辽宁省实验中学2023—2024学年度上学期12月月考测试
高一年级英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟 试题满分：150分
第一部分：听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题：从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the woman dissatisfied with about the gloves
A．The color. B．The material. C．The price.
2．How many people will have dinner with the man
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.
3．What instrument has the woman been learning
A．The piano. B．The violin. C．The guitar.
4．Where are probably the speakers
A．In the street. B．In a fruit shop. C．In a supermarket.
5．What is the man probably doing
A．Applying for a job. B．Hosting an interview. C．Asking for a promotion.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6．Why does the woman plan to meet David
A．To help him with his paper.
B．To borrow some books from him.
C．To invite him to a game.
7．How does the man sound in the end
A．Worried. B．Disappointed. C．Modest.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8．How is the woman’s business
A．It’s booming. B．It’s just so-so. C．It’s bad.
9．Why does the man buy flowers
A．For a wedding. B．For a birthday. C．For an anniversary.
10．What kind of flowers will the man buy
A．Lilies. B．Roses. C．Sunflowers.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
11．Where did the man go last summer
A．To the Mogao Caves. B．To Yumen Pass. C．To Crescent Spring.
12．Why does the man refuse to travel to Qingdao
A．He isn’t interested in it. B．It’s far away from his place.
C．He has been there before.
13．What does the woman suggest the man do
A．Look through a guidebook.
B．Seek advice from someone else.
C．Travel with his parents more often.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
14．Who is Harry
A．The woman’s student. B．The man’s classmate. C．The woman’s friend.
15．What is Harry’s nationality
A．American. B．Japanese. C．Chinese.
16．What is the man likely to do this Sunday evening
A．Taste Sichuan cuisine. B．Make zongzi. C．Go to Silver Lake.
17．What does the woman want the man to do next
A．Make a gift. B．Go shopping. C．Do the housework.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
18．Who is the speaker probably talking to
A．Primary school students. B．High school students. C．College students.
19．What do the volunteers need to do
A．Introduce good learning methods.
B．Be familiar with the history of the school.
C．Live on campus during the summer camp.
20．How can the listeners sign up to be the volunteers
A．By going to the student union office.
B．By filling out the form on the official website.
C．By making a phone call.
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As a qualified teacher of art and design, Theresa Harwood offers short online courses on drawing and painting to help students both young and old develop into confident artists.
Academic drawing course
This course is for absolute beginners of any age who are not sure on what to do or how to use a pencil. The course will be limited to only six participants, 5 sessions, once a week.
Start date: June 5
Time:10:00 am～11:00 am
Price: $380
Water color painting course
This course is for anyone who is interested in developing skills for water colour painting. Through a series of 6 projects we learn wet on wet and wet on dry. The course will be limited to only twelve participants. 6 sessions, once a week.
Start date: April 23
Time:4:30 pm～5:30 pm
Price: $380
Landscape drawing course
This course is suitable for anyone from 11 to 90 years who are interested in developing skills for landscape drawing. The only requirement of the course is that you want to learn to draw! The course will be limited to only ten participants. 5 sessions, once a week.
Start date: May 24
Time:8:00 pm～9:00 pm
Price: $380
Western art history course
This course is for students, aged between 9 and 12 years. It looks at the fun facts of the key artworks of each art movement and explains why the artists painted certain views or people. The course will be limited to only eight participants. 6 sessions, once a week.
Start date: May 7
Time:10:30 am～11:30 am
Price: $380
These courses have limited spaces and are often sold out quickly, so do book your spot soon!
1. How many students are admitted for each academic drawing course
A. 6. B. 8. C. 10. D. 12.
2. When does the landscape drawing course start
A. On April 23. B. On May 7. C. On May 24. D. On June 5.
3. Which course just accepts schoolchildren
A. Water color painting. B. Western art history.
C. Landscape drawing. D. Academic drawing.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了Theresa Harwood提供的短期在线课程。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Academic drawing course下的“This course is for absolute beginners of any age who are not sure on what to do or how to use a pencil. The course will be limited to only six participants, 5 sessions, once a week.(本课程适合任何年龄的初学者，他们不确定该做什么或如何使用铅笔。课程将限制为6人，5节课，每周一次)”可知，每门学术绘画课程录取6名学生。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Landscape drawing course下的“Start date: May 24”可知，landscape drawing course开始于5月24日。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Western art history下的“This course is for students, aged between 9 and 12 years. It looks at the fun facts of the key artworks of each art movement and explains why the artists painted certain views or people. The course will be limited to only eight participants. 6 sessions, once a week.(本课程面向9至12岁的学生。它着眼于每个艺术运动的关键艺术品的有趣事实，并解释为什么艺术家画某些观点或人物。该课程仅限8人参加。6次，一周一次)”可知，Western art history只接受小学生。故选B项。
B
There is a curious love triangle that sits at the center of the new documentary Fire of Love. It’s between a man, a woman and a volcano. Well, all of them are volcanoes.
