Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?语法知识点 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级上册（无答案）

人教版八年级上册语法知识点
Unit1复合不定代词、一般过去时
(一)复合不定代词
【语法示例】
I bought something for my parents , but nothingfor myself.我给我父母买了一些东西,但是什么也没给我自己买。(教材 P3 3a)
Did she do anything special there 她在那里做什么特别的事情了吗 (教材 P4 1c)
【语法概述】
复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing 构成的不定代词。复合不定代词的功能相当于名词,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,但不能作定语。常见的复合不定代词如下
some-类 any-类 no-类 every-类
-one someone某人 anyone任何人 no one没有人 everyone所有人
-body somebody某人; anybody任何人 nobody没有人 everybody每人;
-thing something某事; anything任何东西 nothing没有什么 everything每件事;
>作主语。 Someone is waiting for you.有人在等你
>作宾语 I have nothing to say.我没什么可说的。
>作表语 Her son is everything for her.对她来说,儿子就是一切。
【拓展延伸】somebody 除"某人,有人"的意思外,还有"重要人物"的意思,反义词为 nobody,意为"无名小卒,小人物"。
She thinks she's really somebody in that car. 她以为坐上那辆车,她就真成个人物了。
I was a nobody without fame or money.我是一个没名又没钱的无名小卒。
考向1复合不定代词作主语
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Everyone wants to have a long holiday.人人都想有一个长假期。
考向2复合不定代词被定语修饰
复合不定代词若被定语(形容词、不定式、else等)修饰,定语要后置
There is something important in today's newspaper.今天的报纸上有一些重要的信息。
Do you have anything to say 你有什么要说的吗 、
Ask somebody else to help you.另请个人来帮帮你吧
考向3 some-类和 any-类复合不定代词的用法区别
some-类复合不定代词常用于肯定句。
There is something wrong with my bike.我的自行车出问题了。
any-类复合不定代词常用于否定句和疑问句。any-类复合不定代词也可用于肯定句
Is there anyone at home 家表示"随便哪个......"里有人吗
The old lady couldn't see anything at all.那位老妇人什么都看不见。
在表示请求并希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中要用some-类复合不定代词。
Would you like something to drink 你想要一些喝的东西吗 (选自怀化中考第 22 题)
典例---Tom,please come here. I have _______to tell you.
---0K. I’m coming.
A. anything important B. important something C. something important
解析:"汤姆,请过来。我有重要的事情要跟你说。""好的,我这就来。"空处所在句是肯定句,且表示"某事",用 something;形容词修饰不定代词要后置。故选C
考向4使用复合不定代词时需注意的其他问题
every-类复合不定代词与 not 连用时,表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,则要用 no-类复合不定代词或是在否定句中用 any-类复合不定代词。
Not everyone knows her.不是所有人都认识她(部分否定)
Nobody knows her.没有人认识她。(全部否定)
There isn't anyone in the classroom.教室里没有人。(全部否定)
一、单项选择题
（ ）1.As the lights in the room went out, it was very dark and could be seen clearly.
A something B anything C everything D nothing
（ ）2. needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with.
A Someone B No one C None D Everyone
（ ）3.—Why do you come here —Because I have to tell you.
A anything important B important anything
C something important D important something
（ ）4.I Game of Thrones（《权利的游戏》）with my friends last month. It’s amazing.
A watch B watched C watches D have watched
（ ）5.—Jack, you look more handsome in your new shirt today.
—Oh, really I it in a cheap store with my mom.
A buy B will buy C bought D buys
（ ）6.He me his name, but I can’t remember it now.
A tells B will tell C told D is telling
（ ）7.—My feelings for you have not changed.
—But you have changed. You are not as you .
A are B were C will be D have been
（ ）8.—Where did you go vacation, Alice
—I went to Hong Kong my parents.
A on; from B with; on C on; with D in; with
（ ）9.—Bob likes reading. He spends of his free time reading books.
A few B any C little D most
（ ）10.—Did you go last summer holiday
—Yes. I went to Shanghai Disney.
A somewhere special B anywhere special
C special somewhere D special anywhere
选词填空
Something、anything、nothing、everything
everyone、anyone、someone、nobody
1.The box is empty（空的）. There’s in it.
2.He asked me not to tell about his life in Canada.
3.I’m very hungry（饥饿的）.Could you give me to eat
4.We all liked the trip. had a good time there.
