培英高级中学2023-2024学年度第一学期期中考试
高二英语
考试总分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
一、听力理解(共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分)
略。
二、单选题(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1. I am sorry but I had no alternative but ________ my promise due to the unexpected heavy rain.
A. to break B. break C. breaking D. broke
2. ________ on the only steam engines still ________ in the southern United States is a special treat.
A. Riding, worked B. Ride, worked C. Riding, working D. Ride, working
3. ________ the flight to Beijing will be delayed is ________ I’m especially worried about.
A. If, what B. Whether, that C. If, that D. Whether, what
4. It is no use ________ with him, ________ all of us are in favour of.
A. to talk which B. talking, which C. to talk, who D. talking, who
5. The little bird was do lucky that it just missed ________.
A. being caught B. caught C. having been caught D. to be caught
6. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—With so much work ________ my mind, I’ll almost ________.
A. filling, break out B. filling, break down
C. filled break out D. filled, break down
7. At last, the woman stopped crying. ________ she calmed down slowly.
A. In one word B. In word C. In other words D. In her own word
8. The manager’s reaction ________ the issue is contrary to our expectations.
A. with B. in C. on D. to
9. ________ with the housework, Jack forgot to prepare dinner. At the same time the kid was occupied ________ with toys in the bedroom.
A. Occupying, playing B. Occupying, played
C. Occupied, playing D. Occupied, played
10. ________ really worried Marry ________ her hair was turning grey so quickly.
A. It,that B. What,that C. It,whether D. What, whether
三、阅读理解(共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)
A
As a newly-added Olympic sport, surfing is attracting more attention than ever before. Here is a selection of the top surfing destinations across America.
Delaware
Coastal Delaware offers plenty of fun waves along the shore of several cute towns. Due to the waves crashing close to the shore, Dewey beach is also a global skim boarding hotspot and happens to be the east coast capital for the sport. If you’re planning a visit, check out the popular “Summer Vibes” festival for some beach fun.
Atlantic City, New Jersey
When world-famous surfer and Olympic Gold medalist Duke Kahanamoku, often referred to as “the father of surfing,” visited the mainland United States in the early 1900s, he rode his longboard off the coast of Atlantic City. The beaches here are wide and beautiful—and locals catch waves year-round.
The Rockaways, New York
Located a short distance from Manhattan, the Rockaways attracts new and experienced surfers from across the globe. Be sure to come prepared in winter with a wet suit, while summer brings much warmer water temperatures. Afterwards, explore the town as there’s plenty of cafes, boutiques, and restaurants steps from the sand.
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Situated about 45 minutes from Orlando, Cocoa Beach is a renowned surf town that’s home to two of the world’s best surfers (Caroline Marks and Kelly Slater) and a favorite for surfers of all levels. This family-friendly town has lots of activities for everyone. When you’re not in the water, you can stroll the Historic Cocoa Village and its shops, cafes, and galleries.
11. What is the most suitable time for surfers to enjoy beach fun in Delaware
A January. B. August. C. October. D. December.
12. What are you advised to do in the Rockaways
A. Surf with Olympic Gold medalists.
B. Check out the surfing festival for fun.
C. Explore the ancient town on the beach.
D. Get prepared for the cold water in winter.
13. Which destination best suits a household
A. Cocoa Beach. B. The Rockaways. C. Atlantic City. D. Delaware.
B
Bob Cheek grew up on his parents’ farm in northern Tasmania and became a professional Australian rules football player. While many of his footballing peers went into running pubs, he was more interested in fitness, and invested in gyms “with varying degrees of success”.
He borrowed money to put into opening his first 24-hour gym in Hobart, Tasmania’s capital. “It was a risk. If it hadn’t worked out, I probably would have lost my house and everything else.” It was a struggle at first, he says, to get the local government officials to agree to it. “Twenty-four-hour gyms were unknown. They thought they were going to be the headquarters for drug distribution and murders. They couldn’t believe that people were going to go in at night and there would be no supervision (监管).”
The first opened in March 2009. It was far cheaper than most gyms and appealed to a wider range of people, including those who worked shifts and wanted to exercise at less common times. 700 people joined before it even opened. He built more in Tasmania, usually taking over old video rental shops, which had gone out of business.
Cheek ended up owning 37 gyms across Australia, with plans to move into south-east Asia. Most of the members were under 40, and he says “it kept me young, too, being involved with all these younger people coming in. Gyms are the new meeting places for young people. In my day, everyone went to the pub; now they go to the gym. It was great seeing all these young people getting fit and having a good time, and older people as well.”
“It gave me a new lease of life,” he says. “My life has got better as it’s gone on: My 60s were one of the best decades of my life, and I think my 70s are even better. I know health can have a big say in that, but for me it was like a magic carpet ride, flying into my 60s. I didn’t even feel it—I felt like I was 35 again—and that’s about having a sense of purpose, building something and helping people. I worked really hard, but I loved it.”
14. What was the barrier to Cheek’s opening of his first 24-hour gym
A. Lacking fund. B. Getting government approval.
C. Making profits. D. Addressing security issues.
15. How did Cheek keep his running cost down
A. He employed part-time workers. B. He had fewer employees.
C. He made use of closed shops. D. He charged membership fees.
16. What makes younger people go to the gym nowadays
A. The desire to meet older people. B. The closure of pubs.
C. The curiosity about novelty. D. The shift in their way of life.
17. What does running gyms bring Cheek
A. A great wealth. B. A meaningful life.
C. A virtual world. D. A heavy burden.
C
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(厨房洗涤盆) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer for three minutes, remove from heat, let stand for five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.
18. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to________.
A. keep ourselves busy B. get absent-minded
C. grow anxious D. stay focused
19. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait
A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control.
B. The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.
D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.
20. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting
A. Take it seriously. B. Don’t rely on others.
C. Do something else. D. Don’t lose heart.
21. The author supports his view by ________.
A. exploring various causes of “waits”
B. describing detailed processes of “waits”
C analysing different categories of “waits”
D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
D
Artificial intelligence (AI) still can’t see the future, but a new algorithm (算法) may come close: using nothing but written movie summaries, the AI can consistently tell which films will play well—or awfully—to critics and audiences. If the model can be further improved, it could one day help producers predict whether a movie will be a failure at the box office, before it’s even made.
