福建省厦门市重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题
一、第一部分 阅读理解，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读理解
UNESCO World Heritage Sites were created to celebrate and safeguard the most unique places around the world. Below are my 4 favorite UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Cinque Terre, Italy
With cars banned here, you'll really get to feel the unique history and character of the Cinque Terre's five centuries-old coastal villages. The breathtaking views of harbors（港口）far below the wild coastline along with the rich colors will definitely make it a memorable holiday.
Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Angkor Wat is the world's largest religious（宗教的）monument and it contains impressive remains from the Khmer Empire（9th to 15th century）. The site has dozens of iconic temples like Ta Prohm（a magnificent temple ruin hidden in the jungle）. Hosting more than two million visitors annually, this artistic masterpiece is a must-see site.
Petra, Jordan
Petra's rock-cut architecture has contributed to its nickname, the Rose City, based on the color of the stone it was carved from. The delicate constructions of temples and tombs along with the remains of churches and temples are only a couple of reasons why this world-famous site is a must-visit destination.
Yellowstone National Park, USA
Yellowstone's vast wilderness includes mountain ranges, lakes and waterfalls. One of the main reasons for tourists to visit Yellowstone is to observe the amazing wildlife like grizzly bear, bison, bighorn sheep wander the plains and valleys.
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1．Where can tourists enjoy beautiful harbor views
A．In Cinque Terre. B．In Angkor Wat.
C．In Petra. D．In Yellowstone National Park.
2．What do Angkor Wat and Petra have in common
A．Colorful stones. B．Religious relics.
C．Coastal villages. D．Amazing wildlife.
3．Where is the text probably from
A．A news report. B．A wildlife brochure.
C．A travel blog. D．A culture guidebook.
阅读理解
When I handed my daughter a copy of King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry, she looked skeptical. She reluctantly agreed to read it with me after I told her it was one of my favorite stories when I was her age, and her skepticism quickly morphed into enthusiasm as she fell in love with the book.
Watching her connect to the story brought back a flood of memories about my first time reading the book. It was like introducing my daughter to a much younger version of myself. I highly recommend other parents share their favorite childhood books, a sweet activity with lots of benefits.
Every night, I sit on the end of my daughters'beds and read them the stories I've cherished for decades. This distraction-free time gives my kids the chance to ask questions about the book we're reading, the "olden days" when I was a kid, and whatever else is on their minds.
My 9-year-old especially adores this time together and the deeper connection she feels to her family because of it. Reading her a book that holds significant meaning for me brings us together in a whole new way.
There's nothing better than watching my kids' reactions to books I've loved my entire life. They chattered with excitement when Charlie found his golden ticket in Roald Dahl's classic and pulled the covers over their blushing faces when Almanzo asked Laura if he could walk her home in the Little House series.
In these moments, it feels like I'm reaching through time and connecting my childhood with theirs.
Every generation has books that define them. For my kids, it's mostly fantasy and realistic fiction. By reading my childhood favorites to them, my kids step outside their comfort zones and try new genres, authors, and writing styles. My 9-year-old didn't know she loved folklore until we read my favorite collection of Japanese children's stories together. My 11-year-old became obsessed with wilderness survival stories when I read Scott O'Dell's Island of the Blue Dolphins to her.
4．Which can best replace the underlined word in the first paragraph
A．changed B．translated C．built D．burnt
5．How does reading together influence the author and his daughters
A．They don t understand each other.
B．They forget their unhappiness in the past.
C．They become closer to each other.
D．They get bored with each other.
6．What are the kids'responses to the books the author loved in his childhood
A．They are excited and pleased.
B．They are bored but curious.
C．They are astonished and sad.
D．They are uninterested but grateful.
7．What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph
A．He burdens his children by reading.
B．He helps his children find their interests.
C．He fails to get his children out of fantasy.
D．He prefers to read children's books.
阅读理解
When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure（确保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization（UNO）could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, "Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime." If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
8．According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time
A．By solving the cost problems.
B．By solving the transportation problems.
C．By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D．By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
9．What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence
A．Providing food is vital.
B．Learning to fish is helpful.
C．Teaching skills is essential. D Looking after others is important.
10．Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands
A．A medical team. B．An exchange program.
C．A water plant. D．Financial support.
11．What can we infer about international aid from the passage
A．It is facing difficulties.
B．It is unnecessary during normal times.
C．It should be given in the form of materials.
D．It has gained support from developed countries.
阅读理解
The curb cut（路缘坡）is a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one.
Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpose in mind.
It's hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps（斜坡）to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb "might as well have been Mount Everest" for wheelchair-bound people. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help disadvantaged people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.
I think about the "curb cut effect" a lot when working on issues around health equality. The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equality as "a zero-sum game（零和游戏）". Basically, there is a deeply rooted social belief among them that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said is that "when society-creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins."
One such example is closed captioning（字幕）, originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it's easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it's convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym, second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid.
So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.
12．What does the underlined quote imply concerning a six-inch curb
A．It is an unforgettable symbol.
B．It is an impassable barrier.
C．It is an important sign.
D．It is an impressive landmark.
13．According to Angela Blackwell, what do many people believe
A．It's not worthwhile to promote health equality.
B．It's necessary to go all out to help the disabled.
C．It's impossible to have everyone treated equally.
D．It's fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others.
14．Which of the following examples best illustrates the "curb cut effect" principle
A．The four great inventions of ancient China spread to other countries in the world.
B．Reading machines for blind people help build the digital maps drivers use to navigate.
C．Your reaching out to the disadvantaged contributes to more people doing it.
D．A butterfly flapping its wings in one country leads to a Tornado in another country.
15．What is the main idea of the text
A．The curb cut is a convenient ramp designed to benefit the disabled.
B．Everyone in a society should be treated equally.
C．Supporting disadvantaged groups often ends up benefiting much larger ranges of society.
D．How disability rights activists fought for equality that changed the life of his followers.
二、第一部分 阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. 16． But since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. Climate change can cause extreme events like wildfires and floods. 17．
How does climate change make you feel The news of melting glaciers and oil spills may seem overwhelming and can make you feel angry, frightened, hopeless or upset. This is called climate anxiety. 18． If you feel worried about what's happening to the world, it's good for you. It's normal to be upset when things you care about are getting hurt.
19． There are lots of things you can do to help society take better care of the world. Turn your fear into power by doing something. Breaking the problem into bite-sized chunks is a good way to start. Think of something you feel passionate about, such as protecting ocean life or saving forests, and join a community group or charity that supports that cause.
Positive action can inspire others too. Sisters Kim and Stella King from the charity Fights Against Plastic have picked up 90,000 pieces of plastic. They ask schools, businesses and organizations to follow their lead. Remember, it's important to get support from people around. 20．
A. Why is there climate anxiety
B And it is a normal, healthy response.
C. This risks the lives of humans, animals and plants.
D. Melting glaciers contribute a third of sea-level rise.
F No one can fix climate change on their own but we can all play a part.
f. These shifts may be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle.
G. So, tell friends and family what you're up to and encourage them to join in.
三、第三部分 语言运用，第一节 完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our neighbors had a loud party last night. We weren't 21． but this was one of those celebrations that I didn't mind. They are a bunch of young, single guys and I would have felt out of place.
What 22． me was the way they behaved. One of the young men came over 23． in the day to "warn" us of the upcoming event and said it would be over at about 11 p. m. That was the first step. Even more 24． was what they did next. "Here's my 25． " offered our neighbor 26． . "Text me if it's too noisy." That was a level of 27． I had never experienced in all my years of being a neighbor!
And it really worked in their favor. My husband and I were so friendly that even when the event went past the 28． end time, even when the music reached high decibels（分贝）, and even when we couldn't get through on the phone number, we felt no 29． . We knew they would stop and be 30． eventually.
It takes such little effort to make people feel that they 31． and get people on your side. Everyone needs to let loose every now and then, especially in these uniquely tough times. But people who do it without 32． others are few and far between. I hadn't fully 33． my neighbors until this week. We had adopted that all too American "live and let live" posture. But now I see them in a new light and with greater 34． . They didn't just bring noise to the neighborhood; they shone the light of 35． .