Their names might not be especially well-known today, but in the 1970s and ‘80s, French scientists Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft were very famous for their photographs and writings about the volcanoes. When they died in 1991 on Mount Unzen in Japan, their deaths were covered globally. But their story has somewhat faded in the public memory in the past three decades though Werner Herzog did spotlight them in his 2016 documentary Into the Inferno.
The Kraffts who first bonded over Mount Etna and Mount Stromboli and were married in 1970, witnessed about 140 eruptions on every continent except Antarctica and won an Emmy for their National Geographic documentary Mountains of Fire. They would famously drop everything to get to an active volcano, and were often the first on site. They were also known for their willingness to get dangerously close.
Filmmaker Sara Dosa once met the Kraffts while making an earlier film about Iceland many years ago. In 2020, with the help of Image’ Est, a French museum, and Maurice Krafft’s brother, Bertrand Krafft, Dosa and her team were able to get access to over 180 hours of footage shot by the Kraffts. So Dosa decided to make something about the Kraffts in the true spirit of the Kraffts.
“We wanted to let them play themselves. We see them as the authors of their own story,“ Dosa said. ”This is a co-creation, shot by them and starring them. We’re just stringing together the pieces of their life for the audience to connect with.”
However, Fire of Love is anything but a filmed Wikipedia(维基百科)page. Dosa and her team have drawn on the techniques of French New Wave films to help shape the style of their film, including playful multiple screens.
4. Where did Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft pass away
A. On Mount Etna. B. On Mount Stromboli.
C. On Mount Unzen. D. On Mount Krakatoa.
5. Why were the Kraffts considered as volcanoes
A. They were enthusiastic about studying volcanoes.
B. They were well-known for their short-lived marriage.
C. Their deaths were related to the biggest volcano.
D. Their love story appeared in many volcano books.
6. Who directed the film Fire of Love
A. Bertrand Krafft. B. Sara Dosa. C. Werner Herzog. D. Katia Krafft.
7. What is the text
A. A love story. B. A biography. C. A documentary. D. A film review.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《火山挚恋》这部纪录片。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When they died in 1991 on Mount Unzen in Japan, their deaths were covered globally. (1991年，当他们在日本云仙山去世时，他们的死亡被全球报道。)”可知，蒂亚·克拉夫特和莫里斯·克拉夫特在云仙山去世的。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s between a man, a woman and a volcano. Well, all of them are volcanoes.(这是一个男人，一个女人和一座火山之间的较量。嗯，它们都是火山。)”和第三段“The Kraffts who first bonded over Mount Etna and Mount Stromboli and were married in 1970, witnessed about 140 eruptions on every continent except Antarctica and won an Emmy for their National Geographic documentary Mountains of Fire. They would famously drop everything to get to an active volcano, and were often the first on site. They were also known for their willingness to get dangerously close. (克拉夫特夫妇？1970年，他们在埃特纳火山和斯特龙波里火山结缘，并在除南极洲以外的各大洲见证了大约140次火山喷发，并因《国家地理》纪录片《火山》获得艾美奖。他们会放弃一切去活火山，而且经常是第一个到达现场的。他们还以愿意危险地接近而闻名。)”可知，因为克拉夫特夫妇热衷于研究火山，所以他们被认为是火山。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Filmmaker Sara Dosa once met the Kraffts while making an earlier film about Iceland many years ago. In 2020, with the help of Image’ Est, a French museum, and Maurice Krafft’s brother, Bertrand Krafft, Dosa and her team were able to get access to over 180 hours of footage shot by the Kraffts. So Dosa decided to make something about the Kraffts in the true spirit of the Kraffts.(多年前，电影制作人萨拉·多萨在拍摄一部关于冰岛的电影时遇到了克拉夫特夫妇。2020年，在法国博物馆Image ' Est和莫里斯·克拉夫特的兄弟伯特兰·克拉夫特的帮助下，多萨和她的团队获得了克拉夫特夫妇拍摄的180多个小时的镜头。所以多萨决定做一些关于克拉夫特夫妇真正精神的东西。)”可知，《火山挚恋》是萨拉·多萨执导的。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“There is a curious love triangle that sits at the center of the new documentary Fire of Love. (新纪录片《火山挚恋》的中心是一段奇特的三角恋。)”、最后一段“However, Fire of Love is anything but a filmed Wikipedia(维基百科)page. Dosa and her team have drawn on the techniques of French New Wave films to help shape the style of their film, including playful multiple screens. (然而，《火山挚恋》绝不是一个被拍摄的维基百科页面。多萨和她的团队借鉴了法国新浪潮电影的技术来帮助塑造他们的电影风格，包括好玩的多屏幕。)”及全文可推断，文章主要是电影纪录片《火山挚恋》的影评。故选D。
C
Just as our bodies produce waste every day—which is why we need to shower and use the toilet —our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF 脑髓液), was found to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours.