To test several models, researchers used plot summaries of 42,306 movies from all over the world, many collected from Wikipedia. The models broke the summaries by sentence and used something called sentiment (情感) analysis to analyze each one. Sentences considered “positive”, such as “Thor loves his hammer”, would receive a rating closer to positive one. And sentences that were considered “negative”, like “Thor gets in a fight” would be rated closer to negative one.
Generally, successful movies such as 1951’s Alice in Wonderland—which scored 80% on the movie-rating website Rotten Tomatoes—have frequent waves in sentiment; unsuccessful ones, such as 2009’s The Limits of Control, vary less. It’s not important whether the films begin or end happily, the researchers say. What’s important is that the sentiments change frequently.
The sentiment ratings in each summary were then simplified into a single score to reflect how often the sentiment changed. The researchers tested three different methods of arriving at a final score. All three could predict fairly accurately whether a movie would be unpopular, and one method worked especially well for guessing which thrillers and comedies reviewers would hate.
The methods were not as efficient at guessing which movies would succeed, but they still predicted the results more accurately than random chance. In the future, the researchers say their methods could be bettered to predict the amount a movie could earn at the box office and help producers decide which movies to invest in. The system’s fair judgment might give an advantage to less well-known writers, the researchers add. It could also potentially save the public from having to sit through films like Jaws: The Revenge, which online critics and audience alike rate as terrible.
22. How can AI help foresee the future of movies
A. By testing plot models. B. By using sentiment analysis.
C. By writing summaries. D. By consulting critics and audiences.
23. What is the key factor for a successful movie according to the researchers
A. A happy ending. B. Famous movie stars.
C. A well-known producer. D. Frequent sentiment changes.
24. What benefit will the methods possibly bring
A. Helping producers invest wisely. B. Assessing a movie’s quality accurately.
C. Increasing box office earnings. D. Providing written summaries for critics.
25. What’s the researchers’ attitude to the model
A. Doubtful. B. Cautious.
C. Optimistic. D. Ambiguous.
四、完形填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
One of my favorite family photographs was taken last year at Disneyland. We were at the ____26____ of a ride called “Splash Mountain” and the picture was taken just as we were starting to ____27____ down. Disneyland cleverly designed an automatic camera, ____28____ at the most frightening part of the ride to take photos of the riders. These ____29____ pictures are then displayed at the exit of Splash Mountain and are available to ____30____. They are not expensive.
I love this photograph because it’s so real. Usually, when you are going to take pictures, you tidy your hair and ____31____ a pretty smile, wanting to look best. This picture is natural, showing a perfect mixture of ____32____ and terror on our faces. My husband’s mouth is open in a scream as he hangs on to me. My son is ____33____ his baseball cap backwards so it won’t fly off.
Every time I look at that photograph, I feel ____34____. Through this picture, I sense that life should be an adventure and that we should have courage and enjoy new _____35_____ all the time. However, most of the time we draw back _____36_____ fear. Fear is a kind of sick feeling that can _____37_____ us from experiencing new interesting things in life. In fact, just as Franklin D. Roosevelt _____38_____ it, the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
So, when you feel like you’re at the top of a roller coaster with a huge, alarming drop, don’t retreat(撤退). That is the time to _____39_____. That’s the time to put a big smile on your face, scream if you need to, hug those you _____40_____ and move forward towards the new adventures ahead.
26. A. end B. top C. bottom D. back
27. A. turn B. cut C. break D. rush
28. A. placed B. organized C. displayed D. established
29. A. ugly B. surprising C. rewarding D. funny
30. A. see B. enjoy C. buy D. charge
31. A. set down B. make up C. take out D. put on
32. A. joy B. worry C. doubt D. pride
33. A. showing B. dressing C. wearing D. swinging
34. A. curious B. excited C. nervous D. upset
35. A. decisions B. experiences C. impressions D. thoughts
36. A. because of B. instead of C. in place of D. in honor of
37. A. protect B. defend C. prevent D. guard
38. A. wrote B. put C. found D. pointed
39. A. expect B. prepare C. advance D. wander
40. A. admire B. notice C. advance D. love
五、七选五(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)
Improving your lifestyle can seem like an unachievable goal. Changing everything about your life all at once is probably not realistic, but there are lots of small changes you can make to enjoy your life more. ____41____. Before you know it, you’ll have the lifestyle you’ve always wanted!
Eat healthy. You may be flooded by all of the appealing diets, but eating healthy is really not all that complicated Try a variety of fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. Avoid salty foods, added sugar, and fatty foods as much as possible. ____42____. Fruits and vegetables are thought to increase feelings of positivity, while fats and sugars are linked to feelings of depression.
Exercise. ____43____. Try to include at least 150 minutes of walking or 75 minutes of running or dancing into your weekly schedule. In addition to improving your physical health, regular exercise can also decrease symptoms of depression. Staying active is much easier if you find an activity that you enjoy. Try several new sports or exercise classes until you find something you really want to do. Having an exercise friend can also help keep you on track.
____44____. If you are overweight, there are a few really easy things you can do to lose a few pounds, which can add up to major health benefits. Try keeping healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables in your house for those times when you get the urge to eat between meals. You should also try to be aware of your motivations for eating. ____45____ like going for a walk.
A. Take simple steps to lose weight
B. Stick to a healthy diet for losing weight
C. Start small by making one or two changes at a time
D. Your diet can also have an effect on your mental health
E. Regular exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyle
F. If you eat because you’re sad, try finding other ways of handling the feeling
G. Although eating out with your friends costs you much, it is completely for exercise
六、语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Time waits for no man”—or so the saying goes. We can’t stop time and we can’t control ______46______, although sometimes, in our minds, we think time flies. But if this year ______47______ particular feels like it’s passing more quickly than others have done, there could be a scientific ______48______ (explain).
Of course, we know a year is usually 365 days long. Clever scientists calculated this a long time ago. They also worked out that every four years, we need an extra day ______49______ (call) a leap year to keep our calendar in sync (同步). But 2021 isn’t one of those years, and yet it’s not behaving like ______50______ normal year. Scientists have done the math and discovered the Earth is moving faster than it ever has in the last 50 years, ______51______ means that 2021 is going to be the shortest year in decades.
Apparently, this is ______52______ the Earth is spinning faster, quicker than it has done in decades, and the days are therefore shorter. But they are only short by a tiny amount—around 0.05 milliseconds—so don’t panic if you haven’t noticed! However, long-term these milliseconds add up. Graham Jones from Time and Date told The Independent newspaper: “If the Earth’s rotation continues to ______53______ (quick), we may at some point require a negative leap second. If this happens, our clocks would skip a second ______54______ (keep) up with the hurrying Earth.” Since 1972, 27 leap seconds _______55_______ (add) to our time.
