said. “It’s not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can’t retire.”
Ⅴ.Translation (3*5=15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
96. 孩子年幼时缺少父母关爱所造成的不良后果很难消除。(undo)(汉译英)
97. 按照市长的事先要求，我在今早的会议上自告奋勇担任卫生与安全代表一职。(request, volunteer) (汉译英)
98. 陆家嘴新区的现代建筑与浦江另一边的旧建筑很好地结合在一起。(integrate) (汉译英)
99. 睡眠不足并缺少蛋白质摄入的人很容易感染新冠，并很快就出现注意力不集中的症状。(starve) (汉译英)
100. 我惊叹不已的是由于你能记住一切，我不必把诸如电话号码和生日等事情塞进脑子里。(同位语从句) (汉译英)
Ⅵ. Writing
101. Directions: Your school is going to host a summer camp for junior middle school students. You are supposed to make a speech to recruit volunteers for this activity. Your speech should include the basic qualifications for applicants and other information which you think is relevant to the task. Write a composition of about 150 words.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________复旦大学附属中学2022学年第一学期
高二年级英语期末考试试卷
(考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
2023年2月10日
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension(25分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Library. B. Bookstore. C. Museum. D. Gallery.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, but I was wondering if you could help me find this book
W: No problem. Let me have a look. Oh, this book is not for circulation. You can only read it here.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Night flights are available to him. B. He can’t get any direct flights.
C. He has missed the flight he wanted. D. Direct flights have been delayed.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: We want a flight leaving before next Wednesday.
W: I’ll look at the timetable for you. I’m sorry, but there aren’t any direct flights available before next Wednesday except night flights.
Q: What does the woman mean
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Customer and tailor. B. Customer and bank clerk.
C. Customer and waitress. D. Customer and repairwoman.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: The sleeves seem a bit too long. I can’t possibly accept it.
W: I can have them altered. Would you wait for a moment, please
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. $200. B. $250. C. $300. D. $350.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: This room is fantastic. How much is the rent
M: It’s $250 a month unfurnished or $300 furnished. Utilities are 50 extra.
Q: How much will it cost the man to rent a furnished room including utilities
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The big one. B. The one on the other side.
C. The middle one. D. The one on the far right.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m confused about so many items on the table. This is napkin, the big plate I know. What about those knives
W: The big one, right next to the dinner plate, is the meat knife, and the fork is on the other side. The middle one is for fowl and the one on the far right is the fish knife.
Q: Which knife is for fowl
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Bring flowers. B. Take a pot plant.
C. Buy postcards. D. Send fruits.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I always think flowers are good to take to someone in hospital, don’t they
M: Well, not really. Everyone just brings flowers and they don’t last. I think it’s much better to take a pot plant, so she/he can take it home with her/him.
Q: What will the man probably do
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Accountant. B. Secretary.
C. Mechanic. D. Manager.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Are you familiar with modern office equipment, the fax machine, printer, and things like that
W: I don’t think there’s any problem for me to work on these machines. You know, sir, I’ve even learned shorthand.
Q: What position is the woman most probably applying for
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She hopes he can stop reading. B. She will turn it off at once.
C. She is reluctant to turn it down. D. She thinks reading is not important.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Linda, turn down the stereo a bit, I’m trying to read.
W: That’s my new record, Dad. Don’t you like it
Q: What does the woman mean
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Listen to folk music at home. B. Watch a live performance.
C. Appreciate a dance show on TV. D. Go to an exhibition of works of art.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I enjoyed the folk song and dance show on TV last night. I thought they were very artistic.
M: I’m glad you appreciate folk music. But a live performance is much more interesting.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do
10. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The electronic toy is unique. B. The toy is safe for all users.
C. Plastic toy is of low quality. D. The toy isn’t environmentally friendly.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: You made this electronic toy yourself. How wonderful! Any special features
M: It’s battery operated and safe for children. I made it with plastic. But it would really be better if I could make it out of old wood.
Q: What does the man imply about the toy
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. Admiration for one’s own appearance. B. A need for popularity.
C. A need to belong to a group. D. A love for photography.
12.
A. Women are more likely to be famous.
B. Men are more eager to be seen as popular.
C. Man tends to post selfies more often.
D. Women use editing software more frequently.
13.
A. Photos have to be looked at.
B. Cameras are mostly used for selfies.
C. Clicking “like” doesn’t necessarily mean photos have been seen.
D. It is the same experience as the traditional one.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C
【解析】
【原文】A selfie is “a photograph that one has taken of oneself.” People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to narcissism. Narcissists are people who think very highly of themselves, especially how they look.
There are other reasons, besides narcissism, that people post selfies. People who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group.
There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software. But men who post selfies showed more of a need to be seen as popular than women who posted selfies.
Selfies should not be seen as completely negative. Some people feel “peer pressure” to post selfies. And some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an event or experience, it did not really happen.
Posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years.
On trips and special events, our parents and grandparents used cameras instead of phones to take photos. Before social media, people would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them. On social media, it is a different experience. People can decide not to look at photos of their friends and family -- even if they click “like” or even “love” under the Facebook selfie.
Now listen again, please.
Questions:
11. What is the main reason for a selfie
12. How different are men posting selfies from women posting selfies
13. Which of the following is true about selfies on social media
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. To provide financial aid for students.
B. To fill out application forms for students.
C. To help students make the college application.
D. To create a top website on Google’s search engine.
15.
A. Those who do not appear for the first day of class.
B. Those who fail to be admitted to a college.
C. Those who do not pay the required deposit.
D. Those who fail to get help from college officials.
16.
A. By looking up former students for help.
B. By turning to the website for information.
C. By holding a virtual college fair by themselves.
D. By discussing good or bad experiences with each other.
【答案】14. C 15. A 16. B
【解析】
【原文】When looking for stories with the words “college application help,” Google’s search engine identifies over 500 million examples on the World Wide Web.
Now, five higher education groups have started a website, which provides information about important dates in the college admission process and helps with application forms and sources of financial aid.
The site offers ideas on how to avoid the kind of problems students often face when preparing for college. For example, one report examines what is known as “summer melt.” That is term used to describe students who are accepted at a college and pay the required deposit, but then do not show up for the first day of class.
College administrators had long believed “summer melt” students decided to change schools. But it is likely that many students just were not aware of all the paper work required before the start of classes. This is especially true for those who completed high school and no longer could contact college officials for help with the process.
The website also has information on how students can choose the best college.
On October 4, the site will offer a “virtual college fair” of 100 colleges and universities. The event will give students and parents a chance to question officials and students from 100 schools.
If that does not work, you can look up former students at your high school who went to a college you would like to attend. They are likely to honestly discuss their experiences, both good and bad.