5.The old woman can’t see or hear at all.
6.The young man is interested in on the farm.
7.How do you feel when notices and praises you for something
8. taught my sister how to draw. She taught herself.
(二)一般过去时
【语法示例】
1.Where did you go on vacation 你去哪里度假了 (教材 P1 标题)
2. I just stayed at home most of the time to readand relax.我大部分时间只是待在家里读书、休息。(教材 P2 2d)
3.Did everyone have a good time 所有人都玩得高兴吗 (教材 P3 Grammar Focus)
【语法概述】
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与 yesterday,last month,last year, just now,...ago 等表示过去的时间状语连用。
动词变过去式的规则考向
---规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-ed play-played offer-offered
以e结尾的动词 加-d like-liked hate -hated
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-ed cry-cried study- studied
以重读闭音节结尾 双写最后且末尾只一个辅音再加-ed plan一planned stop-stopped
【巧学妙记】规则动词过去式的构成
过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加-ed。如若词尾有个e,直接加-d就可以辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加-ed。一辅重闭作尾巴,双写之后加-ed
----不规则变化
不规则动词的过去式变化需要特殊记忆,大致可分为以下几种:
类别 例词
过去式和原形一样 cut-- cut read--read put -- put
中间元音变化 i--a swim --swam begin-began sit-sat
i--o drive-drove ride--rode write-wrote
0/a-e throw--threw draw--drew grow--grew
过去式以ought和aught 结尾 teach--taught catch-caught bring-brought
结尾的d变为t build--built spend--spent send--sent
含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写在词尾加t feel--felt keep--kept smell-smelt
考向2一般过去时的句式结构
肯定句 主语+ was/were+其他. 主语 +动词过去式+其他.
否定句 主语+ was/were+not +其他. 主语+ didn’t+动词原形 + 其他.
一般疑问句及其回答
Was/Were+主语+其他 肯定回答:Yes，主语+was/were.
否定回答:No，主语+wasn't/weren't.
Did + 主语 +动词原形+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语 + did.
否定回答:No,主语 + didn't.
肯定句:
l was in Beijing last month.我上个月在北京
l went to Shanghai last Friday. 我上周五去了上海
否定句:
I wasn't in Beijing last month.我上个月不在北京
I didn’t go to Shanghai last Friday. 我上周五没去上海。
一般疑问句及其回答:
-Were you in Beijing last month 你上个月在北京吗
一Yes, l was./ No, l wasnt.是的,我在。/不,我不在
-Did you go to Shanghai last Friday 你上周五去了上海吗
-Yes,l did/No,l didn’t.是的,我去了。/不,我没去。
单选题
1. Bobby________sad because Sam_____at (嘲笑)him。
A. was;looked B. was; laughed C. is;pointed
2. -___did you do yesterday -I___to music.
A. What; listened B.Where; listened C. Who; listened
3. -Did you ___ a good time yesterday -Yes, we_____a good time.
A. have; had B. had; have C. had; had
4. Last week, Bill's family______me to Xi'an by train.
A. take B.took C. taked
5.---Were you busy yesterday --- Yes,I_____.I went to bed very late
A. were B. was C. am
6. -What _______your brother do yesterday -He ______a model spaceship
A. do; make B. did; make C.did;made
7.In ancient days (古代),the earth______to be flat(扁平的).
A. is believed B. was believed D. believe
8. Monkey King returned(返回；回归)and he______the monster.
A. kill B.kills C.killed D. killing
9. It's 7:40 now. The film_______an hour ago.
A. starting B.started C.start D. starts
10.Five days___________,I went to Beijing.
A. next B. last C. ago
11. Last summer, I__________to the ocean.
A.go B. goes C. went
12. She________a very interesting movie last night.
A. sees B. saw C. see
13.My teacher_________me a story about the little girl last month.
A. tell B. told C. tells
14. There______a small building in my old school before.
A. was B. is C. had
15.-_____he____a cold yesterday -Yes, he did.
A. Did; had B.Did;have C.Did;has D. Does; had
16. What did your brother do_____
A. Monday B.next Monday C. last Monday
17._____you_____TV last night
A. Do; watch B. Did; watch C. Did; watched
18. What___your school___before
A. is; like B. did;like C. was; like
19. --Did you________ trees last year
A. plant B.planted C.planting D.plantted
20. I_______ a book last weekend.
A. buy B. buys C. bought