“This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake,” Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can’t think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night’s sleep leave s us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on October 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains’ self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated FMRI, which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular FMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”. This cycle coincided (巧合) with the rhythm of the brains’ slow waves — an electrical activity that happens when we’re in deep sleep.
It’s still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the me re fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer (阿尔兹海默症) often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. “Maybe the most important take-home message is that sleep is a serious thing,” she told Scientific American. “You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical housekeeping ‘function’.”
8. Why is the body waste mentioned at the beginning of the passage
A. To show the similarity between body and brain.
B. To explain the main components of brain waste.
C. To introduce the topic of passage through comparison.
D. To remind us of the necessity of regular body cleaning.
9. What can we learn from the passage
A. Slow brainwaves are caused by the brain cleaning process.
B. The diseased brains break down for not cleaning themselves.
C. Sleep is the most important factor for improving our memory.
D. Slow brainwaves and brain cleaning occur with identical frequency (频率).
10. Why are the findings of the new study important
A. They are based on more advanced technology.
B They give us new insight into some brain diseases.
C. They confirm the connection between brain activities.
D. They reveal the process of brains cleaning themselves.
11. What is the passage mainly about
A. The self-cleaning function of human brains.
B. The importance of sleep at night for humans.
C. The cause and possible cures of diseased human brains.
D. The different states of human brains at daytime and night.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，大脑中有一种被称为脑脊液的液体，在睡眠时急剧增加，冲走了清醒时在脑细胞之间积累的废物蛋白质。本文主要讲的是人类大脑的自我清洁功能。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Just as our bodies produce waste every day — which is why we need to shower and use the toilet —our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves (就像我们的身体每天都会产生废物一样——这就是为什么我们需要洗澡和上厕所——我们的大脑也会产生有害的废物蛋白质。但我们的大脑是如何“沐浴”自己的呢？)”可知，这篇文章的开头提到了身体的废物，是为了通过对比介绍文章的主题——“大脑是如何清洁自己的”，故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”. This cycle coincided (巧合) with the rhythm of the brains slow waves — an electrical activity that happens when we’ re in deep sleep.(他们发现，每隔20秒，血液就会流出大脑，为大量脑脊液腾出空间来“清洁”。这个周期与大脑慢波的节奏相吻合——这是一种发生在我们深度睡眠时的电活动。)”可知，缓慢的脑电波和大脑清洁以相同的频率发生，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.(但仅仅是它们之间的联系就已经足够令人兴奋了，因为这让研究人员能够拼凑出对被误解的疾病可能的新解释。)”和倒数第二段“For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer’s often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.(例如，慢波睡眠已被证明在增强我们的记忆力方面发挥作用。这也许可以解释为什么老年痴呆症患者的慢脑波通常更少、更弱。基于这项新的研究，可能还有一种解释是：大脑不干净。)”可推知，这项新研究的发现很重要，是因为它们让我们对一些脑部疾病有了新的认识。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF脑髓液), was found to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between braincells in waking hours.(研究发现，大脑中有一种被称为脑脊液的液体，在睡眠时急剧增加，冲走了清醒时在脑细胞之间积累的废物蛋白质。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类大脑的自我清洁功能。故选A。
D
Be it sugar or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces a “feel-good” chemical called dopamine. It first brings about pleasure, but it doesn’t last very long. It is then followed by pain so that we have to search for the pleasurable things again.
“This cycle of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans when we had to constantly search for our basic needs-food, water, shelter,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School researcher. “But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life.”