Now listen again, please.
Questions:
14. What is the goal of establishing the website
15. Who are “summer melt” students
16. How can students choose the best college
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. Because it’s hard to get away from digital clocks.
B. Because we all have our own internal clocks.
C. Because lost time cannot be gotten back.
D. Because we are all running around.
18.
A. By looking up at the sky and doing the math.
B. By observing the varying position of heavenly bodies.
C. By inventing timekeeping machines.
D. By estimating the temperatures in different times of a day.
19.
A. To avoid the seasonal disaster. B. To know when to rain.
C. To help improve farming. D. To figure out when to harvest crops.
20.
A. Limiting what we do strictly. B. Damaging what we do.
C. Affecting our outlook on life. D. Influencing our work slightly.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Jane, am I late What’s the time
W: It’s time to start the show. Do you actually own a watch
M: No. I rely on my internal clock — it’s pretty good. I think we’re slaves to time — we’ve got digital clocks on everything — smartphones, computers, microwaves, bus stops — it’s hard to get away from it.
W: Oh, well, I didn’t know that, Rob! But good timekeeping is extremely important — there are so many things to schedule in a day, and so many deadlines to meet…
M: Well, you could be right. And mechanical clocks and watches are quite recent in the history of timekeeping.
W: In the past, before people had mechanical timepieces, how did they know when to arrive at work, for example — or when to finish
M: They would have looked up at the sky, and observed how the position of the sun, the moon, and the stars changed as time passed.
W: That doesn’t sound very precise!
M: It was precise enough for many people.
W: So in the past, they had different reasons for wanting to know the time, is that it
M: Yes — in ancient times, people were concerned about the changing of the seasons and how this affected them. When it was time to plant crops, or when to harvest them. When the rainy season was going to start...
W: Now you mention it, in the Muslim world, the start of Ramadan is traditionally calculated by the rising of the crescent moon — which changes every year. And you can’t calculate that with modern methods of timekeeping.
M: You’re catching on, Jane! Some people think precision has a bad effect.
W: I see. Always wanting to be precise about time can limit what we do in a way that is damaging.
M: So we need to take our time — relax a bit… That’s my philosophy for life.
W: Oh, my! We are seriously running out of time now.
Now listen again, please.
Questions:
17. Why are we slaves to time according to the man
18. How did people tell the time before having mechanical timepieces
19. Why did ancient people want to know the time
20. What is the bad effect of precision
Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary(1*35=35分)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
21. ______ to an issue like food safety where immediate solutions are much less obvious, with proper water filtration devices we can rest ______ that we are consuming safe, clean water until a sustainable, long-term solution is worked out.
A. Comparing … assumed B. Comparing … assured
C. Compared … assumed D. Compared … assured
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词词义辨析。句意：与食品安全等即时解决方案不那么明显的问题相比，有了适当的水过滤设备，我们可以放心，在找到可持续的长期解决方案之前，我们会消耗安全、清洁的水。Compared to置于句首，意为“与……相比”，可视为独立成分，故第一空填Compared；assume意为“假想；假定”，assure意为“保证；确保”， rest assured是固定短语，意为“放心；确信无疑”，故第二空填assured。故选D。
22. The Chinese government has introduced efforts to ______ the exploitation of underground water, ______ sources of drinking water and ______ the aquatic ecological system.
A. promote； protecting； regulating B. regulate； protect； restore
C. restoring； promote； protect D. regulating； restoring； protect
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国政府已采取措施规范地下水开采，保护饮用水源，恢复水生生态系统。动词promote意为“促进”；动词protect意为“保护”；动词regulate意为“控制，管理”；动词restore意为“恢复”；根据“the exploitation of underground water (地下水的开采)”可知，第一空用动词regulate，位于不定式符号to后，故用动词原形。根据“sources of drinking water (饮用水源)”可知，第二空用动词protect。根据“the aquatic ecological system.(水生生态系统)”可知，第三空用动词restore，且第二空、第三空与第一空为并列关系，故后两空也用动词原形。故选B。
23. ______ to encourage people to invest their spare time in voluntary services so that they can get help from others when they’re in trouble in the future, the Time Bank project is criticized by some ______ too idealistic.
A. Intending … for being B. Intending … to be
C. Intended … for being D. Intended … to be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：时间银行项目旨在鼓励人们将业余时间投资于志愿服务，以便在未来遇到麻烦时能够得到他人的帮助，一些人批评该项目过于理想化。分析句子可知，第一空在句中作状语，be intended to do“旨在……”，做状语时把be省略即可，第二空中介词for表示“因为”，后接动名词形式作宾语。故选C项。
24. Looking at the tent that could hardly ______ shelter from rain and wind and the sewage spilling onto the toilet floor, I was ______ my life in the camp.
A. provide； concerned about B. provide； aware of
C. take ； concerned about D. take；aware of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析和动词词义辨析。句意：看着几乎无法遮风挡雨的帐篷和溅到厕所地板上的污水，我担心自己在营地的生活。动词provide意为“提供”；动词take意为“拿，接受”；固定短语be concerned about意为“担心”；固定短语be aware of意为“意识到”。根据“the tent”和“shelter from rain and wind”可知，第一空意思为“提供”，故用provide。根据“hardly ______ shelter from rain and wind and the sewage spilling onto the toilet floor”可知，作者担心自己在营地的生活，故用concerned about。故选A。
25. In the months ______ up to our trip to Tanzania, we collected hundreds of items as gifts for the girls at the orphanage ______ of stationery, medicine and hair styling products.
A. led … consisting B. led … consisted
C. that led … consisting D. that led … consisted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句以及非谓语动词。句意：在前往坦桑尼亚之前的几个月里，我们为孤儿院的女孩们收集了数百件礼物，包括文具、药品和发型产品。lead up to“在……之前”是固定短语；第一空可以看作分词作定语修饰months，也可看作定语从句修饰名词months；lead up to和months是逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词作，故排除AD两项；空处引导定语从句时，关系词代替先行词months在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导从句；第二空应填入非谓语动词作定语，被修饰词是items，consist of意为“由……组成”，该短语没有被动形式，故作定语时应用现在分词，故第二空填consisting。综上，故选C。
26. There is no guarantee that all the vaccines ____ now will succeed. But the failures shouldn’t erode the public trust in the _____ ones.
A. developing…approved B. being developed…approved
C. developing …be approved D. developed…being approved
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不能保证现在开发的所有疫苗都能成功。但这些失败不应削弱公众对已获批准项目的信任。分析句子结构可知，“will succeed”是宾语从句的谓语动词，故第一空需填非谓语动词，“vaccines”和“develop”之间是被动关系，根据“now”可知，该动作正在发生，故用现在分词的被动形式being done作后置定语，表示“正在被研发的疫苗”，根据“ones”可知，第二空需填形容词作定语，approved可以作形容词，表示“认可的，批准的”，符合句意。故选B项。
27. ______ a running log of your time spent volunteering, you would have received a certificate showing the good you’ve done.