21．A． located B． explored C． challenged D． invited
22．A． trapped B． impressed C． annoyed D． embarrassed
23．A． later B． closer C． earlier D． further
24．A． shocking B． frightening C． puzzling D． amazing
25．A． cell number B． room number
C． account number D． car number
26．A． anxiously B． politely C． regularly D． obviously
27．A． imagination B． consideration
C． recognition D． organization
28．A． promised B． supplied C． designed D． compared
29．A． stress B． anxiety C． worry D． anger
30．A． responsive B． adaptable C． continuous D． respectful
31．A． figure B． succeed C． matter D． access
32．A． interrupting B． inviting C． meeting D． disturbing
33．A． noticed B． delivered C． explored D． proved
34．A． surrounding B． appreciation C． curiosity D． distance
35．A． gratitude B． apology
C． thoughtfulness D． inspiration
四、第三部分 语言运用，第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Norman Bethune was a great 36． （Canada）doctor with a very creative mind and a determination to help people. As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After 37． （graduate）from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England, the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments 38． （make）them more useful. He is known best for his service during the World War I.
In 1938, Bethune left 39． China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war. 40． the difficult situation, Dr. Bethune did whatever he could -to assist the Chinese people. He helped to organize hospitals, 41． （teach）doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. He is respected as 42． unique personality in the history of medicine, owing to the materialization of the concept of "mobile medical unit". Some of the surgical tools developed by him 43． （use）in surgeries even now. Sadly, Dr. Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr. Bethune's 44． （die）, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, 45． he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
五、第三部分 语言运用，第四节 完成句子根据课本内容填空：（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）
46． Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars （被卷走）by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
47． The firefighters to the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate.
48． It was the first time that a Chinese team （work）outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill.
49．I only need a few words to （缩小差距）between us.
50． Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs （produce）since the international project started in 1994.
六、第四部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
51．第一节
假定你是校英文报的记者李华。上周六下午，你校组织了一个最美汉字的投票活动（poll）。得票最高的前三个汉字分别是"爱"、"梦"、"仁（benevolence）"。请你写一篇新闻稿，报道此次活动。内容包括：1.活动的时间、地点等；2.活动的过程；3.活动的意义。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Most Beautiful Chinese Characters
52．第二节 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A vegetarian diet（素食）is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a risk of diabetes（糖尿病）than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.
Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently studied how consumer behavior affects the environment. The study showed that meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the environment, second only to the use of motor vehicle.
Then, how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment For a start, all farm animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep give off methane gas（沼气）by expelling（排出）wind from their bodies. One co w can produce up to 60 liters of methane each day. Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. Many environmental experts now believe that it is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. It is estimated that 25% of all methane released into the atmosphere comes from farm animals.
Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the use of water andland.2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef, whereas 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of wheat. One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40,000 pounds of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots, or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes.
Many people now see the benefits of switching to a vegetarian diet, not just for health reasons, but also because it plays a vital role in protecting the environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian, or vegan diet. They believe a vegan diet, which excludes（排除） all products from animal sources, such as cheese, eggs, and milk, can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了作者最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织世界遗产。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章Cinque Terre, Italy部分中的"The breathtaking views of harbors (港口) far below the wild coastline along with the rich colors will definitely make it a memorable holiday."在狂野的海岸线下面，海港的壮丽景色和丰富的色彩绝对会使它成为一个难忘的假日。可知，游客在意大利的五渔村可以欣赏到美丽的海港景色。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据Angkor Wat, Cambodia部分中的"Angkor Wat is the world's largest religious (宗教的) monument and it contains impressive remains from the Khmer Empire (9th to 15th century). "吴哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遗迹，它包含着高棉帝国(9世纪到15世纪)留下的令人印象深刻的遗迹；Petra, Jordan部分中的"The delicate constructions of temples and tombs along with the remains of churches and temples are only a couple of reasons why this world-famous site is a must-visit destination. "精致的庙宇和陵墓建筑以及教堂和寺庙遗迹只是这个世界著名景点成为必去景点的几个原因。可知，吴哥窟和佩特拉共同之处是都可以参观到宗教文物。故选B。
3．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Below are my 4 favorite UNESCO World Heritage Sites. "下面是我最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织世界遗产；及全文可知，文章主要介绍了作者最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织世界遗产，从而推断文章最有可能选自一篇旅游博客。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．A
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者给女儿阅读自己童年喜欢的书籍，拉进了彼此的关系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"When I handed my daughter a copy of King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry, she looked skeptical. She reluctantly agreed to read it with me after I told her it was one of my favorite stories when I was her age, and her skepticism quickly morphed into enthusiasm as she fell in love with the book."当我递给女儿一本玛格丽特·亨利的《风之王》时，她露出怀疑的神情。在我告诉她这是我在她这个年纪时最喜欢的故事之一之后，她勉强同意和我一起读，当她爱上这本书时，她的怀疑很快转变到热情。可知，女儿对于跟着"我"读"我"在她那个年纪所喜爱的书先是持怀疑的态度，然后是不情愿地同意，所以当她喜欢上这本书的时候，态度应该是从怀疑转变到热情，划线词morph是"转变"的意思，故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第四段"My 9-year-old especially adores this time together and the deeper connection she feels to her family because of it. Reading her a book that holds significant meaning for me brings us together in a whole new way."我9岁的女儿特别喜欢和家人在一起的时光，也因此感受到与家人更深的联系。给她读一本对我来说意义重大的书让我们以一种全新的方式走到一起。可知，阅读让作者和女儿们的关系更近了，故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"They chattered with excitement when Charlie found his golden ticket in Roald Dahl's classic and pulled the covers over their blushing faces when Almanzo asked Laura if he could walk her home in the Little House series."当Charlie在Roald Dahl的经典作品中找到他的金奖券时，他们兴奋地叽叽喳喳；当Almanzo问劳拉是否可以在《小房子》系列中陪她走回家时，他们拉上被子，遮住了羞红的脸。可知，孩子们对作者童年时喜欢的书既兴奋又高兴。故选A。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"My 9-year-old didn't know she loved folklore until we read my favorite collection of Japanese children's stories together. My 11-year-old became obsessed with wilderness survival stories when I read Scott O'Dell's Island of the Blue Dolphins to her."直到我们一起读了我最喜欢的日本儿童故事集，我9岁的女儿才知道她喜欢民间传说。当我给我11岁的女儿读斯科特·奥戴尔的《蓝海豚岛》时，她迷上了荒野生存故事。"可推知，作者帮助孩子们找到了她们的兴趣所在，故选B。