七、根据首字母和所给的中文提示填写正确的单词或短语，请将完整的单词或短语写在答题卡上(每空1分，共15分)
56 I burst into e________(发怒)when he didn’t explain the reason for his absence.(根据中英文提示填空)
57. I am strongly c________(相信) that hard work is the key to success. (根据中英文提示填空)
58. Just like spoken language, body language v________(变化) from culture to culture. (根据中英文提示填空)
59. I wake up to the sound of the wind b___________(连续猛击) the cloth of my tent. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
60. The museum is closed while e________(必要的，极其重要的) repairs are being carried out. (根据中英文提示填空)
61. My arms were aching so I shifted position s________(稍微地，略微地). (根据中英文提示填空)
62. Confucius is one of the greatest thinkers and e________(教育家) in the world. (根据中英文提示填空)
63. In other countries, _________________ _________________(相反), eye contact is not always approved of. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
64. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, ________ whom he has ________ his life.(献身于，致力于)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
65. At the top pf the mountain stands an ancient temple, ________ ________ (吸引) countless tourists each year. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
66. You must believe in your ability to accomplish anything you ________ ________ (开始，着手) to do. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
八、课文填空：请根据每空的首先字母提示和课文内容填空，请将完整的单词写在答题卡上(每空1词，每词1分，满分10分)注意：和原文不一致的答案不给分
根据首字母提示和课文内容填空
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually a___67___ a higher yield than c___68___ crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great d___69___. The common a___70___ then was that it could not be done. Through i___71___ effort, Yuan o___72___ enormous technical d___73___ to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for f___74___ in 1974. This hybrid e___75___ farmers to e____76____ their output greatly.
九、书面表达(满分20分，其中卷面书写：5分，内容表达：15分)
77. 假定你是李华，你校的外教老师Mr. Smith打算让8岁的女儿学习一样中国传统艺术作为兴趣，他写邮件征求你的意见。请你根据下列要点给他回一封邮件。
要点包括：1. 你的推荐和原因；2. 简述学习建议；3.表达祝福和希望。
注意：1. 写作词：100左右；
2. 内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua培英高级中学2023-2024学年度第一学期期中考试
高二英语
考试总分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
一、听力理解(共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分)
略。
二、单选题(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1. I am sorry but I had no alternative but ________ my promise due to the unexpected heavy rain.
A. to break B. break C. breaking D. broke
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：很抱歉，由于意外的大雨，我别无选择，只能违背我的诺言。固定短语have no alternative but to do sth.“别无选择只能做某事”。故选 A。
2. ________ on the only steam engines still ________ in the southern United States is a special treat.
A. Riding, worked B. Ride, worked C. Riding, working D. Ride, working
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：乘坐美国南部唯一仍在运行的蒸汽机是一种特殊的享受。分析句子可知，第一个空作主语，应用动名词；第二个空修饰名词engines，且与work在逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故选C项。
3. ________ the flight to Beijing will be delayed is ________ I’m especially worried about.
A. If, what B. Whether, that C. If, that D. Whether, what
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：去北京的航班是否会延误是我特别担心的。第一个空位主语从句连接词，表示“是否”，连接词为whether。第二个空为表语从句，about缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指代“担心的事情”。故选D项。
4. It is no use ________ with him, ________ all of us are in favour of.
A. to talk, which B. talking, which C. to talk, who D. talking, who
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：和他谈没有用，我们所有人都支持这一点。It is no use doing sth.做某事没有用，固定句型，所以第一空用talking；这一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which 引导。故选 B。
5. The little bird was do lucky that it just missed ________.
A. being caught B. caught C. having been caught D. to be caught
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这只小鸟真幸运，刚好没有被捉住。miss doing sth“错过做某事”，主语The little bird与catch之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动语态。故选 A。
6. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—With so much work ________ my mind, I’ll almost ________.
A. filling, break out B. filling, break down
C. filled, break out D. filled, break down
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词和动词短语辨析。句意：——来吧，请给我一些关于这个项目的想法。——我脑子里塞满了这么多工作，我几乎要崩溃了。第一个空为非谓语动词，work与fill为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。break down崩溃，break out爆发。因为脑子里塞满了这么多工作，所以我几乎要崩溃了。故选B项。
7. At last, the woman stopped crying. ________ she calmed down slowly.
A. In one word B. In word C. In other words D. In her own word
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：最后，女人停止了哭泣。换句话说，她慢慢地平静下来。A. In one word总之；B. In word在口头上；C. In other words话句话说；D. In her own word以她自己的话。根据句意可知，此处是换句话说，她慢慢地平静下来。故选C项。
8. The manager’s reaction ________ the issue is contrary to our expectations.
A. with B. in C. on D. to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：经理对这个问题的反应与我们的预期相反。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用固定短语reaction to“对……做出反应”，to是介词。故选D项。
9. ________ with the housework, Jack forgot to prepare dinner. At the same time the kid was occupied ________ with toys in the bedroom.
A. Occupying, playing B. Occupying, played
C. Occupied, playing D. Occupied, played
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰克忙于做家务，忘记准备晚餐了。与此同时，孩子在卧室里玩玩具玩得不亦乐乎。be occupied with sth.忙于某事，固定短语，在句中作状语，所以第一空用 Occupied；be occupied doing sth.忙于做某事，固定短语，所以第二空用playing。故选 C。
10. ________ really worried Marry ________ her hair was turning grey so quickly.
A. It,that B. What,that C. It,whether D. What, whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查it作形式主语和主语从句。句意：玛丽的头发这么快就变白了，这真使她担心。根据所给句子可知，此处使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句句意和句子结构完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选A项。
三、阅读理解(共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)
A
As a newly-added Olympic sport, surfing is attracting more attention than ever before. Here is a selection of the top surfing destinations across America.
Delaware
Coastal Delaware offers plenty of fun waves along the shore of several cute towns. Due to the waves crashing close to the shore, Dewey beach is also a global skim boarding hotspot and happens to be the east coast capital for the sport. If you’re planning a visit, check out the popular “Summer Vibes” festival for some beach fun.
Atlantic City, New Jersey
When world-famous surfer and Olympic Gold medalist Duke Kahanamoku, often referred to as “the father of surfing,” visited the mainland United States in the early 1900s, he rode his longboard off the coast of Atlantic City. The beaches here are wide and beautiful—and locals catch waves year-round.