A. If you hadn’t kept B. Had you kept C. If you kept D. Not did you keep
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你把你做志愿者时间记录下来，你就会收到一张证明你所做的好事的证书。根据句意和下文的would have received可知，句子使用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句使用过去完成时，如果省略if，则使用部分倒装，助动词had提到主语前，故选B。
28. In the movie sequel, a familiar ______ returns and forces our protagonist to pick up the weapon ______ his family and newfound homeland.
A. threat ； protecting B. threat； to protect
C. urge ； protecting D. urge； to protect
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：在电影续集中，一个熟悉的威胁再次出现，迫使我们的主人公拿起武器来保护他的家人和新的家园。名词threat意为“威胁”；名词urge意为“冲动，强烈的欲望”；动词protect意为“保护”。根据“forces our protagonist to pick up the weapon ____ his family and newfound homeland”可知，本空意思为“威胁”，且空前有不定冠词a，故第一空用threat；本句谓语为returns and forces，第二空用非谓语动词，作目的状语，故第二空用to protect。故选B。
29. ______ with motor neuron disease in 1963 at the age of 21, Hawking was expected ______ for only two more years.
A. Having diagnosed … to have lived B. Having diagnosed … to live
C. Diagnosed … to have lived D. Diagnosed … to live
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词和动词不定式。句意：1963年，21岁的霍金被诊断出患有运动神经元疾病，预计他只能再活两年。分析句子结构可知，第一空为非谓语动词作状语，diagnose与逻辑主语Hawking之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式；第二空为固定用法be expected to do sth.意为“预计或可能会……”符合句意，所以此处使用不定式形式，结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，所以使用不定式的一般式。故选D项。
30. In a (n) ______ situation, it’s acceptable to break a fever reducer tablet ______ and share it with your neighbor.
A. rough； into half B. exceptional ；by half
C. desperate； in half D. hazardous； as half
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析和介词短语辨析。句意：在绝望的情况下，把退烧药掰成两半分给你的邻居是可以接受的。形容词rough意为“粗糙的”；形容词exceptional意为“杰出的”；形容词desperate意为“绝望的”；形容词hazardous意为“危险的”。by half 意为“只一半”；in half 意为“分成两半”；不存在into half短语。根据break a fever reducer tablet ______ and share it with your neighbor可知，在绝望的情况下才会出现这种情况，故第一空填desperate。根据句意，第二空填in half，break...in half“打破……分成两半”。故选C。
31. Gradually my enthusiasm for science fiction books ______, for it was hard to find a good one I could ______ my nose in.
A. died out; land B. died away; inlay
C. died down; bury D. died off; press
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我对科幻小说的热情逐渐消失了，因为很难找到一本能让我埋头苦读的好书。A. died out灭绝，land着陆；B. died away消失，inlay把……嵌入；C. died down逐渐减弱或消失，bury埋头于，专心于；D. died off逐渐减少，press压。根据句中“it was hard to find a good one”可推知，因为没有好书，所以热情逐渐消失，第一空处可用动词短语die down；根据“a good one”可推知，好书可以让我“埋头苦读”，用动词短语bury one’s nose in...，意为“埋头于，专心于”。故选C项。
32. ______ in the shovel’s jaws, the hatchling appears doomed until, ______, the shovel lifts the bird back to its nest.
A. Struck … exceptionally B. Stuck …miraculously
C. Being struck … constantly D. Being stuck… plainly
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语和副词词义辨析。句意：幼鸟困在铲子的嘴里，似乎要完蛋了，直到奇迹般地，铲子把它抬回了巢。A. exceptionally罕见；B. miraculously奇迹般地；C. constantly不断地；D. plainly清楚地。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词appears，所以stick用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语the hatchling是被动关系，用过去分词表被动即可，根据后文“the shovel lifts the bird back to its nest”在小鸟即将完蛋时，被送回了巢，应是奇迹般地。故选B项。
33. After they turned on the air-conditioner, the hot air rose, and the cold air ______ down into the lower part, and away from ______ they ate, slept, and chilled.
A. sank; where B. sunk; what C. dived; where D. dove; what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析、时态和宾语从句。句意：他们打开空调后，热空气上升，冷空气下沉到下部，远离他们吃饭、睡觉和受冻的地方。A. sank下沉，sink的过去式；B. sunk下沉，sink的过去分词；C. dived下潜，dive的过去式或过去分词；D. dove下潜，dive的过去式或过去分词（美式英语）。根据“the cold air”和“down into the lower part”可知，第一空应用sink，表示“冷空气下沉到下部”，且结合“turned”和“rose”可知，时态为一般过去时，sink需用过去式的形式；第二空引导名词性从句作from的宾语，结合“they ate, slept, and chilled”可知，从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where作引导词。故选A。
34. As long as a FDFZer is determined to ______ well in the English final exam, his/her persistence will ______.
A. do … pay off B. doing … pay off
C. do … be paid off D. doing … be paid off
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式和动词短语。句意：只要复旦附中学子决心在英语期末考试中取得好成绩，他/她的坚持就会得到回报。be determined to do sth.是固定用法，意为“决心做某事”，故第一空填do；pay off表示“取得成功；奏效；得到回报”时是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，故第二空填pay off。故选A。
35. Its snow-white houses ______ cosily in a sea of fresh green vegetation, and no village could look prettier or more attractive.
A. located B. nestled C. laid D. surrounded
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雪白的房屋舒适地筑在一片翠绿的草木中，没有哪个村庄看起来比它更漂亮、更有吸引力。A. located安置在，建造于；B. nestled位处，坐落（于安全、隐蔽之处）；C. laid放置，安放；D. surrounded围绕。分析句子结构可知，此处应为句子的谓语动词，表示“位于”应为nestle in，nestle为不及物动词，只表示主动意义，locate、lay以及surround与主语houses之间为被动关系，而A项、C项和D项均为主动形式。故选B项。
36. ______ labor bureaus were established in the rural areas and smaller towns to ____ the flow of workers.
A. State-regulated…overseeing B. State-regulating…oversee
C. State-regulated…oversee D. State-regulating…be overseen
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在农村地区和小城镇建立了国家监管的劳动局，以监督工人的流动。根据“labor bureaus”可知，第一空需填形容词作定语，State-regulated作形容词，表示“国家监管的,受国家监管的”，结合句意可知，建立国家监管的劳动局是为了监督工人的流动，“劳动局”和“监管”之间是主动关系，故第二空需用动词不定式的一般形式to do作目的状语。故选C项。
37. While the need for geriatric trained physicians is growing, the pool of doctors likely to enter the field has remained ______.