【答案】8．C
9．C
10．D
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，灾难在全球是不可避免的。国际援助雪中送炭。然而援助要落到实处，着实要有些高效的措施。灾难区要直接受惠于援助，联合国为此做出了努力。比如，建立一个正直无私心救援物质的管理团队。当然，本文作者认为高效的援助不在于物质，而是平日里技术知识的共享——打造坚强友谊，互派国际交换生！
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解 。根据第一段中的"Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes."也许联合国办事处可以在每个国家建立一个由忠诚的男女组成的机构，他们可以迅速向洪水和地震的受害者分发援助物资。可知，救援物质要快速地分配到灾区，联合国可以在各国组建一支特别团队，专门实施这项工作。故选C。
9．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime."相当于汉语谚语"授人以鱼不如授人以渔。"，强调的是"渔"（技术）；以及"For example, a country could share its technology with another."一个国家可以与另一国共享技术资源；和"…like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites."比如农业，或像医疗卫生保健甚至卫星的制造等复杂领域。等。可推断，作者想表达教授技术至关重要。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的" For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is take for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back form time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands. "例如，一个国家可以与另一个国家分享其技术。这可能是在简单的领域，如农业，或更复杂的领域，如医疗和保健，甚至在建设卫星方面。即使是小国也能帮助欠发达国家。有时，理所当然的做法，如建立净水厂或管理一所学校，可能对那些正在寻求解决共同问题的国家有用。分享这些简单的东西并不需要花费太多。交换生可以待数月或数年，并在网站上学习所需的工艺。然后，他们可以把他们的知识带回他们的祖国，如果有必要的话，他们会时不时地回来消除疑虑或更新自己。这种援助将是真正有帮助的，不可能是暂时的，也不可能落入坏人之手。可推断，财政支持可能落入坏人之手。故选D。
11．考查推理判断。 根据第一段中的"When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure（确保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended."在提供国际援助时，必须采取步骤确保援助能够到达援助的对象手中；第二段中的"More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times."比起一个国家在灾难中给予另一个国家的帮助，在正常时期给予其他形式的帮助会更有效；以及第三段中的"Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills."许多国家开设了各种技能课程。所以本文分别阐述解决国际援助尴尬的有效办法。可推断，国际援助面临困难。故选A。
【答案】12．B
13．C
14．B
15．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了路缘坡的历史、目的和重要性，以及其对人们日常出行的影响。同时文章介绍了"路缘坡效应"的原理，即当社会为弱势群体提供方便时，这种行为会传递给其他人，形成一个良性循环，最终受益的是整个社会。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps (斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance."这对坐轮椅的人来说是件大事，因为没有斜坡帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。可知，斜坡对坐轮椅的人来说是件大事。可推断，"According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb ‘might as well have been Mount Everest' for wheelchair-bound people. "的意思是：根据一位残疾人权利领袖的说法，对于坐轮椅的人来说，6英寸的路沿"就像珠穆朗玛峰一样"。"就像珠穆朗玛峰一样"，指的是6英寸的路沿是很难逾越的障碍。故选B。
13．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equality as ‘a zero-sum game (零和游戏)'. Basically, there is a deeply rooted social belief among them that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said is that ‘when society-creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.'"我第一次听说路缘坡效应是在PolicyLink首席执行官Angela Blackwell 2017年在《斯坦福社会创新评论》上发表的一篇文章中。Blackwell正确地指出，许多人将平等视为"零和游戏"。基本上，他们有一种根深蒂固的社会信念，即故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。Blackwell说，路缘坡效应揭示的是，"当社会创造了一种环境，允许那些被落在后面的人参与并充分贡献时，每个人都是赢家。"可知，大多数人相信每个人都被平等对待是不可能的。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said is that ‘when society-creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.'"Blackwell说，路缘坡效应揭示的是，"当社会创造了一种环境，允许那些被落在后面的人参与并充分贡献时，每个人都是赢家。"；以及第六段"One such example is closed captioning (字幕), originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it's easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it's convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym, second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid."其中一个例子就是隐形字幕，最初是为了帮助聋哑人在不需要听到对话或声音的情况下理解电影和电视节目。但是，我们很容易想到封闭字幕的其他应用：在嘈杂的酒吧或健身房看电视的顾客，既想听又想读的第二语言学习者，或者把它作为学习辅助工具的学生，都可以方便地使用它。可知，所谓的路缘坡效应指的是一项研究或发现，本来是想服务于某个弱势群体，但是最后帮助了更多的人。"为盲人设计的阅读设备可以帮助司机制作用于导航的数字地图。"最能说明这一效应。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段"So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us."所以，下次当你过马路的时候，或者在人行横道上滚动你的行李箱的时候，或者在人行道上骑自行车的时候，想想路缘削减了多少，这种设计上的改变打破了一个处于不利地位的群体的排斥之墙，不仅帮助了这个群体，而且帮助了我们所有人；以及全文内容可知，本文讲述了"路缘坡效应"的原理，即当社会为弱势群体提供方便时，这种行为会传递给其他人，形成一个良性循环，最终受益的是整个社会。因此，文章的主要思想是支持弱势群体往往会带来更大的社会效益。故选C。
【答案】16．F；17．C；18．B；19．E；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变化是一个长期变化，其造成的极端事件如野火和洪水等会造成人们的"气候不安"，但这都是正常的健康的情绪反应。为此，我们要承担责任，以积极的行动呼吁和感染他人来共同保护地球。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇环保类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns."气候变化是指温度和天气模式的长期变化。可知，设空处应该承接的是长期的变化有哪些。F. These shifts may be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle."这些变化可能是自然的，比如太阳活动周期的变化。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前"Climate change can cause extreme events like wildfires and floods."气候变化会导致野火和洪水等极端事件。可知气候变化造成各种极端事件，空后应该承接的是这些极端变化有什么危害。C. This risks the lives of humans, animals and plants."这将危及人类、动物和植物的生命。"其中的this指代的就是前文中的extreme event中的任意一种极端事件，与上文对应，符合语境，故选C。
18．根据空前"The news of melting glaciers and oil spills may seem overwhelming and can make you feel angry, frightened, hopeless or upset."冰川融化和石油泄漏的消息似乎势不可当，会让你感到愤怒、恐惧、绝望或不安。可知，很多由于气候变化造成的极端事件会让你感觉到愤怒、恐惧等情绪，这种情绪被称作气候焦虑。B And it is a normal, healthy response."这是正常的健康的反应。"其中的it指代的就是前文中的climate anxiety。这种气候焦虑是正常的，与空后的"It's normal to be upset when things you care about are getting hurt."当你在乎的东西受到伤害时，感到难过是很正常的。相对应，故选B。
19．根据空后"There are lots of things you can do to help adults take better care of the world."你可以做很多事情来帮助成年人更好地照顾这个世界。可知，空前应该是呼吁人们承担自己的责任，保护地球。E. No one can fix climate change on their own but we can all play a part."没有人能独自解决气候变化问题，但我们都可以发挥作用。"其中的we can all play a part呼吁人们发挥作用，与下文对应。故选E。
20．根据空前"Positive action can inspire others too."积极的行动也能激励他人。可知，本段是积极影响其他人来保护地球；以及"Sisters Kim and Stella King from the charity Fights Against Plastic have picked up 90,000 pieces of plastic. They ask schools, businesses and organizations to follow their lead."反对塑料慈善机构的金和斯特拉·金姐妹已经捡到了9万件塑料。他们要求学校、企业和组织跟随他们的领导。讲述是Sisters Kim and Stella King在保护的地球过程中所做的事情，空后应该承接的内容要与本段段旨相符，即Sisters Kim and Stella King的积极行为如何影响其他人，G. So, tell friends and family what you're up to and encourage them to join in."所以，告诉你的朋友和家人你在做什么，并鼓励他们加入。"符合语境，故选G。
【答案】21．D；22．B；23．C；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．B；28．A；29．D；30．A；31．C；32．D；33．A；34．B；35．C
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者的邻居的体贴行为让作者觉得被重视，即使被噪音打扰，却并不感到生气。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：他们没有被邀请，但这是我不介意的庆祝活动之一。A. located"位于"；B. explored"探索"；C. challenged"挑战"；D. invited"邀请"。根据下文"They are a bunch of young, single guys and I would have felt out of place."可知，作者他们没有被邀请去参加邻居举办的活动。故选D。
22．句意：给我留下深刻印象的是他们的行为方式。A. trapped"困住"；B. impressed"给……印象"；C. annoyed"使心烦"；D. embarrassed"使尴尬"。根据下文"One of the young men came over 3 in the day to ‘warn' us of the upcoming event and said it would be over at about 11 p. m. That was the first step. Even more 4 was what they did next. ‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.' That was a level of 7 I had never experienced in all my years of being a neighbor!"可知，邻居的行为给作者留下了深刻印象。故选B。
23．句意：当天早些时候，其中一名年轻男子过来"警告"我们即将举行的活动，并表示活动将于晚上11点左右结束。A. later"更晚的"；B. closer"更近的"；C. earlier"更早的"；D. further"更远的"。根据空后"in the day to ‘warn' us of the upcoming event and said it would be over at about 11 p. m."可知，邻居应该是提前跟作者说明情况。故选C。