In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. Otherwise, the cycle will lead us to anxiety, depression and many other problems.
“This is a universal problem—not one limited to those struggling with the disease of addiction. If we want to stay mentally healthy, we must rethink how to break the cycle in a dopamine-overloaded world,” says Lembke.
Her suggestions for the addicts
Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure. This doesn’t mean going cold turkey forever. But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. Then re-introduce the pleasurable things little by little, like just a few bites of ice cream at a time or just one hour online a night.
Another strategy is to create physical distance between us and our addiction. That could mean just removing the addictive thing from our personal space. For someone who’s addicted to video games, that could mean a separate laptop for work and one for play.
“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise,” Lembke says. “By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term.”
12. What can we learn about dopamine from the text
A. It has always been harmful to humans.
B. It gives us less joy for the same rewards.
C. It can be caused by anything available.
D. It can lead to a lasting good feeling.
13. What do the underlined words “going cold turkey” probably mean
A. Abandoning. B. Waiting. C. Cooking. D. Repeating.
14. What does Dr. Anna Lembke suggest we do in the long term
A. Avoid pleasure in life.
B. Set a strict limit on pleasurable things.
C. Change reward pathways.
D. Expose ourselves to repeated rewards.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Ways to Live With Dopamine in Peace
B. Tips on Getting Rid of Social Media Addiction
C. Strategies for Making Most of the Modern Life
D. The Need to Strike a Pleasure-pain Balance
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上瘾的机制及戒瘾的办法。
12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life. (但我们的大脑并没有调整到能够扑灭‘多巴胺之火’，这种‘多巴胺之火’是由现代生活中很容易获得的快乐事物引起的)”，以及第三段“In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. (此外，当我们反复接触能带来快乐的事物时，我们就无法从同样的奖励中获得快乐。相反，我们需要越来越强的刺激来让自己感觉良好)”可知，因为多巴胺，同样的回报却给我们更少的快乐。故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段的划线词前一句“Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure.(从我们赖以获得快乐的一切事物中抽出30天时间休息)”及划线词后“But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. (但第一个月是打破快乐—痛苦循环的关键，一开始就完全戒掉上瘾行为要容易得多)”可知，going cold turkey与后句中的cut out意思相同，意为“戒掉”，与Abandoning(中止，放弃)意思相近，故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term. (通过这样做，我们将重置奖励途径，最终会更快乐。这并不容易，但从长远来看是值得做的)”可知, 从长远来看，Dr.Anna Lembke建议我们应该改变奖励途径，才能让自己长久感到幸福。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise, (在生活富足的时候，我们必须保持快乐和痛苦的平衡，这意味着有意地避免快乐，寻求那种让我们保持健康的有目的的痛苦，比如锻炼)”可知，控制上瘾最根本的一条还是能在苦与乐之间取得一种微妙的平衡。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here are five common mistakes distance learners make.
Choosing the wrong school. ___16___ “Diploma mill” schools charge unsuspecting students thousands of dollars for worthless degrees, whereas trustworthy schools are able to give their students diploma they are proud of. Before you enroll in an online school, do some research to find out what type of program, resource and support will be provided.
Putting off things. Many students never finish their degrees because they lack the self-discipline and motivation to sit down and get their work done on a daily basis. ___17___ Many students have found it beneficial to create a deadline for receiving their degrees and set small monthly, weekly, and daily goals that will allow them to reach that deadline.
Failing to connect with their peers and professors. ___18___ Building meaningful relationships with your peers and professors can allow you to learn more, stay motivated, and have a way to express your own understanding of the subject matter. So stay connected through message boards, chat rooms, email, and other virtual resources.
Scaring potential employers. More and more people are recognizing the validity (有效性) of online education. ___19___ Some potential employers may see warning signs if you announce that you have earned your degree through the Internet. Even if you attend a famous school, avoid calling attention to the fact that your studies are done online.
___20___ There’s a lot of online material available to help out students. Make sure you know where you can get the help you need. Be aware of the general resources such as virtual dictionaries, online books, and resources that relate to your specialized subject matter.