A. freezing B. constant C. large D. sound
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然对受过老年医学训练的医生的需求正在增长，但可能进入该领域的医生数量却保持不变。A. freezing极冷的；B. constant不变的；C. large大的；D. sound健康的。根据从属连词while可知，前后文有转折关系，上文说“对医生的需求正在增长”，下文说“但可能进入该领域的医生数量却保持不变”，用形容词constant作表语，符合语境。故选B项。
38. Jurgens and Van den Bergh strike a ______to form an association and share profits while continuing to compete against each other.
A. match B. deal C. blow D. balance
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尤尔根斯和范登伯格达成协议，成立一个协会，分享利润，同时继续相互竞争。A. match比赛；B. deal交易，协议；C. blow打击，挫折；D. balance平衡。根据后文to form an association and share profits可知，他们达成协议。故选B项。
39. They plan to ______ that old apartment building and replace it with shops and luxury condos.
A. take up B. set up C. put up D. blow up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们计划炸毁那栋旧公寓楼，代之以商店和豪华公寓。A. take up占据；接受；开始从事；B. set up建立；C. put up 建造；搭起；张贴；D. blow up炸毁；引爆。根据句中“replace it with shops and luxury condos”可知，此处指炸毁那栋旧公寓楼。故选D。
40. We must and we will find another democratic, lawful and constitutional means ______ the Scottish people can express their will.
A. with which B. within which C. in which D. by which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们必须而且将找到另一种民主、合法和符合宪法的方式，让苏格兰人民能够表达他们的意愿。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是means，指物。by... means“通过……方式”，故应用by which引导。故选D。
41. From helping in the search for outer-space homes ______ humankind could relocate if necessary, to ______ in mapping climate change, AI might be our best bet at survival.
A. where…assisting B. which…assisting
C. where…assist D. which…assist
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和动名词。句意：从帮助寻找人类在必要时可以搬迁的外太空家园，到帮助绘制气候变化图，人工智能可能是我们生存的最佳选择。分析句子结构可知，“______ humankind could relocate if necessary”是定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是“outer-space homes”，指地点，故用关系副词where引导定语从句，from sth to sth表示“从……到……”，to是介词，需用动名词作宾语。故选A项。
42. Leonard asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. whom B. who C. with whom D. with him
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：伦纳德要求和他一起工作的警察在发生事故时与他联系。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“和他一起工作的警察”，work with sb表示“和某人一起工作”，需要用介词with引出宾语，先行词是“the policeman”，指人，作介词with的宾语，故用介词+关系代词with+whom引导定语从句。故选C项。
43. ______ you’ve recovered from the virus, you should wear a mask just ______ you come into contact with someone who is infected with a different strain.
A. Even … lest B. Providing … as C. Even if … in case D. Unless … in order
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：即使你已经从病毒中恢复过来，你也应该戴上口罩，以防你接触到感染了不同病毒的人。A. Even … lest甚至……以免……；B. Providing … as 假如……因为……；C. Even if … in case即使……以防……；D. Unless … in order除非……为了……。由语境可知，这里是说即使已经恢复了，也要戴好口罩以防万一。C选项符合题意。故选C。
44. ______ finished the sentence ______ all the students exited Classin.
A. As soon as the teacher… that B. No sooner have the teacher … than
C. The teacher hardly… before D. Scarcely had the teacher …when
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语，时态和倒装。句意：汤姆的演讲刚结束，观众就开始鼓掌。hardly…when…/no sooner…than…/ scarcely…when…“一……就……”是固定句型，hardly...before...“一……就……”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，否定词位于句首，主句要主谓部分倒装，对比选项，as soon as“一……就……”和that都是连词，重复使用，故A项错误；B项时态错误；C项时态错误，D项否定词scarcely置句首，主句倒装，时态为过去完成时，主动词had提前，与when搭配正确。故选D。
45. Usually I am sparing with money, as I have to be, ______that I don’t earn that much.
A. given B. as C. providing D. so
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：考虑到我挣的钱不多，通常我会尽量节省。given that假定， 已知，考虑到；as that短语不存在；providing that前提是；so that因此。根据“I don’t earn that much.”可知，此处意为考虑到自己没有挣那么多的钱。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need.
A. voyaged B. barely C. renowned D. abnormality E. discipline F. navigable G. unprecedented H. eyed I. Fortunately J. accessible K. degradation
For voyager and green promoter Zhai Mo, the 504-day non-stop voyage to the Arctic Ocean has stimulated his concern about the climate and awareness of his responsibilities.
Navigating more than 28,000 nautical miles (51,856 kilometers) in harsh conditions, Zhai, a (n) ___46___ Chinese explorer, returned to Shanghai on his aluminum sailboat on Nov 17, along with two crew members, becoming the first man to successfully circle, both ways, the Arctic Ocean without stop. “This non-stop Arctic Ocean circle route can be said to be ___47___. We ___48___ both the northeast and northwest routes while previous explorers only chose one route. This is a self-challenge and transcendence in the history of human navigation,” the 54-year-old says.
Zhai undertook this task as an ambassador of the Chinese navigation science and marine public welfare, and also the ForNature Campaign of the United Nations Development Program. He set sail on June 30 last year to raise public awareness of global warming, climate change and land ___49___. During the trip, he crossed the East China Sea, the Western Pacific, the Bering Strait, the Chukchi Sea, the East Siberian Sea and the Beaufort Sea. He saw dolphins, whales, walruses, sea lions and seals, as well as shoals of cod and wolf fishes.
“When we passed through the Northwest Pacific Ocean on our way back, we encountered three typhoons within a week, which ___50___ happened in the past,” Zhai recalls.
Zhai didn’t see any floating ice during his one-week voyage in the Kara Sea while the previous meteorological data showed ice there.
“My own experience tells me that climate ___51___ is obvious now,” Zhai says.