24．句意：更令人惊奇的是他们接下来做的事情。A. shocking"令人震惊的"；B. frightening"令人害怕的"；C. puzzling"令人困惑的"；D. amazing"令人吃惊的"。根据下文"‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.'"可知，邻居的做法令作者很吃惊。故选D。
25．句意："这是我的手机号码"，我们的邻居礼貌地说。A. cell number"电话号码"；B. room number"房间号码"；C. account number"银行账号"；D. car number"车牌"。根据下文"Text me if it's too noisy."可知，邻居给了作者电话号码。故选A。
26．句意："这是我的手机号码"，我们的邻居礼貌地说。A. anxiously"紧张地"；B. politely"有礼貌地"；C. regularly"有规律地"；D. obviously"明显地"。根据下文"Text me if it's too noisy."可知，邻居是很礼貌的跟作者说他的情况。故选B。
27．句意：这是我做邻居这么多年来从未经历过的体贴！A. imagination"想象力"；B. consideration "体贴"；C. recognition"认出"；D. organization"组织"。根据上文"‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.'"可知，作者认为她的邻居很体贴，考虑很周到。故选B。
28．句意：我和丈夫非常友好，即使活动超过了承诺的结束时间，即使音乐达到了高分贝，即使我们无法接通电话号码，我们也没有感到愤怒。A. promised"承诺"；B. supplied"提供"；C. designed "设计"；D. compared"比较"。根据空前"when the event went past"可知，这里指邻居的活动超过了他们本来承诺的时间。故选A。
29．句意：我和丈夫非常友好，即使活动超过了承诺的结束时间，即使音乐达到了高分贝，即使我们无法接通电话号码，我们也没有感到愤怒。A. stress"强调"；B. anxiety"焦虑"；C. worry"担心"；D. anger"生气"。根据上文"And it really worked in their favor. My husband and I were so friendly"；以及下文"We knew they would stop and be 10 eventually."可知，作者他们并没有因为邻居发出的噪音而生气。故选D。
30．句意：我们知道他们最终会停下来并做出回应。A. responsive"有回应的"；B. adaptable"适应的"；C. continuous"持续的"；D. respectful"尊敬的"。根据空前"We knew they would stop"可知，作者认为邻居最终会结束活动并向他们解释。故选A。
31．句意：只需付出很少的努力就能让人们觉得他们很重要，并让人们站在你这边。A. figure"弄明白"；B. succeed"成功"；C. matter"重要"；D. access"接近"。根据上文"We knew they would stop and be 10 eventually."可知，作者体会到了被邻居重视的感觉。故选C。
32．句意：但很少有人能做到这一点而不打扰他人。A. interrupting"打扰"；B. inviting"邀请"；C. meeting"遇见"；D. disturbing"打扰"。根据空后"are few and far between."可知，作者认为能像他的邻居那样产生噪音却没有让人觉得被打扰的人很少。故选D。
33．句意：直到本周我才完全注意到我的邻居。A. noticed"注意到"；B. delivered"运送"；C. explored"探索"；D. proved"证明"。根据下文"But now I see them in a new light and with greater 14 . They didn't just bring noise to the neighborhood; they shone the light of 15 ."可知，作者是到这周才真正注意到邻居。故选A。
34．句意：但现在，我以一种新的眼光看待它们，并更加赞赏它们。A. surrounding"环境"；B. appreciation"欣赏，感激"；C. curiosity"好奇心"；D. distance"距离"。根据下文"They didn't just bring noise to the neighborhood; they shone the light of 15 ."可知，作者对邻居的行为是很赞赏的。故选B。
35．句意：他们并不是仅仅给社区带来噪音；他们闪耀着体贴的光芒。A. gratitude"感激"；B. apology "道歉"；C. thoughtfulness"体贴"；D. inspiration"灵感"。根据上文"‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.' That was a level of 7 I had never experienced in all my years of being a neighbor!"可知，作者认为他的邻居很体贴。故选C。
【答案】36．Canadian；37．graduating/graduation；38．to make；39．for；40．Despite；41．taught；42．a；43．are used；44．death；45．where
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩的生平事迹，包括他的成就、贡献以及对世界的影响。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，非谓语动词，名词，介词，时态，冠词，语态，定语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：亨利·诺曼·白求恩是一位伟大的加拿大医生，他有着非常有创造力的头脑和帮助别人的决心。此处形容词修饰名词doctor，作定语，故填Canadian。
37．句意：1916年从医学院毕业后，白求恩先后在英国、美国和加拿大当过医生。此处名词/动名词，作介词after的宾语。故填graduating或graduation。
38．句意：他重新发明或设计了10多种医疗器械，使它们更有用。此处作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to make。
39．句意：1938年，白求恩听说许多人在战争中丧生后，动身前往中国。leave for，固定短语，"动身前往……"。故填for。
40．句意：尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫仍尽其所能帮助中国人民。根据句意可知，空处指的是"虽然、尽管"，空后为名词，所以空处为介词，用despite；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。
41．句意：他帮助组织医院，教授医生和护士，并向人们展示如何进行急救。此处是并列谓语，根据上文的"helped to organize hospitals"和下文的"showed people how to give first aid"可知，空处时态为并列谓语，时态是一般过去时。故填taught。
42．句意：由于"移动医疗单位"概念的实现，他被尊为医学史上一个独特的人物。修饰可数名词单数，表泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。
43．句意：他开发的一些手术工具至今仍在手术中使用。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语now可知应用一般现在时；主语为"Some of the surgical tools"，复数，和动词"use"之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are used。
44．句意：白求恩去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，称白求恩是中国应该记住的英雄。此处在名词所有格后面，应用名词。故填death。
45．句意：白求恩去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，称白求恩是中国应该记住的英雄。 he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为an article，在定语从句中担当抽象的地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
46．【答案】were swept away
【知识点】动词的语态；固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：9.0级强烈地震引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车。根据句子结构和意思可知，"卷走，彻底消除"应用动词短语sweep away，此处作谓语动词，和句子主语Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars 是被动关系，应用被动语态。描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填were swept away。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态以及动词短语sweep away。
47．【答案】whom
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：被赋予任务的消防员尽了最大努力，但没有办法组织或沟通。 to the task was given是限制性定语从句，先行词firefighters在从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom。故填whom。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及"介词+whom"引导的限制性定语从句。
48．【答案】had worked
【知识点】过去完成时；固定句式
【解析】【分析】。句意：这是中国队第一次在中国境外工作，他们的勇敢和技术赢得了高度赞誉。此处是固定句式It was the first time that+过去完成时，故填had worked。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及过去完成时以及固定句式"It was the first time that+过去完成时"。
49．【答案】bridge/narrow the gap
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我只需要几句话就可以缩小我们之间的差距。表示"缩小"应用动词bridge/narrow ；表示"差距"应用名词gap；空格前面是动词不定式to，后面用动词原形。故填bridge/narrow the gap。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作定语，以及固定短语bridge/narrow the gap 。
50．【答案】have been produced
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：自1994年该国际项目开始以来，已经制作了近50万张高质量的数码照片。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语从句since the international project started in 1994可知，应用现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始并一直持续到现在的动作。主语photographs和produce之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。且主语为复数，所以谓语应用复数形式。故填have been produced。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
51．【答案】略
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以校英文报的记者李华的身份，写一篇新闻稿，报道一项活动。写作背景：上周六下午，你校组织了一个最美汉字的投票活动。得票最高的前三个汉字分别是"爱"、"梦"、"仁"。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1.活动的时间、地点等；2.活动的过程；3.活动的意义。 考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
52．【答案】 Vegetarian diets not only are healthy but also affect the environment positively. A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment. For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide.For another, meat production consumes much more water and land than crop production. However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了素食因为对健康有利越来越受到人们的青睐，但素食主义者自己没有意识到的事情是素食对环境的影响。有关科学家研究表明人们的饮食行为会对环境造成影响，首先是农民饲养的动物排放有毒的甲烷，另外，肉食生产的过程和粮食生产的过程比较起来要耗费更多的水和土壤，但是一些营养学家不建议人们成为严格的素食主义者，人的身体需要奶酪、鸡蛋等动物产品来补充必要的维生素和矿物质。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment.运用了宾语从句； For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide.运用了现在分词作状语；However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.运用了被动语态。
1 / 1福建省厦门市重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题
一、第一部分 阅读理解，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读理解
UNESCO World Heritage Sites were created to celebrate and safeguard the most unique places around the world. Below are my 4 favorite UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Cinque Terre, Italy
With cars banned here, you'll really get to feel the unique history and character of the Cinque Terre's five centuries-old coastal villages. The breathtaking views of harbors（港口）far below the wild coastline along with the rich colors will definitely make it a memorable holiday.
Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Angkor Wat is the world's largest religious（宗教的）monument and it contains impressive remains from the Khmer Empire（9th to 15th century）. The site has dozens of iconic temples like Ta Prohm（a magnificent temple ruin hidden in the jungle）. Hosting more than two million visitors annually, this artistic masterpiece is a must-see site.
Petra, Jordan
Petra's rock-cut architecture has contributed to its nickname, the Rose City, based on the color of the stone it was carved from. The delicate constructions of temples and tombs along with the remains of churches and temples are only a couple of reasons why this world-famous site is a must-visit destination.
Yellowstone National Park, USA
Yellowstone's vast wilderness includes mountain ranges, lakes and waterfalls. One of the main reasons for tourists to visit Yellowstone is to observe the amazing wildlife like grizzly bear, bison, bighorn sheep wander the plains and valleys.
For a daily moment of travel inspiration, click here to follow me.
1．Where can tourists enjoy beautiful harbor views
A．In Cinque Terre. B．In Angkor Wat.
C．In Petra. D．In Yellowstone National Park.
2．What do Angkor Wat and Petra have in common
A．Colorful stones. B．Religious relics.
C．Coastal villages. D．Amazing wildlife.
3．Where is the text probably from
A．A news report. B．A wildlife brochure.
C．A travel blog. D．A culture guidebook.
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了作者最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织世界遗产。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章Cinque Terre, Italy部分中的"The breathtaking views of harbors (港口) far below the wild coastline along with the rich colors will definitely make it a memorable holiday."在狂野的海岸线下面，海港的壮丽景色和丰富的色彩绝对会使它成为一个难忘的假日。可知，游客在意大利的五渔村可以欣赏到美丽的海港景色。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据Angkor Wat, Cambodia部分中的"Angkor Wat is the world's largest religious (宗教的) monument and it contains impressive remains from the Khmer Empire (9th to 15th century). "吴哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遗迹，它包含着高棉帝国(9世纪到15世纪)留下的令人印象深刻的遗迹；Petra, Jordan部分中的"The delicate constructions of temples and tombs along with the remains of churches and temples are only a couple of reasons why this world-famous site is a must-visit destination. "精致的庙宇和陵墓建筑以及教堂和寺庙遗迹只是这个世界著名景点成为必去景点的几个原因。可知，吴哥窟和佩特拉共同之处是都可以参观到宗教文物。故选B。
3．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Below are my 4 favorite UNESCO World Heritage Sites. "下面是我最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织世界遗产；及全文可知，文章主要介绍了作者最喜欢的4个联合国教科文组织世界遗产，从而推断文章最有可能选自一篇旅游博客。故选C。
阅读理解
When I handed my daughter a copy of King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry, she looked skeptical. She reluctantly agreed to read it with me after I told her it was one of my favorite stories when I was her age, and her skepticism quickly morphed into enthusiasm as she fell in love with the book.
Watching her connect to the story brought back a flood of memories about my first time reading the book. It was like introducing my daughter to a much younger version of myself. I highly recommend other parents share their favorite childhood books, a sweet activity with lots of benefits.
Every night, I sit on the end of my daughters'beds and read them the stories I've cherished for decades. This distraction-free time gives my kids the chance to ask questions about the book we're reading, the "olden days" when I was a kid, and whatever else is on their minds.
My 9-year-old especially adores this time together and the deeper connection she feels to her family because of it. Reading her a book that holds significant meaning for me brings us together in a whole new way.
There's nothing better than watching my kids' reactions to books I've loved my entire life. They chattered with excitement when Charlie found his golden ticket in Roald Dahl's classic and pulled the covers over their blushing faces when Almanzo asked Laura if he could walk her home in the Little House series.
In these moments, it feels like I'm reaching through time and connecting my childhood with theirs.
Every generation has books that define them. For my kids, it's mostly fantasy and realistic fiction. By reading my childhood favorites to them, my kids step outside their comfort zones and try new genres, authors, and writing styles. My 9-year-old didn't know she loved folklore until we read my favorite collection of Japanese children's stories together. My 11-year-old became obsessed with wilderness survival stories when I read Scott O'Dell's Island of the Blue Dolphins to her.
4．Which can best replace the underlined word in the first paragraph
A．changed B．translated C．built D．burnt
5．How does reading together influence the author and his daughters
A．They don t understand each other.
B．They forget their unhappiness in the past.
C．They become closer to each other.
D．They get bored with each other.
6．What are the kids'responses to the books the author loved in his childhood
A．They are excited and pleased.
B．They are bored but curious.
C．They are astonished and sad.
D．They are uninterested but grateful.
7．What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph
A．He burdens his children by reading.
B．He helps his children find their interests.
C．He fails to get his children out of fantasy.
D．He prefers to read children's books.
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．A
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者给女儿阅读自己童年喜欢的书籍，拉进了彼此的关系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"When I handed my daughter a copy of King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry, she looked skeptical. She reluctantly agreed to read it with me after I told her it was one of my favorite stories when I was her age, and her skepticism quickly morphed into enthusiasm as she fell in love with the book."当我递给女儿一本玛格丽特·亨利的《风之王》时，她露出怀疑的神情。在我告诉她这是我在她这个年纪时最喜欢的故事之一之后，她勉强同意和我一起读，当她爱上这本书时，她的怀疑很快转变到热情。可知，女儿对于跟着"我"读"我"在她那个年纪所喜爱的书先是持怀疑的态度，然后是不情愿地同意，所以当她喜欢上这本书的时候，态度应该是从怀疑转变到热情，划线词morph是"转变"的意思，故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第四段"My 9-year-old especially adores this time together and the deeper connection she feels to her family because of it. Reading her a book that holds significant meaning for me brings us together in a whole new way."我9岁的女儿特别喜欢和家人在一起的时光，也因此感受到与家人更深的联系。给她读一本对我来说意义重大的书让我们以一种全新的方式走到一起。可知，阅读让作者和女儿们的关系更近了，故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"They chattered with excitement when Charlie found his golden ticket in Roald Dahl's classic and pulled the covers over their blushing faces when Almanzo asked Laura if he could walk her home in the Little House series."当Charlie在Roald Dahl的经典作品中找到他的金奖券时，他们兴奋地叽叽喳喳；当Almanzo问劳拉是否可以在《小房子》系列中陪她走回家时，他们拉上被子，遮住了羞红的脸。可知，孩子们对作者童年时喜欢的书既兴奋又高兴。故选A。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"My 9-year-old didn't know she loved folklore until we read my favorite collection of Japanese children's stories together. My 11-year-old became obsessed with wilderness survival stories when I read Scott O'Dell's Island of the Blue Dolphins to her."直到我们一起读了我最喜欢的日本儿童故事集，我9岁的女儿才知道她喜欢民间传说。当我给我11岁的女儿读斯科特·奥戴尔的《蓝海豚岛》时，她迷上了荒野生存故事。"可推知，作者帮助孩子们找到了她们的兴趣所在，故选B。
阅读理解
When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure（确保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization（UNO）could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, "Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime." If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
8．According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time
A．By solving the cost problems.
B．By solving the transportation problems.
C．By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D．By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
9．What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence
A．Providing food is vital.
B．Learning to fish is helpful.
C．Teaching skills is essential. D Looking after others is important.
10．Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands
A．A medical team. B．An exchange program.
C．A water plant. D．Financial support.
11．What can we infer about international aid from the passage
A．It is facing difficulties.
B．It is unnecessary during normal times.
C．It should be given in the form of materials.
D．It has gained support from developed countries.