The Rockaways, New York
Located a short distance from Manhattan, the Rockaways attracts new and experienced surfers from across the globe. Be sure to come prepared in winter with a wet suit, while summer brings much warmer water temperatures. Afterwards, explore the town as there’s plenty of cafes, boutiques, and restaurants steps from the sand.
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Situated about 45 minutes from Orlando, Cocoa Beach is a renowned surf town that’s home to two of the world’s best surfers (Caroline Marks and Kelly Slater) and a favorite for surfers of all levels. This family-friendly town has lots of activities for everyone. When you’re not in the water, you can stroll the Historic Cocoa Village and its shops, cafes, and galleries.
11. What is the most suitable time for surfers to enjoy beach fun in Delaware
A. January. B. August. C. October. D. December.
12. What are you advised to do in the Rockaways
A. Surf with Olympic Gold medalists.
B. Check out the surfing festival for fun.
C. Explore the ancient town on the beach.
D. Get prepared for the cold water in winter.
13. Which destination best suits a household
A. Cocoa Beach. B. The Rockaways. C. Atlantic City. D. Delaware.
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个美国顶级的冲浪地点。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Delaware”部分关键句“If you’re planning a visit, check out the popular “Summer Vibes” festival for some beach fun.”（如果你打算去旅游，可以去看看流行的“夏日氛围”节，享受一下海滩上的乐趣。）可知，在特拉华州的“夏日氛围”节，你可以享受海滩上的乐趣，根据节日名字可知，这是夏季举办的节日，结合选项可知，“August”（八月）属于夏季，由此可知，在特拉华州，冲浪者最适合在八月享受海滩乐趣。故选B项。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Rockaways, New York”部分关键句“Be sure to come prepared in winter with a wet suit, while summer brings much warmer water temperatures.”（冬天一定要有备而来，带着防寒衣，而夏天的水温要高得多。）可知，如果你冬天到洛威克冲浪，因为水温较冷，要带着防寒衣，由此可知，在洛威克你被建议为冬天的冷水做好准备，带着防寒衣。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Cocoa Beach, Florida”部分关键句“This family-friendly town has lots of activities for everyone.”（这个适合家庭的小镇有很多适合每个人的活动。）可知，可可海滩是个适合全家人一起旅行的地方，有很多适合每个人的活动，由此可知，可可海滩最适合一家人去旅行。故选A项。
B
Bob Cheek grew up on his parents’ farm in northern Tasmania and became a professional Australian rules football player. While many of his footballing peers went into running pubs, he was more interested in fitness, and invested in gyms “with varying degrees of success”.
He borrowed money to put into opening his first 24-hour gym in Hobart, Tasmania’s capital. “It was a risk. If it hadn’t worked out, I probably would have lost my house and everything else.” It was a struggle at first, he says, to get the local government officials to agree to it. “Twenty-four-hour gyms were unknown. They thought they were going to be the headquarters for drug distribution and murders. They couldn’t believe that people were going to go in at night and there would be no supervision (监管).”
The first opened in March 2009. It was far cheaper than most gyms and appealed to a wider range of people, including those who worked shifts and wanted to exercise at less common times. 700 people joined before it even opened. He built more in Tasmania, usually taking over old video rental shops, which had gone out of business.
Cheek ended up owning 37 gyms across Australia, with plans to move into south-east Asia. Most of the members were under 40, and he says “it kept me young, too, being involved with all these younger people coming in. Gyms are the new meeting places for young people. In my day, everyone went to the pub; now they go to the gym. It was great seeing all these young people getting fit and having a good time, and older people as well.”
“It gave me a new lease of life,” he says. “My life has got better as it’s gone on: My 60s were one of the best decades of my life, and I think my 70s are even better. I know health can have a big say in that, but for me it was like a magic carpet ride, flying into my 60s. I didn’t even feel it—I felt like I was 35 again—and that’s about having a sense of purpose, building something and helping people. I worked really hard, but I loved it.”
14. What was the barrier to Cheek’s opening of his first 24-hour gym
A. Lacking fund. B. Getting government approval.
C. Making profits. D. Addressing security issues.
15. How did Cheek keep his running cost down
A. He employed part-time workers. B. He had fewer employees.
C. He made use of closed shops. D. He charged membership fees.
16. What makes younger people go to the gym nowadays
A. The desire to meet older people. B. The closure of pubs.
C. The curiosity about novelty. D. The shift in their way of life.
17. What does running gyms bring Cheek
A. A great wealth. B. A meaningful life.
C. A virtual world. D. A heavy burden.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. D 17. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位澳大利亚运动员开办24小时健身馆的经历。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It was a struggle at first, he says, to get the local government officials to agree to it. “Twenty-four-hour gyms were unknown. They thought they were going to be the headquarters for drug distribution and murders. They couldn’t believe that people were going to go in at night and there would be no supervision (监管).”(他说，起初很难让当地政府官员同意。“24小时健身房是未知的。他们认为他们将成为毒品分布和谋杀的场地。他们不能相信有人要在晚上进去，而且没有监管”)”可知要开24小时健身馆起步艰难是因为很难让政府官员同意，因为他们认为里面可能会出现毒品和谋杀而且不相信晚上会有人去锻炼，所以政府可能不会批准，故开24小时健身馆最大的障碍是获得政府的批准；故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。跟根据文章第三段“It was far cheaper than most gyms and appealed to a wider range of people, including those who worked shifts and wanted to exercise at less common times. 700 people joined before it even opened. He built more in Tasmania, usually taking over old video rental shops, which had gone out of business.(它比大多数健身房便宜得多，而且吸引了更广泛的人群，包括那些轮班工作的人，他们希望在不那么平常的时间锻炼。还没开张就有700人加入了。他在Tasmania建立更多的健身馆，通常是接管那些已经倒闭的老录像出租店)”可知他的健身馆比大多数的健身馆要便宜的多，因为他通常是接管哪些倒闭的的店铺，这样成本肯定比重新租赁新场所要低，故他利用倒闭的店铺来降低运营成本；故选C项。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Gyms are the new meeting places for young people. In my day, everyone went to the pub; now they go to the gym. It was great seeing all these young people getting fit and having a good time, and older people as well.(健身房是年轻人新的聚会场所。在我的那个年代，每个人都去酒吧；现在他们去健身房。很高兴看到所有这些年轻人变得健康并享受美好时光，还有老年人)”可知，在Cheek那个年代，年轻人去酒吧，但是现在，他们去健身房，由此可知这是每个时代的生活方式的不同，导致年轻人的喜好发生改变，即如今年轻人热爱健身运动是因为他们的生活方式发生了转变；故选D项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It gave me a new lease of life,” he says. “My life has got better as it’s gone on: My 60s were one of the best decades of my life, and I think my 70s are even better. I know health can have a big say in that, but for me it was like a magic carpet ride, flying into my 60s. I didn’t even feel it—I felt like I was 35 again—and that’s about having a sense of purpose, building something and helping people. I worked really hard, but I loved it.”(“它让我重获新生，”他说。“随着时间的推移，我的生活变得越来越好:我的60岁是我生命中最美好的十年之一，我认为我的70岁甚至更好。我知道健康在这方面有很大的发言权，但对我来说，这就像是骑魔毯一样，飞向我的60岁。我甚至没有这种感觉——我感觉自己又回到了35岁——这就是有目标感，建立某种东西和帮助别人。我工作很努力，但我很喜欢。”)”可知开健身馆让Cheek重获新生一般，让他感觉生活变得越来越好，因为他有了建立某种东西来帮助别人的目标感，他很喜欢并且工作很努力，因为他觉得这些都是很有意义的，故推知开健身馆给Cheek带来一个有意义的人生；故选B项。
C
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(厨房洗涤盆) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer for three minutes, remove from heat, let stand for five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.
18. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to________.
A. keep ourselves busy B. get absent-minded
C. grow anxious D. stay focused
19. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait
A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control.
B. The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.
D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.
20. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting
A. Take it seriously. B. Don’t rely on others.
C. Do something else. D. Don’t lose heart.
21. The author supports his view by ________.
A. exploring various causes of “waits”
B. describing detailed processes of “waits”
C. analysing different categories of “waits”
D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. D 21. C
【解析】
【导语】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们说明了等待的三种类型，同时告诉我们不应该在等待时失去信心。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.(在这些等待过程中，思绪会从身体中溜走，四处游荡，直到水从柜台边缘流到你的袜子上。这种等待让等待者感到无助和心不在焉)”可知在关注式等待的时候，我们往往会走神。故选B。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of self-control.(与关注式等待类似的是强迫等待。但它需要一点自我控制)”可知强迫等待与关注式等待的区别是强迫等待需要一些自制力。故选A。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.(不像强迫等待，这也是自愿的，等待你的幸运并不一定意味着它会发生)”以及倒数第二段“As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.(只要一个人不依赖它，希望发生一些好事永远不会伤害任何人)”可知，作者建议我们下次等待的时候不要灰心。故选D。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of waits.(为了理解这个问题，我们来看一下三种类型的“等待”)”以及文章主要内容可知作者是通过分析不同类别的等待证明自己的观点。故选C。
D
Artificial intelligence (AI) still can’t see the future, but a new algorithm (算法) may come close: using nothing but written movie summaries, the AI can consistently tell which films will play well—or awfully—to critics and audiences. If the model can be further improved, it could one day help producers predict whether a movie will be a failure at the box office, before it’s even made.
To test several models, researchers used plot summaries of 42,306 movies from all over the world, many collected from Wikipedia. The models broke the summaries by sentence and used something called sentiment (情感) analysis to analyze each one. Sentences considered “positive”, such as “Thor loves his hammer”, would receive a rating closer to positive one. And sentences that were considered “negative”, like “Thor gets in a fight” would be rated closer to negative one.
Generally, successful movies such as 1951’s Alice in Wonderland—which scored 80% on the movie-rating website Rotten Tomatoes—have frequent waves in sentiment; unsuccessful ones, such as 2009’s The Limits of Control, vary less. It’s not important whether the films begin or end happily, the researchers say. What’s important is that the sentiments change frequently.
The sentiment ratings in each summary were then simplified into a single score to reflect how often the sentiment changed. The researchers tested three different methods of arriving at a final score. All three could predict fairly accurately whether a movie would be unpopular, and one method worked especially well for guessing which thrillers and comedies reviewers would hate.
The methods were not as efficient at guessing which movies would succeed, but they still predicted the results more accurately than random chance. In the future, the researchers say their methods could be bettered to predict the amount a movie could earn at the box office and help producers decide which movies to invest in. The system’s fair judgment might give an advantage to less well-known writers, the researchers add. It could also potentially save the public from having to sit through films like Jaws: The Revenge, which online critics and audience alike rate as terrible.
22. How can AI help foresee the future of movies
A. By testing plot models. B. By using sentiment analysis.
C. By writing summaries. D. By consulting critics and audiences.
23. What is the key factor for a successful movie according to the researchers
A. A happy ending. B. Famous movie stars.
C. A well-known producer. D. Frequent sentiment changes.
24. What benefit will the methods possibly bring
A. Helping producers invest wisely. B. Assessing a movie’s quality accurately.
C. Increasing box office earnings. D. Providing written summaries for critics.
25. What’s the researchers’ attitude to the model
A. Doubtful. B. Cautious.
C. Optimistic. D. Ambiguous.
【答案】22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种AI算法未来在电影制作预判断方面起到的作用。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The models broke the summaries by sentence and used something called sentiment (情感) analysis to analyze each one. （这些模型会按句子打破摘要，并使用一种叫做情感分析的东西，来逐句进行分析）”可知，AI在预测未来电影时，是借助情感分析的方式来进行的，故选择B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Generally, successful movies such as 1951’s Alice in Wonderland—which scored 80% on the movie-rating website Rotten Tomatoes—have frequent waves in sentiment（一般来说，成功的电影就如1951年的《爱丽丝梦游仙境》，该片在电影评级网站烂番茄上获得了80%的分数，就是有情感上的频繁波动）”可知，一部好的电影，关键是要有情感上的变化，故选择D项。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the future, the researchers say their methods could be bettered to predict the amount a movie could earn at the box office and help producers decide which movies to invest in.（研究人员表示，在未来，他们的方法可以更好地预测电影的票房收入，并帮助制片人决定投资哪些电影）”可知，这些方法在将来能够帮助制片人预测和决定投资哪一部电影。故选择A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the future, the researchers say their methods could be bettered to predict the amount a movie could earn at the box office and help producers decide which movies to invest in. The system’s fair judgment might give an advantage to less well-known writers, the researchers add. （研究人员表示，在未来，他们的方法可以更好的预测票房收入并帮助制片人决定投资哪部电影。这个系统的公平判断也能给那些不知名的作家一个有利的条件，研究人员补充说）”字里行间的“be bettered...”，“help...”，“give an advantage to...”，可知，作者对于AI的态度是乐观的，A. Doubtful怀疑的；B. Cautious谨慎的；C. Optimistic乐观的；D. Ambiguous模棱两可的。故选择C项。
四、完形填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
One of my favorite family photographs was taken last year at Disneyland. We were at the ____26____ of a ride called “Splash Mountain” and the picture was taken just as we were starting to ____27____ down. Disneyland cleverly designed an automatic camera, ____28____ at the most frightening part of the ride to take photos of the riders. These ____29____ pictures are then displayed at the exit of Splash Mountain and are available to ____30____. They are not expensive.