The voyage, to enter the Arctic Ocean from the Bering Strait before making a round trip returning to Shanghai, was planned to take four months, but the return schedule was delayed for more than a year. “As soon as we entered the Bering Strait, we encountered a polar cyclone. A large number of ice floes and icebergs were blown to the coast. However, the Arctic Ocean can only be ___52___ near land, so we had been carefully crossing between ice floes and icebergs for a long time and the speed was only 1 to 3 knots,” Zhai says. But for Zhai, the most difficult part of the whole voyage was around 75 degrees north. The Arctic Ocean is known as the “dead channel”, Zhai says, adding that the location where the Titanic went down was on his route and dotted with countless icebergs. After entering the iceberg region, Zhai navigated the sailboat while the two crew members went on watch to report on the menacing ice. Despite the precaution, the boat hit an iceberg near Greenland, causing water seepage below the waterline that had to be dealt with. Meanwhile, compasses and electronic goods on the boat failed because of the magnetic field. “I had never encountered this situation in sailing before,” says Zhai. ___53___, he took a fiber optic compass specially used for high latitude navigation, and managed to leave this area with visual aids. In addition to ice floes and icebergs, Zhai and his team also faced severe tests such as heavy fog, strong winds and huge waves. When sailing through the Chukchi Sea, the boat navigated around a large area of ice floes and heavy fog resulting in visibility of no more than 10 meters. They spent nearly 11 hours to get just 50 nautical miles. “We tried to leave as soon as possible during our voyage in the Arctic Ocean,” he says, adding that there was a constant danger of being trapped by the ice.
Zhai was attracted by sailing when holding an art exhibition abroad in 2000. In 2007, he got a second-hand sailboat with simple supplies, such as instant noodles, pancakes and potatoes, and started his voyage trip around the world.
After that 35,000-nautical-mile voyage, Zhai ___54___ an Arctic Ocean journey. “Navigation is a comprehensive ____55____. You should know not only astronomy but also geography. You also need to be a carpenter, fitter, hammerer and painter, and should be able to survive in a harsh, outdoor environment,” Zhai says.
He adds that he hopes more young people would participate in navigation, to promote and publicize the ocean awareness and navigation spirit. He is preparing for the third voyage trip around the world next year or the year after that. “Antarctica is also a very big challenge. I hope to explore more unknowns, and I also want to launch a transoceanic sailing competition.”
【答案】46. C 47. G
48. A 49. K
50. B 51. D
52. F 53. I
54. H 55. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是中国航海家翟墨从上海出发，历时500多天，完成了人类首次不停靠环航北冰洋之旅。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：11月17日，中国著名探险家翟墨在恶劣的条件下航行了28,000海里(51,856公里)，乘坐他的铝制帆船和两名船员一起返回上海，成为第一个成功不间断往返北冰洋的人。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“著名的”应为renowned符合句意。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“这条不间断的北冰洋航线可以说是史无前例的。我们走了东北和西北两条路线，而以前的探险家只选择一条路线。这是人类航海史上的一次自我挑战和超越，”54岁的他说。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“前所未有的”应为unprecedented符合句意。故选G项。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：“这条不间断的北冰洋航线可以说是史无前例的。我们走了东北和西北两条路线，而以前的探险家只选择一条路线。这是人类航海史上的一次自我挑战和超越，”54岁的他说。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“航行”应为voyage，根据语境可知，本文介绍的是航海之旅，所以此处使用一般过去时，与主语之间为主动关系，所以使用voyaged。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：他于去年6月30日启航，以提高公众对全球变暖、气候变化和土地退化的认识。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“退化”应为degradation，且为不可数名词。故选K项。
【50题详解】
考查副词。句意：“回程途经西北太平洋时，一周内遭遇了三次台风，这在过去是很少发生的，”翟墨回忆说。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰动词happened，结合句意可知，此处表示“很少”应为barely。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说:“我自己的经验告诉我，现在气候异常很明显。”分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，结合句意可知，此处表示“异常”应为abnormality。故选D项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“我们一进入白令海峡，就遇到了极地气旋。大量的浮冰和冰山被吹到海岸上。然而，北冰洋只能在陆地附近通航，所以我们在浮冰和冰山之间小心翼翼地航行了很长时间，速度只有1到3海里。”分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“可航行的”应为navigable。故选F项。
【53题详解】
考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他带了一个专门用于高纬度航行的光纤指南针，在视觉辅助下离开了这个地区。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合句意可知，此处表示“幸运地”应为fortunately，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故选I项。
【54题详解】
考查动词。句意：在那次35,000海里的航行之后，翟墨把目光投向了北冰洋之旅。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“审视”应为eye，根据时间状语After that 35,000-nautical-mile voyage以及语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，且与主语之间为主动关系，所以使用谓语动词形式eyed。故选H项。
【55题详解】
考查名词。句意：航海是一门综合性学科。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“学科”应为discipline，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数形式。故选E项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (1*15+2*15=45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska. The poles, the dancing lights, and the winter wonderlands have always attracted extreme travelers—but this time, there is more than the magical draw of the ___56___ that is inviting people up towards the corners of the globe: climate change.
There’s a strange form of climate anxiety, which is driving more people to places and sights that may ___57___ to exist in the coming years or decades. Alaska ___58___ the list of climate-tempted travel destinations. The northern and otherwise-serene Alaskan village of Kaktovik ___59___ a major boom in tourism last year, as over 2,000 people appeared on its lightly ___60___ gravel(砂砾) and snowy streets. Until earlier in the decade, local news reports say, the village had fewer than 50 annual visitors. The main ___61___ now are polar bears, which are being forced into towns by a warming planet and the shrinking Arctic sea ice. All the heating is making it far easier for wildlife ___62___ and effortless bear selfies. Most visitors are reportedly from China, Europe, or the USA, often arriving on fuel-consuming chartered planes.
Around the mid-1990s, researchers began ___63___ more female bears denning(筑巢) on land instead of in the ice. And seasons of tourism match up with changing bear behavior. It peaks in autumn (which is also far warmer and breezier than the forthcoming winter—and climate change is making things more pleasant in general) when sea ice is far from the shore, and bears can become ___64___ on the land until the sea freezes again in winter.
A report in the Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment found, “Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States.” This year, alarming temperatures were reported from Alaska. Every day since April 25 saw above ______65______ temperatures, the longest streak in a century.
While bears have their charm, melting glaciers are a landscape in their own right. With ______66______ like the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ______67______ thought, the number of tourists on ice seems to be going up consistently. Alaska’s tour companies have reported an extraordinary increase—and the number of polar cruises reportedly went up 33 percent in the last decade. Some glaciers have been marked by the rate of melt for tourists to watch and imagine the ______68______ from where they stand, much like visitors to the Berlin wall picture the past. As the landscape changes, tour companies have had to ______69______ their regular routes and hikes too—some glaciers that had ______70______ by foot only a decade ago can now only be reached by helicopter.
