Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.语法知识点 （无答案）

人教版八年级上语法知识点
unit3语法精讲：形容词和副词的比较级
【语法示例】
1.Is Tara more outgoing than Tina 塔拉比蒂娜外向吗 (教材P19Grammar Focus)
2.Are you funnier 你更有趣了吗 (教材P19）
3.Do you study English harder 你学习英语更努力了吗 (教材P19 3b)
4. I'm quieter and more serious than most kids.我比大多数孩子文静、稳重。(教材P21 2b)
【语法概述】
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。比较级表示"更.....".用于两者之间的比较,说明"前者比后者更......"
单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er smart-smarter high--higher
以字母e结尾的词加-r fine-finer wide--wider
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er hot--hotter big-bigger
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,变"y"为"”,再加-er early-earlier happy-happier
多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加 more popular-more popular
考向1比较级的构成
【巧学妙记】
比较级有规律,一般词尾加-er;词尾若是哑音e,直接加-r 就可以;重读闭音节,末尾须双写;辅音字母后有y,变y为i加-er;双多音节有规律,词前加 more 就可以。
部分不规则形容词或副词的比较级:
[例] 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
He is always ready to help others and he thinks______(much ) of others than of himself.
解析:他总是乐于助人,并且他为别人着想多,为自己着想少。根据 than 可知此处要用比较级,故填 more。
考向2比较级的常用结构
(1)比较级 +than
A+be+形容词比较级 +than +B
A+实义动词+副词比较级 + than +B
than 前后所使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词或省略后面的动词。
Tom is taller than me.汤姆比我高。
Tom runs faster than me (do).汤姆跑得比我快。
（2）"the + 比较级 + of the two"意为"两者中比较....的"。
Lisa is the quicker of the two.莉萨是两个人中比较快的那个。
（3）"比较级 + and + 比较级"或"more and more+形容词/副词原级",表示"越来越......",其后均不可接 than。
After the new year, the day is becoming warmer and warmer.新年过后,天气变得越来越暖和。
English is becoming more and more important.英语变得越来越重要了。
（4）" The + 比较级,the+比较级"意为'越......,越....."
The more haste, the less speed.欲速则不达。
The harder she worked , the more progress she made.她工作越努力,进步越大。
"Which/Who... + 比较级,A or B " 表示"A 和B, 哪一个/谁更...... "。
Who is taller,Jim or Tom 谁更高,吉姆还是汤姆
Which book is better, this one or that one 哪本书更好,这本还是那本
（6）"A...+倍数 +比较级 +than +B"表示"A 是 B的多少倍"。
Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
（7）"比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数"="比较级 +than the other + 可数名词复数",表示" 比其他任何/所有....都....."。该句型表示在同一范围内进行比较。
China is larger than any other country/the other countries in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何/所有国家都大。
（8）比较级 + than any + 可数名词单数",意为"比任何....都”,表示不在同一范围内比较。
China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何国家都大。
[特别提醒]在使用比较级时一定要注意:
(1)比较对象必须一致。
My hair is longer than yours.我的头发比你的(头发)长 yours相当于your hair
有时为了避免重复,可用 that 或 those 代替前面提到的词,而且 that 或 those 不能省略。
The weather in Hainan is warmer than that in , far, aBeijing海南的天气比北京的(天气)暖和。
[例]--How hard you are working, Helen!
--We must! President Xi said that______we are, ______we will be.
the more hard-working; the luckier B. the hard-working; the lucky
C. more hard-working; luckier D. the most hard-working; the luckiest
解析:"海伦,你现在学习多努力啊!""我们必须(努力学习)!习主席说我们越努力,我们就会越幸运。""the + 比较级,the + 比较级"意为"越.......还是汤姆 哪本书!越.....",故选A。
考向3可修饰比较级的词
当表示一方超过另一方的"程度"时,可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用 very,so,too 等修饰。
He is much more serious than his brother.他比他弟弟更稳重。
This book is even more useful than that one.这本书甚至比那本书更有用。
Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow moming 明天早上你能早点来学校吗
[巧学妙记]
可修饰比较级的词两多(much, a lot)两少(a little, a bit)一甚至(even),还有一个远(far)
例(长沙中考 )--Do the twins look the same
--No, Jane is taller than Claire
A. litle B. more C. a little
解析:"这对双胞胎看起来一样吗 """不,简比克菜尔更高一点。"修饰比较级的词有 much,,a lot far, a litile, a bit, even 等,故选C。
关于形容词和副词原级
所修饰对象不同，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词或完整的句子。
例如：The good boy likes helping others.（good为形容词，修饰名词boy）
Our school is very beautiful.（very是副词，修饰形容词beautiful）
The boy runs so fast that no one can catch up with him. （fast作为副词修饰动词run）
Luckily, the rain stopped when we got there. （luckily作为副词修饰句子）
课堂小测
一．单项选择
1.Bob is ______ at singing and he sings very _________.