I love this photograph because it’s so real. Usually, when you are going to take pictures, you tidy your hair and ____31____ a pretty smile, wanting to look best. This picture is natural, showing a perfect mixture of ____32____ and terror on our faces. My husband’s mouth is open in a scream as he hangs on to me. My son is ____33____ his baseball cap backwards so it won’t fly off.
Every time I look at that photograph, I feel ____34____. Through this picture, I sense that life should be an adventure and that we should have courage and enjoy new _____35_____ all the time. However, most of the time we draw back _____36_____ fear. Fear is a kind of sick feeling that can _____37_____ us from experiencing new interesting things in life. In fact, just as Franklin D. Roosevelt _____38_____ it, the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
So, when you feel like you’re at the top of a roller coaster with a huge, alarming drop, don’t retreat(撤退). That is the time to _____39_____. That’s the time to put a big smile on your face, scream if you need to, hug those you _____40_____ and move forward towards the new adventures ahead.
26. A. end B. top C. bottom D. back
27. A. turn B. cut C. break D. rush
28. A. placed B. organized C. displayed D. established
29. A. ugly B. surprising C. rewarding D. funny
30. A. see B. enjoy C. buy D. charge
31. A. set down B. make up C. take out D. put on
32. A. joy B. worry C. doubt D. pride
33. A. showing B. dressing C. wearing D. swinging
34. A. curious B. excited C. nervous D. upset
35. A. decisions B. experiences C. impressions D. thoughts
36. A. because of B. instead of C. in place of D. in honor of
37. A. protect B. defend C. prevent D. guard
38. A. wrote B. put C. found D. pointed
39. A. expect B. prepare C. advance D. wander
40. A. admire B. notice C. advance D. love
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过描绘一张玩过山车时的照片告诉我们人生就像一场冒险，我们要有勇气不断尝试新的体验。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在一个叫“飞溅山”的过山车的顶端，这张照片是在我们开始往下冲的时候拍的。A. end末端；B. top顶部；C. bottom底部；D. back背面。根据常识，玩过山车是从最高点往下冲，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. turn (down)拒绝；B. cut (down）削减；C. break( down)出故障；D. rush (down)奔泻、冲下。根据常识，玩过山车是从最高点往下冲，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼乐园巧妙地设计了一个自动相机，放在过山车最惊险刺激的地方，为游客拍照。A. placed放置；B. organized组织；C. displayed展示；D. established建立。根据下文“at the most frightening part of the ride to take photos of the riders.”可知，迪士尼乐园把自动相机放在过山车最惊险刺激的地方，为游客拍照，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些有趣的照片随后在“飞溅山”的出口处展示以让游客购买。A. ugly丑陋的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. rewarding值得的；D. funny有趣的。根据语境和常识可知，在游玩时拍的照片通常都是抓拍快乐的瞬间，因此很有趣，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. see看见；B. enjoy喜欢；C. buy买；D. charge收费。空后一句说它们并不贵，因此这些照片是供游客购买的，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：通常，当你要拍照时，你会整理你的头发，脸上挂着一个美丽的微笑，希望看起来最好看。A. set down记下；B. make up编造；C. take out拿出；D. put on穿上、面带笑容。根据宾语“a pretty smile”可知此处指“面带笑容”，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这张照片很自然，展现了我们脸上喜悦和恐惧的完美结合。A. joy欢乐；B. worry担心；C. doubt怀疑；D. pride骄傲。根据语境和常识，过山车十分有趣，但又惊险刺激，因此抓拍的面部表情应该是既有喜悦又有恐惧，故选A。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我儿子把棒球帽向后戴，这样它就不会被刮飞了。A. showing展示；B. dressing打扮；C. wearing穿、戴；D. swinging摆动。根据下文“his baseball cap backwards”可知此处表示“把棒球帽向后戴”，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我看那张照片，我都感到兴奋（高兴）。A. curious好奇的；B. excited兴奋的、高兴的；C. nervous紧张的；D. upset沮丧的。这张照片记录了玩过山车时的难忘瞬间，因此每次看到它我都会感到兴奋（高兴），故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这张照片，我感觉到生活应该是一场冒险，我们应该有勇气，一直享受新的体验。A. decisions决定； B. experiences经历、体验；C. impressions印象；D. thoughts想法。空前一句说通过这张照片，我感觉到生活应该是一场冒险，因此我们要一直享受新的体验，故选B。
【36题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数时候我们因为恐惧而退缩。A. because of由于；B. instead of而不是；C. in place of代替；D. in honor of为纪念。根据上文“most of the time we draw back”可知，大多数时候我们因为恐惧而退缩，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧是一种病态的感觉，它会阻止我们体验生活中新的有趣的事情。A. protect保护；B. defend保卫；C. prevent阻止；D. guard看守。根据下文“us from experiencing new interesting things in life.”可知，恐惧会阻止我们体验生活中新的有趣的事情，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，正如富兰克林·D·罗斯福所说，我们唯一需要害怕的就是恐惧本身。A. wrote写；B. put说；C. found发现；D. pointed指出。as sb puts it正如某人所说，通常用来引出一个人生哲理，故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当你感觉自己在过山车的顶端，将要进行一个巨大的、令人担忧的下俯冲时，不要退缩。这是前进的时候。A. expect期待；B. prepare准备；C. advance进展、前进；D. wander徘徊。此处与前面的retreat（后退）形成对比，即：前进，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：是时候在你的脸上挂上灿烂的笑容，大声尖叫，拥抱你爱的人，朝着前方的新冒险前进。A. admire钦佩；B. notice注意到；C. advance进展；D. love爱。上文作者提到了儿子把棒球帽向后戴，因此作者是和家人一起玩过山车的，即：自己所爱的人，故选D。
五、七选五(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)
Improving your lifestyle can seem like an unachievable goal. Changing everything about your life all at once is probably not realistic, but there are lots of small changes you can make to enjoy your life more. ____41____. Before you know it, you’ll have the lifestyle you’ve always wanted!