56. A. east B. west C. north D. south
57. A. cease B. continue C. stick D. try
58. A. releases B. reviews C. tops D. creates
59. A. saw B. indicated C. developed D. predicted
60. A. located B. populated C. upgraded D. occupied
61. A. species B. attractions C. destinations D. identifications
62. A. protecting B. evaluating C. dismissing D. spotting
63. A. training B. tempting C. feeding D. noticing
64. A. initiated B. inhabited C. stranded D. hunted
65. A. average B. comfortable C. humiliated D. global
66. A. evaluations B. predictions C. regulations D. generalizations
67. A. carefully B. beneficially C. previously D. specially
68. A. future B. currency C. temporary D. history
69. A. identify B. stabilize C. eliminate D. modify
70. A. view B. access C. network D. coast
【答案】56. C 57. A 58. C 59. A 60. B 61. B 62. D 63. D 64. C 65. A 66. B 67. C 68. A 69. D 70. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个特别的现象，位于极寒地区的阿拉斯加曾经人迹罕至，现在因受到全球变暖的影响，一些景观可能从地球上永远消失，而北极熊则由于地球变暖和北极海冰萎缩被迫进入城镇，成为旅游吸引力。人们因此蜂拥而至，这引起了当地旅游业的变化与发展。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：极地、跳舞的灯光和冬天的仙境总是吸引着极限旅行者——但这一次，不仅仅是北方的神奇魅力吸引着人们来到地球的角落：（还有）气候变化。A. east东方；东部；B. west西方；西部；C. north北方；北部；D. south南方；南部。根据空前定冠词“the”并结合前文语境“A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska.(寒冷而美丽的阿拉斯加是世界各地旅游目的地中新增的一个热门景点。)”可知，“the ___1___”应是指阿拉斯加，结合常识可知，该地位于美国西北部，应是“the north”表特指。故选C项。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一种奇怪的气候焦虑形式，这种焦虑正驱使越来越多的人去那些在未来几年或几十年里可能不复存在的地方和景点。A. cease停止；B. continue继续；延续；C. stick刺；戳；粘住；D. try努力；尝试。根据前文“that is inviting people up towards the corners of the globe: climate change(它正在吸引人们走近地球的角落：气候变化)”可知，应是气候变化导致了气候焦虑的产生，而这种焦虑促使人们去游览一些受到气候变化影响的地方，因为这些地方有可能会消失。“cease to exist”，可意为“不复存在”，符合语境表达。故选A项。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿拉斯加居具气候吸引力的旅游目的地之首。A. releases释放；公开；B. reviews回顾；重新考虑；C. tops居……之首；为……之冠；D. creates创造。根据前文“A trending new addition to travel destinations around the world is freezing-yet-beautiful Alaska. (寒冷而美丽的阿拉斯加是世界各地旅游目的地中新增的一个热门景点。)”可知，阿拉斯加州成为了吸引人们的热门游览胜地，居于榜首。故选C项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，这个原本宁静的阿拉斯加北部村庄Kaktovik迎来了旅游业的大繁荣，2000多名游客出现在这个人口稀少的由砾石和积雪组成的街道上。A. saw为……发生的地点；经历；目睹；B. indicated表明；显示；C. developed发展；开发；D. predicted预言；预告。根据前文“Alaska ___3___ the list of climate-tempted travel destinations.”可知，阿拉斯加是最具气候吸引力的旅游目的地，由此可知，阿拉斯加州的 Kaktovik村应是“亲身”经历了旅游业去年的蓬勃发展，选项A“saw”在表达“为……发生的地点”含义时有见证事件的意义，符合语境表达。故选A项。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去去年，这个原本宁静的阿拉斯加北部村庄Kaktovik迎来了旅游业的大繁荣，2000多名游客出现在这个人口稀少的由砾石和积雪组成的街道上。A. located位于；查找……的地点；B. populated聚居；栖息；C. upgraded使升级；提升；D. occupied使用；占用（空间、面积、时间等）。 根据前文“the corners of the globe(地球的角落)”可知，这个村庄应是地球的角落之一，因此，人口稀少，即“lightly populated”，符合语境表达。故选B项。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在最吸引人的是北极熊，由于地球变暖和北极海冰萎缩，它们被迫进入城镇。A. species物种；B. attractions吸引力；游览胜地；C. destinations目的地；D. identifications鉴定；辨认。根据前文“The northern and otherwise-serene Alaskan village of Kaktovik ___4 __ a major boom in tourism last year, as over 2,000 people appeared on its lightly ___5___ gravel and snowy streets.(去年，这个原本宁静的阿拉斯加北部村庄Kaktovik迎来了旅游业的大繁荣，2000多名游客出现在这个人口稀少的砾石和积雪的街道上。)”可知，该地成为旅游胜地，本句应是在解释其成为旅游胜地的原因，即其吸引力所在：由于地球变暖和北极海冰萎缩，北极熊被迫进入这里。故选B项。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的加热设备都让人们更容易看到野生动物，也更容易看到游客与熊的自拍。A. protecting保护；B. evaluating评价；评估；C. dismissing解散；解雇；开除；D. spotting注意到；发现。根据前文“The main ___6___ now are polar bears, which are being forced into towns by a warming planet and the shrinking Arctic sea ice.(由于地球变暖和北极海冰萎缩，北极熊被迫进入城镇。)”可知，气候变暖使得一些野生动物受到影响而进入人类“生活圈”，更容易被（人类）看到和发现。故选D项。
【63题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在20世纪90年代中期，研究人员注意到越来越多的雌性北极熊在陆地上筑巢，而不是在冰面上。A. training 训练；培训；B. tempting引诱；诱惑；C. feeding喂养；饲养；D. noticing注意到；意识到。根据句子主语为“researchers(研究人员)”可知，应是研究动物的人员或科学家注意到雌性北极熊筑巢地的变化。故选D项。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它在秋天达到顶峰（秋天也远比即将到来的冬天暖和多了，气候变化也让一切变得更愉快），此时海冰离海岸很远，北极熊会被滞留在陆地上，直到冬天海水再次结冰。A. initiated开始；发起；B. inhabited 居住于；C. stranded使滞留；使搁浅；D. hunted猎取；猎杀；搜索。根据前文“It peaks in autumn when sea ice is far from the shore”可知，秋天时海冰离海岸很远，因此，在陆地筑巢的北极熊无法回到海洋中，会一直滞留在陆地直到海面再次结冰，对于海洋动物而言，“stranded”意为“被搁浅；被滞留”，符合语境表达。故选C项。