A.good , good B.good , well C. well , good D.well , well
2.The food there was very expensive . ________ ,we took enough money with us.
A. Luck B.Lucky C.Luckily D.unlucky
3.Be ______ of the big dog , they are dangerous.
A.careful B.more careful C.carefully D.more carefully.
4.The girl is careless , she can’t do her homework _________.
A.careful B.more careful C.carefully D.more carefully.
5.The food in this restaurant taste _______ and there are always many customers there.
A.better B. good C.well D.the best
6.Although he lives _______ in the countryside , he doesn’t feel ________.
A.lonely , lonely B. alone , lonely C. alone , alone D.lonely , alone
7.He was _______ when he heard the _______ news last night.
A.exciting , exciting B.excited , excited C.exciting , excited D.excited , exciting
8.The boy opened the door _______ because he didn’t want to wake up his father.
A.quiet B.quieter C.quietly D.more quietly
参考答案：
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.C
解题思路及分析：
1. 第一题，第一个空考察短语：be good at...表示擅长；第二个空sing very well。因为sing（唱歌），是动词，用副词well修饰。
2. 第二题，根据题意，前面讲到那儿的食物非常昂贵，后面又说我们带够了钱，所以应该是表示“幸运地”，we took enough money with us.是一个完整的句子，应该用副词luckily修饰，选择答案C。
3. 第三题，考察短语：be careful of... 表示“小心...”。题干的意思为“小心大狗，它们非常危险，选择答案A。
4. 第四题，根据前面的题意“the girl is careless”女孩很粗心，所以她不能够仔细地做作业。Do her homework是一个动词短语，应用副词carefully修饰。
5. 第五题，关键词taste尝起来，为感官动词，后接形容词，选择答案B。
6. 第六题考察alone和lonely两个词的区别：alone是指因为人少而孤独，lonely是指内心孤独，从题干的意思可以看出他住在乡下是因为一个人居住，所以用alone，然后面的feel（感觉）提醒我们是指内心孤独，选择答案B。
7. 第七题，考察excited和excited的区别：excited是指“人因为...而兴奋”exciting用于修饰物，选择答案D。
8. 第八题，open the door打开门，这是一个动词短语，用副词quietly修饰，选择答案C。
课后作业
一、 变化规则:
1、 规则变化（1-单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加_____ 如old _____;以e结尾的加_____如large_____; 以__________加y结尾的________________如easy_________; 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er如 big_______. （2-多音节词前加_______, 2、 不规则变化(写出比较级和最高级)：
good/ well ___________ _____________
bad, badly, ill; __________ __________
much, many; ____________ ____________
little; ___________ ___________
far _____________ _____________
old ____________ _____________
二、 巩固练习：
（一） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级long_____ wide ______ fat _______ heavy________ slow ______ brightly__________quickly __________ happy_________ unhappy_________
(二)用所给词的正确形式填空：
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the ________ (clever).
2. Gold(黄金) is _______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
3.Lisa is two years _________ (old ) than I.
4. John’s parents have two daughters, and she is the ___________ (young) child.
5. The white bag is much ___________________ (expensive) than the green one.
6. The boy is not so _________ (clever) as his brother.
7. Dick sings ________ (good), but Gina sings _________ (well) than him.
8. She is much __________ (happy) in her new house.
三、选择填空：
1． He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired
2. Which do you like _____, coffee or milk
A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst
4. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer
7. She looks _____ than before.
A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older
8. This kind of coffee is different ______.
A. than the other B. from the other C.to the other D.in the other
9. Miss Chen is ________than Mr.Zhang.
A popularer B the more popular C popular D more popular
10. The basketball is ________ than the tennis.
A big B biger C bigger D the bigger
11. This dress is _______ than my dress.
A beautiful B beautifuler C beautifuller D more beautiful
12. Bob never does his homework ____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so good B. as good as C. well as D. as well as
13. Larry gets better ______ math now.
A. in B. of C. at D. with
14. She always gets good___, because she works ___.
A. grade; hard B. grade; hardly C. grades; hard D. grades; hardly
15. They gave me ______ information of the girl.
A. many B. much C. quite a few D. few