Eat healthy. You may be flooded by all of the appealing diets, but eating healthy is really not all that complicated Try a variety of fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. Avoid salty foods, added sugar, and fatty foods as much as possible. ____42____. Fruits and vegetables are thought to increase feelings of positivity, while fats and sugars are linked to feelings of depression.
Exercise. ____43____. Try to include at least 150 minutes of walking or 75 minutes of running or dancing into your weekly schedule. In addition to improving your physical health, regular exercise can also decrease symptoms of depression. Staying active is much easier if you find an activity that you enjoy. Try several new sports or exercise classes until you find something you really want to do. Having an exercise friend can also help keep you on track.
____44____. If you are overweight, there are a few really easy things you can do to lose a few pounds, which can add up to major health benefits. Try keeping healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables in your house for those times when you get the urge to eat between meals. You should also try to be aware of your motivations for eating. ____45____ like going for a walk.
A. Take simple steps to lose weight
B. Stick to a healthy diet for losing weight
C. Start small by making one or two changes at a time
D. Your diet can also have an effect on your mental health
E. Regular exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyle
F. If you eat because you’re sad, try finding other ways of handling the feeling
G. Although eating out with your friends costs you much, it is completely for exercise
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. E 44. A 45. F
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。主题：人与自我。只要稍稍做出改变，文章推荐的三种做法就可以使人们更好地享受生活。
【41题详解】
考查关联逻辑。空格处和前一句是递进关系。前一句“要享受生活，你可以做出很多小的改变”，而空格表述的是“从小处开始，同时进行一两次小的改变”则是对前一句进一步的补充说明。故C选项符合语境。
【42题详解】
考查关联逻辑。空格处和后一句是总分关系，后一句“水果和蔬菜被认为会增加积极情绪，而脂肪和糖则与抑郁感有关”是对空格表达的“饮食对你的心理健康有影响”观点具体说明。故D项符合语境。
【43题详解】
考查关联逻辑。本段主题词是“exercise”，故其后空格中的句子也应该和exercise有关。故E项“有规律的锻炼是健康生活方式的重要组成部分”符合语境。
【44题详解】
考查段落大意。本句属于主题句。此段there are a few really easy things you can do to lose a few pounds, 你可以做一些非常简单的事情来减肥，所以本段 主要讲述的是减肥的几种简单的做法。故A项“采取简单的步骤来减肥”符合语境。
【45题详解】
考查关联逻辑。空格处和前文应为顺承关系。空格前文讲述的是通过“你要意识到你吃饭的动机”而F项“如果你因为悲伤而去吃饭，不妨尝试别的方法来处理情感问题”起到了举例说明的作用，符合语境。
六、语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Time waits for no man”—or so the saying goes. We can’t stop time and we can’t control ______46______, although sometimes, in our minds, we think time flies. But if this year ______47______ particular feels like it’s passing more quickly than others have done, there could be a scientific ______48______ (explain).
Of course, we know a year is usually 365 days long. Clever scientists calculated this a long time ago. They also worked out that every four years, we need an extra day ______49______ (call) a leap year to keep our calendar in sync (同步). But 2021 isn’t one of those years, and yet it’s not behaving like ______50______ normal year. Scientists have done the math and discovered the Earth is moving faster than it ever has in the last 50 years, ______51______ means that 2021 is going to be the shortest year in decades.
Apparently, this is ______52______ the Earth is spinning faster, quicker than it has done in decades, and the days are therefore shorter. But they are only short by a tiny amount—around 0.05 milliseconds—so don’t panic if you haven’t noticed! However, long-term these milliseconds add up. Graham Jones from Time and Date told The Independent newspaper: “If the Earth’s rotation continues to ______53______ (quick), we may at some point require a negative leap second. If this happens, our clocks would skip a second ______54______ (keep) up with the hurrying Earth.” Since 1972, 27 leap seconds _______55_______ (add) to our time.
【答案】46. it 47. in
48. explanation
49. called 50. a
51. which 52. because
53. quicken
54. to keep
55. have been added
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了闰年的来源以及2021年将是几十年来最短的一年，同时解释了原因。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：我们不能停止时间，我们不能控制它，尽管有时，在我们的头脑中，我们认为时间飞逝。此处指控制“time”，应用代词it。故填it。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意：但如果今年的时间特别让人感觉比往年过得更快，那就有科学的解释了。结合句意表示“特别”可知短语为in particular。故填in。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：但如果今年的时间特别让人感觉比往年过得更快，那就有科学的解释了。根据上文“there could be a scientific”可知应填单数名词explanation，作主语。故填explanation。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还计算出，每四年，我们需要一个额外的一天，称为闰年，以保持我们的日历同步。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语years构成被动关系，故应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填called。
【50题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但2021年不是这样的年份，它不像是正常的一年。year为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且normal是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
【51题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：科学家通过计算发现，地球的运动速度是过去50年来最快的，这意味着2021年将是几十年来最短的一年。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子“the Earth is moving faster than it ever has in the last 50 years”，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【52题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：显然，这是因为地球的自转速度比过去几十年都要快，因此白天也变短了。空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，缺少原因状语，应用because引导。故填because。
【53题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果地球自转继续加快，我们可能在某个时候需要负闰秒。结合句意表示“加快”可知应用动词quicken，且此处为短语continue to do sth.，应填原形。故填quicken。
【54题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果发生这种情况，我们的时钟会跳过一秒，以跟上地球的速度。分析句子结构可知keep在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to keep。
【55题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：自1972年以来，我们的时间加快了27闰秒。根据上文“Since 1972”可知用现在完成时，主语27 leap seconds与谓语动词add构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been added。
七、根据首字母和所给的中文提示填写正确的单词或短语，请将完整的单词或短语写在答题卡上(每空1分，共15分)
56. I burst into e________(发怒)when he didn’t explain the reason for his absence.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】exasperation##xasperation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当他没有解释他缺席的原因时，我勃然大怒。根据句意和首字母可知，空处填exasperation作宾语。故填exasperation。
57. I am strongly c________(相信) that hard work is the key to success. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】convinced##onvinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我坚信努力工作是成功的关键。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词convinced，作表语，be convinced that“相信”。故填convinced。
58. Just like spoken language, body language v________(变化) from culture to culture. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】varies##aries