【65题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自4月25日以来，气温每天都高于平均水平，这是一个世纪以来持续时间最长的一次。A. average平均的；普通的；B. comfortable使人舒服的；舒适的；C. humiliated感到丢脸的；D. global全球的；总体的。根据句子“Every day since April 25 saw above ___10 __ temperatures, the longest streak in a century.”句意表达并结合常识可知，应是将4月25日以来每天的气温与平均气温相比较，从而对比得出这是一个世纪以来最长的高温。故选A项。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项预测，冰川融化的速度可能比之前预计的快100倍，冰上游客的数量似乎在持续上升。A. evaluations评估；B. predictions预言；预测；C. regulations法规；条例；D. generalizations概括；一般化。根据后文“like(像)”之后的举例内容“the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ___12___ thought(最近的一个（预测）冰川融化的速度可能比之前认为的快100倍)”可知，这应是一种预测。故选B项。
【67题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项预测，冰川融化的速度可能比之前预计的快100倍，冰上游客的数量似乎在持续上升。A. carefully仔细地；小心地；B. beneficially受益地；获利地；C. previously以前；预先；D. specially专门地；特别地。结合句中“With ___11___ like the recent one that glaciers could be melting at 100 times faster than ___12___ thought”含义可知，应是根据现在的气候变化而做出的预测与之前的想法进行了对比得出结论：冰川融化速度要比之前想象的快上100倍。故选C项。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些冰川已经被标记为融化的速度，游客可以从他们所站的地方观看和想象未来，就像参观柏林墙的游客描绘过去一样。A. future将来；未来；B. currency通货；货币；C. temporary暂时；D. history历史。根据前文“Some glaciers have been marked by the rate of melt for tourists to watch”可知，一些冰川已经被标示出融化速度，供游客观赏，从而可以在所站之处想象（冰川融化后的）未来，与后文“the past(过去)”相呼应。故选A项。
【69题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着景观的变化，旅游公司也不得不修改他们的常规路线和徒步旅行——一些十年前还可以步行进入的冰川现在只能通过直升机到达。A. identify确认；认出；鉴定；B. stabilize使稳定；稳固；C. eliminate排除；清除；消除；D. modify调整；修改。 根据前文 “As the landscape changes(随着景观的变化)”可知，旅游公司应是会根据景观的变化调整旅游路线。故选D项。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着景观的变化，旅游公司也不得不修改他们的常规路线和徒步旅行——一些十年前还可以步行进入的冰川现在只能通过直升机到达。A. view视野；意见；风景；B. access通道；到达；进入；C. network网络；D. coast海岸；海滨。与后文“be reached(可到达)”相呼应，应是B项“access”，have access (to)，“进入”。故选B项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In 2004, Pen Hadow became the first person to trek (跋涉) to the North Pole alone, without being resupplied on the way. That meant swimming through unimaginably cold waters, and risking encounters with polar bears. Just eight months later, he made a similar trip to the South Pole. Now he is back in the Arctic again, preparing for an expedition (远征) he says is even more ambitious. Explorers are confident, driven individuals. They have to be. This time, however, more significance is attached. Pen and two colleagues will set out on a three-month, 1000-kilometre trek to the North Pole, taking detailed measurements of the thickness and density of the ice. Nobody has ever done this before, and he knows the results will be of vital significance to the scientific community. This will be the truest picture yet of what global warming is doing to the ice that covers the polar region.
Pen and his wife, Mary, live in the country with their two children. “It’s much harder to be away from them this time,” he admits. They were one and five when I last went, and I made a mistake in the way I said goodbye. I thought it would be a good idea to say to my son, “You’re the man of the house now, look after your mum and your sister.” He absolutely took it to heart, asking his mum how she was all the time, but the stress eventually became too much. While it was well intentioned, it was an unfair thing to do.
He is spending these last days before departure preparing his things. “Out on the ice, one is virtually unable to mend things or do anything that isn’t absolutely straightforward,” he says. With him will be Ann Daniels, one of the world’s leading polar explorers, and the photographer, Martin Hartley. They will be supported by a crew of six, flying in supplies. Being part of a team is actually more stressful to someone with his mentality, says Pen, and something else is on his mind too. “I’m going to be 47 on Thursday. I’ve done far less training than I’m comfortable with.” Why “Organisational things always seem more urgent. So I’m almost fearful of what I’m going to ask of myself.”
Pen believes his mission reconnects exploration with the search for knowledge that drove previous generations into the unknown. “Making it to the North Pole was a personal ambition,’”he admits, “and of limited value to anyone beyond the polar adventuring community. This time, scientists will profit from the data, and we’re creating a platform in which to engage as many people as possible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is important work, and nobody can do it but us,” he says. “Our skills, which are otherwise not that necessary, have become really relevant. Suddenly, we’re socially useful again.”