【答案】8．C
9．C
10．D
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，灾难在全球是不可避免的。国际援助雪中送炭。然而援助要落到实处，着实要有些高效的措施。灾难区要直接受惠于援助，联合国为此做出了努力。比如，建立一个正直无私心救援物质的管理团队。当然，本文作者认为高效的援助不在于物质，而是平日里技术知识的共享——打造坚强友谊，互派国际交换生！
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解 。根据第一段中的"Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes."也许联合国办事处可以在每个国家建立一个由忠诚的男女组成的机构，他们可以迅速向洪水和地震的受害者分发援助物资。可知，救援物质要快速地分配到灾区，联合国可以在各国组建一支特别团队，专门实施这项工作。故选C。
9．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime."相当于汉语谚语"授人以鱼不如授人以渔。"，强调的是"渔"（技术）；以及"For example, a country could share its technology with another."一个国家可以与另一国共享技术资源；和"…like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites."比如农业，或像医疗卫生保健甚至卫星的制造等复杂领域。等。可推断，作者想表达教授技术至关重要。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的" For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is take for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back form time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands. "例如，一个国家可以与另一个国家分享其技术。这可能是在简单的领域，如农业，或更复杂的领域，如医疗和保健，甚至在建设卫星方面。即使是小国也能帮助欠发达国家。有时，理所当然的做法，如建立净水厂或管理一所学校，可能对那些正在寻求解决共同问题的国家有用。分享这些简单的东西并不需要花费太多。交换生可以待数月或数年，并在网站上学习所需的工艺。然后，他们可以把他们的知识带回他们的祖国，如果有必要的话，他们会时不时地回来消除疑虑或更新自己。这种援助将是真正有帮助的，不可能是暂时的，也不可能落入坏人之手。可推断，财政支持可能落入坏人之手。故选D。
11．考查推理判断。 根据第一段中的"When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure（确保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended."在提供国际援助时，必须采取步骤确保援助能够到达援助的对象手中；第二段中的"More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times."比起一个国家在灾难中给予另一个国家的帮助，在正常时期给予其他形式的帮助会更有效；以及第三段中的"Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills."许多国家开设了各种技能课程。所以本文分别阐述解决国际援助尴尬的有效办法。可推断，国际援助面临困难。故选A。
阅读理解
The curb cut（路缘坡）is a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one.
Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpose in mind.
It's hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps（斜坡）to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb "might as well have been Mount Everest" for wheelchair-bound people. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help disadvantaged people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.
I think about the "curb cut effect" a lot when working on issues around health equality. The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equality as "a zero-sum game（零和游戏）". Basically, there is a deeply rooted social belief among them that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said is that "when society-creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins."
One such example is closed captioning（字幕）, originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it's easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it's convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym, second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid.
So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.
12．What does the underlined quote imply concerning a six-inch curb
A．It is an unforgettable symbol.
B．It is an impassable barrier.
C．It is an important sign.
D．It is an impressive landmark.
13．According to Angela Blackwell, what do many people believe
A．It's not worthwhile to promote health equality.
B．It's necessary to go all out to help the disabled.
C．It's impossible to have everyone treated equally.
D．It's fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others.
14．Which of the following examples best illustrates the "curb cut effect" principle
A．The four great inventions of ancient China spread to other countries in the world.
B．Reading machines for blind people help build the digital maps drivers use to navigate.
C．Your reaching out to the disadvantaged contributes to more people doing it.
D．A butterfly flapping its wings in one country leads to a Tornado in another country.
15．What is the main idea of the text
A．The curb cut is a convenient ramp designed to benefit the disabled.
B．Everyone in a society should be treated equally.
C．Supporting disadvantaged groups often ends up benefiting much larger ranges of society.
D．How disability rights activists fought for equality that changed the life of his followers.
【答案】12．B
13．C
14．B
15．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了路缘坡的历史、目的和重要性，以及其对人们日常出行的影响。同时文章介绍了"路缘坡效应"的原理，即当社会为弱势群体提供方便时，这种行为会传递给其他人，形成一个良性循环，最终受益的是整个社会。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps (斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance."这对坐轮椅的人来说是件大事，因为没有斜坡帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。可知，斜坡对坐轮椅的人来说是件大事。可推断，"According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb ‘might as well have been Mount Everest' for wheelchair-bound people. "的意思是：根据一位残疾人权利领袖的说法，对于坐轮椅的人来说，6英寸的路沿"就像珠穆朗玛峰一样"。"就像珠穆朗玛峰一样"，指的是6英寸的路沿是很难逾越的障碍。故选B。
13．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equality as ‘a zero-sum game (零和游戏)'. Basically, there is a deeply rooted social belief among them that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said is that ‘when society-creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.'"我第一次听说路缘坡效应是在PolicyLink首席执行官Angela Blackwell 2017年在《斯坦福社会创新评论》上发表的一篇文章中。Blackwell正确地指出，许多人将平等视为"零和游戏"。基本上，他们有一种根深蒂固的社会信念，即故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。Blackwell说，路缘坡效应揭示的是，"当社会创造了一种环境，允许那些被落在后面的人参与并充分贡献时，每个人都是赢家。"可知，大多数人相信每个人都被平等对待是不可能的。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"What the curb cut effect reveals though, Blackwell said is that ‘when society-creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.'"Blackwell说，路缘坡效应揭示的是，"当社会创造了一种环境，允许那些被落在后面的人参与并充分贡献时，每个人都是赢家。"；以及第六段"One such example is closed captioning (字幕), originally intended to help deaf people understand movies and TV shows without needing to hear dialogue or sounds. But it's easy to think of other applications for closed captioning: it's convenient for customers watching TV in a noisy bar or gym, second-language learners who want to read as well as listen, or students who use it as a study aid."其中一个例子就是隐形字幕，最初是为了帮助聋哑人在不需要听到对话或声音的情况下理解电影和电视节目。但是，我们很容易想到封闭字幕的其他应用：在嘈杂的酒吧或健身房看电视的顾客，既想听又想读的第二语言学习者，或者把它作为学习辅助工具的学生，都可以方便地使用它。可知，所谓的路缘坡效应指的是一项研究或发现，本来是想服务于某个弱势群体，但是最后帮助了更多的人。"为盲人设计的阅读设备可以帮助司机制作用于导航的数字地图。"最能说明这一效应。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段"So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us."所以，下次当你过马路的时候，或者在人行横道上滚动你的行李箱的时候，或者在人行道上骑自行车的时候，想想路缘削减了多少，这种设计上的改变打破了一个处于不利地位的群体的排斥之墙，不仅帮助了这个群体，而且帮助了我们所有人；以及全文内容可知，本文讲述了"路缘坡效应"的原理，即当社会为弱势群体提供方便时，这种行为会传递给其他人，形成一个良性循环，最终受益的是整个社会。因此，文章的主要思想是支持弱势群体往往会带来更大的社会效益。故选C。
二、第一部分 阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. 16． But since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. Climate change can cause extreme events like wildfires and floods. 17．
How does climate change make you feel The news of melting glaciers and oil spills may seem overwhelming and can make you feel angry, frightened, hopeless or upset. This is called climate anxiety. 18． If you feel worried about what's happening to the world, it's good for you. It's normal to be upset when things you care about are getting hurt.
19． There are lots of things you can do to help society take better care of the world. Turn your fear into power by doing something. Breaking the problem into bite-sized chunks is a good way to start. Think of something you feel passionate about, such as protecting ocean life or saving forests, and join a community group or charity that supports that cause.
Positive action can inspire others too. Sisters Kim and Stella King from the charity Fights Against Plastic have picked up 90,000 pieces of plastic. They ask schools, businesses and organizations to follow their lead. Remember, it's important to get support from people around. 20．
A. Why is there climate anxiety
B And it is a normal, healthy response.
C. This risks the lives of humans, animals and plants.
D. Melting glaciers contribute a third of sea-level rise.
F No one can fix climate change on their own but we can all play a part.
f. These shifts may be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle.