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：就像口语一样，肢体语言因文化而异。vary from...to....在……到……的范围内变化。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语body language为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据中英文提示及句意，故填varies。
59. I wake up to the sound of the wind b___________(连续猛击) the cloth of my tent. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】buffeting##uffeting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我在风吹动帐篷布的声音中醒来。根据中英文提示可知应用动词buffet，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填buffeting。
60. The museum is closed while e________(必要的，极其重要的) repairs are being carried out. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】essential##ssential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：博物馆在进行必要的维修期间关闭。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词essential，修饰名词repairs，作定语。故填essential。
61. My arms were aching so I shifted position s________(稍微地，略微地). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】slightly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我的胳膊疼，所以我稍微换了个姿势。修饰动词，用副词形式。副词“稍微地，略微地”英文为slightly。根据中英文提示及句意，故填slightly。
62. Confucius is one of the greatest thinkers and e________(教育家) in the world. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】educators##ducators
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：孔子是世界上最伟大的思想家和思想家之一。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词educator，作表语，one of后接名词复数。故填educators。
63. In other countries, _________________ _________________(相反), eye contact is not always approved of. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. by ②. contrast
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：相反，在其它国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“相反”对应的介词短语by contrast，作状语。故填by contrast。
64. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, ________ whom he has ________ his life.(献身于，致力于)(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. to ②. devoted
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。句意：事实上，他精瘦而强壮的身体就像数百万中国农民一样，他为他们献出了生命。分析句子结构可知，本句是“介词+whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，根据所给中文提示词，应是固定短语：devote...to意为“献身于，致力于”，空前有has可知用现在完成时，介词to提前。故填①to，②devoted。
65. At the top pf the mountain stands an ancient temple, ________ ________ (吸引) countless tourists each year. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. appealing ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：山顶矗立着一座古庙，每年吸引着无数游客。吸引为appeal to，空处为非谓语动词，与temple为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填appealing to。
66. You must believe in your ability to accomplish anything you ________ ________ (开始，着手) to do. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. set ②. out
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：你必须相信自己有能力完成任何你着手做的事情。着手做某事为set out to do sth，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时。故填set out。
八、课文填空：请根据每空的首先字母提示和课文内容填空，请将完整的单词写在答题卡上(每空1词，每词1分，满分10分)注意：和原文不一致的答案不给分
根据首字母提示和课文内容填空
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually a___67___ a higher yield than c___68___ crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great d___69___. The common a___70___ then was that it could not be done. Through i___71___ effort, Yuan o___72___ enormous technical d___73___ to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for f___74___ in 1974. This hybrid e___75___ farmers to e____76____ their output greatly.
【答案】67. attain
68. conventional
69. debate 70. assumption
71. intense
72. overcame
73. difficulties
74. farming
75 enabled
76. expand
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了袁隆平克服技术困难，研制出了可以用于农业的杂交水稻。
【67题详解】
考查动词。句意：杂交作物一个特点是它们的产量通常比传统作物高。根据“a higher yield”以及课文内容可知，空处为attain，再根据usually可知，为一般现在时。故填attain。
【68题详解】
考查形容词。句意：杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比传统作物高。根据“One characteristic of hybrids”以及课文内容可知，空处填形容词conventional作定语。故填conventional。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，是否有可能开发出像水稻这样的自花授粉植物的杂交品种，这是一个充满争议的问题。根据“whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter”以及课文内容可知，空处填名词debate作of的宾语。故填debate。
【70题详解】
考查名词。句意：当时普遍的假设是，这是不可能做到的。根据“ it could not be done”以及课文内容可知，空处填名词assumption做主语。故填assumption。
【71题详解】
考查形容词。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。根据“effort”以及课文内容可知，空处填形容词intense作定语。故填intense。
【72题详解】
考查动词。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。根据课文内容可知，空处填overcome作谓语，根据in 1974可知，为一般过去时。故填overcame。
【73题详解】
考查名词。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。根据“to develop the first hybrid rice”以及课文内容可知，空处填名词复数difficulties作宾语。故填difficulties。
【74题详解】
考查名词。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。根据“develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for”以及课文内容可知，空处填farming作宾语。故填farming。
【75题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种杂交品种使农民能够大大扩大产量。根据课文内容可知，空处填谓语enable，enablesb to do sth.，意为：确保某人干某事。陈述过去发生的事情，句子时态为一般过去时。故填enabled。
【76题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：这种杂交品种使农民能够大大扩大产量。to后接动词原形，根据“ their output greatly”以及课文内容可知，空处填动词expand。故填expand。
九、书面表达(满分20分，其中卷面书写：5分，内容表达：15分)
77. 假定你是李华，你校的外教老师Mr. Smith打算让8岁的女儿学习一样中国传统艺术作为兴趣，他写邮件征求你的意见。请你根据下列要点给他回一封邮件。
要点包括：1. 你的推荐和原因；2. 简述学习建议；3.表达祝福和希望。
注意：1. 写作词：100左右；
2. 内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
Knowing from your last letter that you plan to let your 8-year-old daughter learn a traditional art as an interest, I’m more than glad to offer my advice for your reference.
As a big fan of Chinese calligraphy myself, I’ll recommend it without hesitation because it’s a natural combination of beauty, strength, history and technique. In order to learn it well, first and foremost, she may need to devote herself to long hours of practice. Second, signing up for a calligraphy course would be a wise choice, which would help her study in a systematic way. Besides, it is also beneficial to study and imitate the works of famous calligraphers.
I do hope you’ll find my advice helpful. Best wishes for her future study!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的推荐信。要求考生给外教老师回一封邮件，就其打算让8岁的女儿学习一样中国传统艺术一事给出自己的推荐，并分析原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→ happy/delighted
首先：first and foremost → first of all
致力于：devote oneself to → dedicate oneself to
有益的：be beneficial→ be of benefit
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to learn it well, first and foremost, she may need to devote herself to long hours of practice.
拓展句：If she wants to learn it well, first and foremost, she may need to devote herself to long hours of practice.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As a big fan of Chinese calligraphy myself, I’ll recommend it without hesitation because it’s a natural combination of beauty, strength, history and technique.（运用了because引导的状语从句）
【高分句型2】Second, signing up for a calligraphy course would be a wise choice, which would help her study in a systematic way.（运用了which引导的定语从句）