71. In the first paragraph, what do we learn about Pen Hadow’s opinion of the new expedition
A. He feels certain that it will be stressful.
B. He is aware of the huge importance of its aims.
C. He thinks it may be harder than his previous journeys.
D. He is less than confident of the scientific work it involves.
72. What does “took it to heart” (in paragraph 2) mean
A. He started to feel unwell. B. He memorised his father’s words.
C. He was afraid of the responsibility. D. He carried out his father’s words carefully.
73. What is worrying Pen about the new expedition
A. Whether he will be mentally prepared
B. Whether he will still be fit enough to take part.
C. Whether the arrangements he has made will turn out well.
D. Whether the equipment will work properly in icy conditions.
74. When he compares the new expedition to his previous ones, Pen feels ________.
A. uncertain if it will collect information.
B. doubtful about its long-term usefulness
C. pleased that more people will benefit from it
D. relieved that the general public will be more supportive
【答案】71. B 72. D 73. B 74. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pen Hadow即将进行的北极探险，这次探险极具意义，因为他将把探险与探索知识联系起来。
【71题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This time, however, more significance is attached. Pen and two colleagues will set out on a three-month, 1000-kilometre trek to the North Pole, taking detailed measurements of the thickness and density of the ice. Nobody has ever done this before, and he knows the results will be of vital significance to the scientific community. (然而，这一次的意义更为重大。Pen Hadow和两名同事将开始为期三个月、1000公里的北极跋涉，对冰层的厚度和密度进行详细的测量。以前从来没有人这样做过，他知道这些结果将对科学界具有至关重要的意义。)”可推断，他深知这次探险意义更为重大。故选B。
【72题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“I thought it would be a good idea to say to my son, “You’re the man of the house now, look after your mum and your sister.”(我认为对我儿子说:“你现在是家里的男人了，照顾你的妈妈和妹妹。”是个好主意)”可知，Pen Hadow让儿子照顾自己的妈妈和妹妹。再根据下文“asking his mum how she was all the time(一直问他妈妈感觉怎样)”可知，他的儿子认真地执行父亲的话。所以took it to heart为“他认真地执行他父亲的话。”之意。故选D。
【73题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第五句开始“Being part of a team is actually more stressful to someone with his mentality, says Pen, and something else is on his mind too. ‘I’m going to be 47 on Thursday. I’ve done far less training than I’m comfortable with.’ Why ‘Organisational things always seem more urgent. So I’m almost fearful of what I’m going to ask of myself.’(Pen说，作为团队的一员，对于那些心理状态良好的人来说，压力其实更大，而且他还在考虑其他事情。“到周四我就47岁了。我所做的训练远远少于我所能接受的。“为什么 “有组织的事情似乎总是更紧急。所以我几乎害怕我要问自己的问题。”)”可推断，他担心自己不能胜任此次探险。故选B。
【74题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“‘Making it to the North Pole was a personal ambition,’ he admits, ‘and of limited value to anyone beyond the polar adventuring community. This time, scientists will profit from the data, and we’re creating a platform in which to engage as many people as possible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is important work, and nobody can do it but us,’ he says.(他承认：“成功到达北极是个人的雄心壮志，对极地探险团体以外的任何人来说都没有多大价值。”这一次，科学家们将从数据中获益，我们正在创建一个平台，让尽可能多的人参与到北冰洋发生的事情中来。这是一项重要的工作，除了我们没人能做。)”可知，他觉得这次探险将会使得更多的人从他们的工作中获益。故选C。
(B)
Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense—with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky. Key Highlights Although it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible.State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenic Lake Pukakiand provides a comfortable base for alpine activities Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park forms the majority of New Zealand’s only International Dark Sky Reserve. Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun. Key Activities Mountain walks There are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed and well marked. The Red Tams Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two bours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountain pass routes-over the Mueller. Copland and Ball passes. Glacier viewing and skiing Helicopters and ski—planes provide access to the park’s fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From October until May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier’s terminal lake by boat. Mountaineering Climbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, MalteBrun, Elie de Beaumont, Sefton and La Perouse are quite popular. Key Tips ●Climbers don’t require permits but are requested to complete a trip intentions form. ●Local guides are available for climbing. walking and glacier skiing. ●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers. ●The weather can change very suddenly-be prepared for heavy rainfall, snow and/ or high winds. ●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.
75. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park
A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.
B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.
C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.
D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.
76. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ______ the most exciting.
A. Mountaineering on Elie de Beaumont
B. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley Track
C. Skiing on Tasman Glacier
D. Climbing Mount Cook
77. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ______.
A. properly evaluate your own experience and skill
B. get your permit prepared before you start to climb
C. hire local guides to help you to train for climbing
D. avoid exploring glaciers in winter
【答案】75. B 76. D 77. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了库克山国家公园的核心亮点以及游客在库克山国家公园可以从事的主要活动，并给出了一些提示。
【75题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers…all set under a star-studded sky.”可知，游客在库克山国家公园可以遥望繁星点点的夜空，故选B。
【76题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mountaineering中的“Climbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers.”可知，攀登库克山仍然是终极挑战，但还有许多其他山峰吸引有经验的登山者。由此可知，经验丰富的冒险家Mike很可能会发现攀登库克山是最令人兴奋的，故选D。
【77题详解】
细节理解题。根据Key Tips中的“Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers.”可知，冬季攀登是一项极限运动，只推荐给准备充分，经验丰富的登山者。由此可知，如果游客想去库克山国家公园，需要正确评估自己的经验和技能，故选A。
(C)
On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it’s by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.
These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture — special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.
“I’m excited about our progress,” says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for high-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”
The egg industry’s push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.
Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).
The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant- based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing.”
78. The climate friendly eggs are produced ______.
A. at a considerably low cost B. at the demand of regular shoppers
C. as a replacement for organic eggs D. on specially designed farms
79. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in ______.
A. reducing the damage of worms B. accelerating the disposal of waste
C. creating a sustainable system D. attracting customers to his products
80. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people ______.
A. are desperate to change their diet B. are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs
C. are enthusiastic about new food D. are amazed at environmental problems
81. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products’ ______.
A. market prospects B. nutritional value
C. standard definition D. moral implications
【答案】78. D 79. C 80. B 81. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候友好型鸡蛋的生产环境和人们对这种新型鸡蛋的看法。
【78题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段中“but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture — special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. (但它们也来自生活在再生农业农场的禽类，这种农场采用特殊技术培育肥沃的土壤，可以捕获温室气体。)”可知，气候友好型鸡蛋在专门设计的农场产生。故选D。
【79题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段““I’m excited about our progress,” says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for high-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.” (我对我们的进步感到兴奋，”布朗说，他在丹佛的NestFresh eggs收获鸡蛋，并增加了更多的覆盖作物，这些作物可以吸引蠕虫和蟋蟀供鸡吃。这些鸟的排泄物会给田地施肥。这样的改进“使我们的母鸡能够寻找高质量的天然饲料，这对我们供应给客户的土地、母鸡和鸡蛋都有好处)”可知，拉里·布朗对他创建的可持续的系统的进步感到兴奋。故选C。
【80题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant- based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. (该行业认为，那些愿意为自由放养、非转基因和牧场饲养的鸡蛋等优质产品支付更高价格的消费者，将会接受可持续性。调查显示，年轻一代更关心气候变化，而植物性肉类的一些成功可以归结为购物者想要表达他们保护环境的愿望。)”可知，年轻人可能会购买气候友好型鸡蛋。故选B。
【81题详解】
推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. (宾夕法尼亚州立大学白兰地酒学院农业经济学副教授朱莉·斯坦顿说，再生产品可能很难销售，因为这个概念很难快速定义。)”和最后一段中“Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing.”(年轻人“真的很关心地球，”鸡蛋创新公司总裁约翰·布伦奎尔说。“他们绝对在改变食物链，我认为连他们自己都不知道自己在做什么。”)”可知，约翰·布伦奎尔不同意朱莉·斯坦顿关于再生产品市场前景的看法。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need.
What life will be in 2050
It’s hard to say definitively what life will be like in 2050. However, we can make some educated guesses based on the trends that are happening now. For instance, it’s likely that technology will play an even greater role in our lives than it does now. We might have flying cars, or robots to do our household chores.
The world population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, so resources may be strained. People may live in smaller homes or even underground to conserve space and energy. We may also see drastic changes in the way we get our food. With advances in technology, it’s possible that we’ll be able to create artificial meat or grow food in laboratories.
In 2050, many aspects of our life will be very different from what they are now. People’s lives, the environment, transportation, and education all change at a new level. ___82___ People will have more transportation options as a result of scientific progress. Solar-powered, wind- powered automobiles that are less harmful to the environment will become available and utilized. Anyone will be able to visit other planets using modern technology. As flying cars become more common, cities will need to adapt by building more vertical infrastructure like skyports. These multi-level buildings would be used for takeoffs and landings, and could also include shopping, dining and entertainment options.
___83___ And with the help of upcoming technology, we may not need formal schooling anymore. You would be able to learn anything you want from the comfort of your home with online teachers. The schedule will be more optional for you to choose as long as it meets your needs and timeframes.
There wil