G. So, tell friends and family what you're up to and encourage them to join in.
【答案】16．F；17．C；18．B；19．E；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变化是一个长期变化，其造成的极端事件如野火和洪水等会造成人们的"气候不安"，但这都是正常的健康的情绪反应。为此，我们要承担责任，以积极的行动呼吁和感染他人来共同保护地球。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇环保类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns."气候变化是指温度和天气模式的长期变化。可知，设空处应该承接的是长期的变化有哪些。F. These shifts may be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle."这些变化可能是自然的，比如太阳活动周期的变化。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前"Climate change can cause extreme events like wildfires and floods."气候变化会导致野火和洪水等极端事件。可知气候变化造成各种极端事件，空后应该承接的是这些极端变化有什么危害。C. This risks the lives of humans, animals and plants."这将危及人类、动物和植物的生命。"其中的this指代的就是前文中的extreme event中的任意一种极端事件，与上文对应，符合语境，故选C。
18．根据空前"The news of melting glaciers and oil spills may seem overwhelming and can make you feel angry, frightened, hopeless or upset."冰川融化和石油泄漏的消息似乎势不可当，会让你感到愤怒、恐惧、绝望或不安。可知，很多由于气候变化造成的极端事件会让你感觉到愤怒、恐惧等情绪，这种情绪被称作气候焦虑。B And it is a normal, healthy response."这是正常的健康的反应。"其中的it指代的就是前文中的climate anxiety。这种气候焦虑是正常的，与空后的"It's normal to be upset when things you care about are getting hurt."当你在乎的东西受到伤害时，感到难过是很正常的。相对应，故选B。
19．根据空后"There are lots of things you can do to help adults take better care of the world."你可以做很多事情来帮助成年人更好地照顾这个世界。可知，空前应该是呼吁人们承担自己的责任，保护地球。E. No one can fix climate change on their own but we can all play a part."没有人能独自解决气候变化问题，但我们都可以发挥作用。"其中的we can all play a part呼吁人们发挥作用，与下文对应。故选E。
20．根据空前"Positive action can inspire others too."积极的行动也能激励他人。可知，本段是积极影响其他人来保护地球；以及"Sisters Kim and Stella King from the charity Fights Against Plastic have picked up 90,000 pieces of plastic. They ask schools, businesses and organizations to follow their lead."反对塑料慈善机构的金和斯特拉·金姐妹已经捡到了9万件塑料。他们要求学校、企业和组织跟随他们的领导。讲述是Sisters Kim and Stella King在保护的地球过程中所做的事情，空后应该承接的内容要与本段段旨相符，即Sisters Kim and Stella King的积极行为如何影响其他人，G. So, tell friends and family what you're up to and encourage them to join in."所以，告诉你的朋友和家人你在做什么，并鼓励他们加入。"符合语境，故选G。
三、第三部分 语言运用，第一节 完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our neighbors had a loud party last night. We weren't 21． but this was one of those celebrations that I didn't mind. They are a bunch of young, single guys and I would have felt out of place.
What 22． me was the way they behaved. One of the young men came over 23． in the day to "warn" us of the upcoming event and said it would be over at about 11 p. m. That was the first step. Even more 24． was what they did next. "Here's my 25． " offered our neighbor 26． . "Text me if it's too noisy." That was a level of 27． I had never experienced in all my years of being a neighbor!
And it really worked in their favor. My husband and I were so friendly that even when the event went past the 28． end time, even when the music reached high decibels（分贝）, and even when we couldn't get through on the phone number, we felt no 29． . We knew they would stop and be 30． eventually.
It takes such little effort to make people feel that they 31． and get people on your side. Everyone needs to let loose every now and then, especially in these uniquely tough times. But people who do it without 32． others are few and far between. I hadn't fully 33． my neighbors until this week. We had adopted that all too American "live and let live" posture. But now I see them in a new light and with greater 34． . They didn't just bring noise to the neighborhood; they shone the light of 35． .
21．A． located B． explored C． challenged D． invited
22．A． trapped B． impressed C． annoyed D． embarrassed
23．A． later B． closer C． earlier D． further
24．A． shocking B． frightening C． puzzling D． amazing
25．A． cell number B． room number
C． account number D． car number
26．A． anxiously B． politely C． regularly D． obviously
27．A． imagination B． consideration
C． recognition D． organization
28．A． promised B． supplied C． designed D． compared
29．A． stress B． anxiety C． worry D． anger
30．A． responsive B． adaptable C． continuous D． respectful
31．A． figure B． succeed C． matter D． access
32．A． interrupting B． inviting C． meeting D． disturbing
33．A． noticed B． delivered C． explored D． proved
34．A． surrounding B． appreciation C． curiosity D． distance
35．A． gratitude B． apology
C． thoughtfulness D． inspiration
【答案】21．D；22．B；23．C；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．B；28．A；29．D；30．A；31．C；32．D；33．A；34．B；35．C
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者的邻居的体贴行为让作者觉得被重视，即使被噪音打扰，却并不感到生气。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：他们没有被邀请，但这是我不介意的庆祝活动之一。A. located"位于"；B. explored"探索"；C. challenged"挑战"；D. invited"邀请"。根据下文"They are a bunch of young, single guys and I would have felt out of place."可知，作者他们没有被邀请去参加邻居举办的活动。故选D。
22．句意：给我留下深刻印象的是他们的行为方式。A. trapped"困住"；B. impressed"给……印象"；C. annoyed"使心烦"；D. embarrassed"使尴尬"。根据下文"One of the young men came over 3 in the day to ‘warn' us of the upcoming event and said it would be over at about 11 p. m. That was the first step. Even more 4 was what they did next. ‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.' That was a level of 7 I had never experienced in all my years of being a neighbor!"可知，邻居的行为给作者留下了深刻印象。故选B。
23．句意：当天早些时候，其中一名年轻男子过来"警告"我们即将举行的活动，并表示活动将于晚上11点左右结束。A. later"更晚的"；B. closer"更近的"；C. earlier"更早的"；D. further"更远的"。根据空后"in the day to ‘warn' us of the upcoming event and said it would be over at about 11 p. m."可知，邻居应该是提前跟作者说明情况。故选C。
24．句意：更令人惊奇的是他们接下来做的事情。A. shocking"令人震惊的"；B. frightening"令人害怕的"；C. puzzling"令人困惑的"；D. amazing"令人吃惊的"。根据下文"‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.'"可知，邻居的做法令作者很吃惊。故选D。
25．句意："这是我的手机号码"，我们的邻居礼貌地说。A. cell number"电话号码"；B. room number"房间号码"；C. account number"银行账号"；D. car number"车牌"。根据下文"Text me if it's too noisy."可知，邻居给了作者电话号码。故选A。
26．句意："这是我的手机号码"，我们的邻居礼貌地说。A. anxiously"紧张地"；B. politely"有礼貌地"；C. regularly"有规律地"；D. obviously"明显地"。根据下文"Text me if it's too noisy."可知，邻居是很礼貌的跟作者说他的情况。故选B。
27．句意：这是我做邻居这么多年来从未经历过的体贴！A. imagination"想象力"；B. consideration "体贴"；C. recognition"认出"；D. organization"组织"。根据上文"‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.'"可知，作者认为她的邻居很体贴，考虑很周到。故选B。
28．句意：我和丈夫非常友好，即使活动超过了承诺的结束时间，即使音乐达到了高分贝，即使我们无法接通电话号码，我们也没有感到愤怒。A. promised"承诺"；B. supplied"提供"；C. designed "设计"；D. compared"比较"。根据空前"when the event went past"可知，这里指邻居的活动超过了他们本来承诺的时间。故选A。
29．句意：我和丈夫非常友好，即使活动超过了承诺的结束时间，即使音乐达到了高分贝，即使我们无法接通电话号码，我们也没有感到愤怒。A. stress"强调"；B. anxiety"焦虑"；C. worry"担心"；D. anger"生气"。根据上文"And it really worked in their favor. My husband and I were so friendly"；以及下文"We knew they would stop and be 10 eventually."可知，作者他们并没有因为邻居发出的噪音而生气。故选D。
30．句意：我们知道他们最终会停下来并做出回应。A. responsive"有回应的"；B. adaptable"适应的"；C. continuous"持续的"；D. respectful"尊敬的"。根据空前"We knew they would stop"可知，作者认为邻居最终会结束活动并向他们解释。故选A。
31．句意：只需付出很少的努力就能让人们觉得他们很重要，并让人们站在你这边。A. figure"弄明白"；B. succeed"成功"；C. matter"重要"；D. access"接近"。根据上文"We knew they would stop and be 10 eventually."可知，作者体会到了被邻居重视的感觉。故选C。
32．句意：但很少有人能做到这一点而不打扰他人。A. interrupting"打扰"；B. inviting"邀请"；C. meeting"遇见"；D. disturbing"打扰"。根据空后"are few and far between."可知，作者认为能像他的邻居那样产生噪音却没有让人觉得被打扰的人很少。故选D。
33．句意：直到本周我才完全注意到我的邻居。A. noticed"注意到"；B. delivered"运送"；C. explored"探索"；D. proved"证明"。根据下文"But now I see them in a new light and with greater 14 . They didn't just bring noise to the neighborhood; they shone the light of 15 ."可知，作者是到这周才真正注意到邻居。故选A。
34．句意：但现在，我以一种新的眼光看待它们，并更加赞赏它们。A. surrounding"环境"；B. appreciation"欣赏，感激"；C. curiosity"好奇心"；D. distance"距离"。根据下文"They didn't just bring noise to the neighborhood; they shone the light of 15 ."可知，作者对邻居的行为是很赞赏的。故选B。
35．句意：他们并不是仅仅给社区带来噪音；他们闪耀着体贴的光芒。A. gratitude"感激"；B. apology "道歉"；C. thoughtfulness"体贴"；D. inspiration"灵感"。根据上文"‘Here's my 5 ' offered our neighbor 6 . ‘Text me if it's too noisy.' That was a level of 7 I had never experienced in all my years of being a neighbor!"可知，作者认为他的邻居很体贴。故选C。
四、第三部分 语言运用，第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Norman Bethune was a great 36． （Canada）doctor with a very creative mind and a determination to help people. As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After 37． （graduate）from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England, the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments 38． （make）them more useful. He is known best for his service during the World War I.
In 1938, Bethune left 39． China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war. 40． the difficult situation, Dr. Bethune did whatever he could -to assist the Chinese people. He helped to organize hospitals, 41． （teach）doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. He is respected as 42． unique personality in the history of medicine, owing to the materialization of the concept of "mobile medical unit". Some of the surgical tools developed by him 43． （use）in surgeries even now. Sadly, Dr. Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr. Bethune's 44． （die）, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, 45． he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
【答案】36．Canadian；37．graduating/graduation；38．to make；39．for；40．Despite；41．taught；42．a；43．are used；44．death；45．where
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩的生平事迹，包括他的成就、贡献以及对世界的影响。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，非谓语动词，名词，介词，时态，冠词，语态，定语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：亨利·诺曼·白求恩是一位伟大的加拿大医生，他有着非常有创造力的头脑和帮助别人的决心。此处形容词修饰名词doctor，作定语，故填Canadian。
37．句意：1916年从医学院毕业后，白求恩先后在英国、美国和加拿大当过医生。此处名词/动名词，作介词after的宾语。故填graduating或graduation。
38．句意：他重新发明或设计了10多种医疗器械，使它们更有用。此处作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to make。
39．句意：1938年，白求恩听说许多人在战争中丧生后，动身前往中国。leave for，固定短语，"动身前往……"。故填for。
40．句意：尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫仍尽其所能帮助中国人民。根据句意可知，空处指的是"虽然、尽管"，空后为名词，所以空处为介词，用despite；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。
41．句意：他帮助组织医院，教授医生和护士，并向人们展示如何进行急救。此处是并列谓语，根据上文的"helped to organize hospitals"和下文的"showed people how to give first aid"可知，空处时态为并列谓语，时态是一般过去时。故填taught。
42．句意：由于"移动医疗单位"概念的实现，他被尊为医学史上一个独特的人物。修饰可数名词单数，表泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。
43．句意：他开发的一些手术工具至今仍在手术中使用。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语now可知应用一般现在时；主语为"Some of the surgical tools"，复数，和动词"use"之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are used。
44．句意：白求恩去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，称白求恩是中国应该记住的英雄。此处在名词所有格后面，应用名词。故填death。
45．句意：白求恩去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，称白求恩是中国应该记住的英雄。 he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为an article，在定语从句中担当抽象的地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
五、第三部分 语言运用，第四节 完成句子根据课本内容填空：（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）
46． Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars （被卷走）by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
【答案】were swept away
【知识点】动词的语态；固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】句意：9.0级强烈地震引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、房屋和汽车。根据句子结构和意思可知，"卷走，彻底消除"应用动词短语sweep away，此处作谓语动词，和句子主语Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars 是被动关系，应用被动语态。描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填were swept away。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态以及动词短语sweep away。
47． The firefighters to the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate.
【答案】whom
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：被赋予任务的消防员尽了最大努力，但没有办法组织或沟通。 to the task was given是限制性定语从句，先行词firefighters在从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom。故填whom。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及"介词+whom"引导的限制性定语从句。
48． It was the first time that a Chinese team （work）outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill.
【答案】had worked
【知识点】过去完成时；固定句式
【解析】【分析】。句意：这是中国队第一次在中国境外工作，他们的勇敢和技术赢得了高度赞誉。此处是固定句式It was the first time that+过去完成时，故填had worked。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及过去完成时以及固定句式"It was the first time that+过去完成时"。
49．I only need a few words to （缩小差距）between us.
【答案】bridge/narrow the gap
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我只需要几句话就可以缩小我们之间的差距。表示"缩小"应用动词bridge/narrow ；表示"差距"应用名词gap；空格前面是动词不定式to，后面用动词原形。故填bridge/narrow the gap。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作定语，以及固定短语bridge/narrow the gap 。
50． Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs （produce）since the international project started in 1994.
【答案】have been produced
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：自1994年该国际项目开始以来，已经制作了近50万张高质量的数码照片。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语从句since the international project started in 1994可知，应用现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始并一直持续到现在的动作。主语photographs和produce之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。且主语为复数，所以谓语应用复数形式。故填have been produced。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
六、第四部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
51．第一节
假定你是校英文报的记者李华。上周六下午，你校组织了一个最美汉字的投票活动（poll）。得票最高的前三个汉字分别是"爱"、"梦"、"仁（benevolence）"。请你写一篇新闻稿，报道此次活动。内容包括：1.活动的时间、地点等；2.活动的过程；3.活动的意义。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Most Beautiful Chinese Characters
【答案】略
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以校英文报的记者李华的身份，写一篇新闻稿，报道一项活动。写作背景：上周六下午，你校组织了一个最美汉字的投票活动。得票最高的前三个汉字分别是"爱"、"梦"、"仁"。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1.活动的时间、地点等；2.活动的过程；3.活动的意义。 考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
52．第二节 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A vegetarian diet（素食）is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a risk of diabetes（糖尿病）than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.
Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently studied how consumer behavior affects the environment. The study showed that meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the environment, second only to the use of motor vehicle.
Then, how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment For a start, all farm animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep give off methane gas（沼气）by expelling（排出）wind from their bodies. One co w can produce up to 60 liters of methane each day. Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. Many environmental experts now believe that it is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. It is estimated that 25% of all methane released into the atmosphere comes from farm animals.
Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the use of water andland.2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef, whereas 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of wheat. One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40,000 pounds of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots, or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes.
Many people now see the benefits of switching to a vegetarian diet, not just for health reasons, but also because it plays a vital role in protecting the environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian, or vegan diet. They believe a vegan diet, which excludes（排除） all products from animal sources, such as cheese, eggs, and milk, can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need.
【答案】 Vegetarian diets not only are healthy but also affect the environment positively. A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment. For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide.For another, meat production consumes much more water and land than crop production. However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了素食因为对健康有利越来越受到人们的青睐，但素食主义者自己没有意识到的事情是素食对环境的影响。有关科学家研究表明人们的饮食行为会对环境造成影响，首先是农民饲养的动物排放有毒的甲烷，另外，肉食生产的过程和粮食生产的过程比较起来要耗费更多的水和土壤，但是一些营养学家不建议人们成为严格的素食主义者，人的身体需要奶酪、鸡蛋等动物产品来补充必要的维生素和矿物质。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： A recent study revealed that eating meat does great harm to our environment.运用了宾语从句； For one thing, all farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas, contributing more to global warming than carbon dioxide.运用了现在分词作状语；However, some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.运用了被动语态。
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