A. Paying too much.
B. Paying no attention to online resources.
C. However, be aware that it is not completely accepted by all people.
D. Many students attend an online course feeling as if it is very easy.
E. Selecting the right school is the biggest difficulty that distance learners face.
F. If you often put off your work, set some specific goals for yourself and stick to them.
G. One of the most rewarding experiences in education is learning through teamwork.
【答案】16. E 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了远程学习者常犯的五个错误。
【16题详解】
上文“Choosing the wrong school.(选择错误的学校)”指出远程学习者常常会犯选错学校的错误，这说明选合适的学校对于他们来说是个很困难的事情，E项“选择合适的学校是远程学习者面临的最大困难。”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据本段中心句“Putting off things(推迟事情)”可知，许多学生会推迟事情，结合上文“Many students never finish their degrees because they lack the self-discipline and motivation to sit down and get their work done on a daily basis.(许多学生从未完成学位，因为他们缺乏自律和每天坐下来完成工作的动力)”可知，许多学生缺乏自律和每天坐下来完成工作的动力，这导致他们推迟一些工作，空处承接上文，指出该如何解决这种问题，F项“如果你经常推迟工作，请为自己设定一些具体目标并坚持下去。”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
【18题详解】
下文“Building meaningful relationships with your peers and professors can allow you to learn more, stay motivated, and have a way to express your own understanding of the subject matter.(与你的同事和教授建立有意义的关系可以让你学到更多，保持动力，并有办法表达你自己对主题的理解)”介绍了与你的同事和教授建立这种合作关系的好处，空处引出下文，指出要与同事和教授建立合作关系，G项“教育中最有价值的经历之一就是通过团队合作学习。”能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选G。
【19题详解】
上文“More and more people are recognizing the validity (有效性) of online education.(越来越多的人认识到在线教育的有效性)”指出越来越多的人认识到在线教育的有效性，下文“Some potential employers may see warning signs if you announce that you have earned your degree through the Internet. Even if you attend a famous school, avoid calling attention to the fact that your studies are done online.(如果您宣布您通过互联网获得了学位，一些潜在的雇主可能会看到警告信号。即使您就读于名校，也不要让人们注意到您的学习是在网上完成的)”指出不要让雇主知道你是在网上获得的学位，这是因为远程教育并不是被所有人都接受，前后是转折关系，C项“但要注意的是，它并没有被所有人完全接受。”能够承上启下，符合语境，it代指上文the validity (有效性) of online education，故选C。
【20题详解】
此处是本段中心句，介绍远程学习者常犯的错误之一，下文“There’s a lot of online material available to help out students. Make sure you know where you can get the help you need. Be aware of the general resources such as virtual dictionaries, online books, and resources that relate to your specialized subject matter.(有很多在线材料可以帮助学生。确保您知道在哪里可以获得所需的帮助。了解一般资源，例如虚拟词典、在线书籍以及与您的专业主题相关的资源)”介绍了学生应该关注网上的那些资源，这说明许多学生不关注网上的那些资源，B项“不关注网上资源。”能够符合本段主旨。故选B。
第三部分：语言知识运用
第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 2008, my family decided to migrate to the United States. ___21___, I had to leave the life I was accustomed to ___22___. I left my friends and most importantly, I left the ___23___ of graduating from elementary school as a valedictorian (毕业生代表). When I came to Guam, I started attending Benavente Middle School as a sixth grader. However, because I came ___24___,I only ___25___ be a sixth grader for four months.
I’ve always done really ___26___ in school and I did not want to move to a different country to stop me from ___27___ my best. I made sure that my education was my first priority. I did all my work, turned things in on time, as well as studied for tests and quizzes. I was ___28___ that finally, I would be able to go on stage and be part of the top ten. However, ___29___ my hard work, I found out that I could not be on ___30___ because I did not attend some specific lessons for the whole three years. Hearing this, I felt like all my hard work went to waste.
When I started going to high school, I still kept that ___31___ inside. I still could not believe that I worked so hard on something but my hard work didn’t ___32___. Finally, in Junior year, I decided to let things go and not dwell on the past. I started ___33___ more time and effort into my studies and I saw improvement in my grades day by day. In the last year, I was so proud of my grades and was ___34___ to show them to my parents. I ___35___ the fact that I’m doing so well in school and I’m trying my best. As they always say, everyone makes mistakes. The only difference is that some people learn from them while others repeat them.
21.
A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Furthermore
22.
A. behind B. out C. over D. on
23.
A. result B. risk C. chance D. state
24.
A. late B. early C. first D. last
25.
A. tried to B. intended to C. meant to D. had to
26.
A. badly B. poorly C. well D. hard
27.
A. studying B. performing C. learning D. putting
28.
A. confident B. lucky C. happy D. likely
29
A. because of B. despite C. in terms of D. considering
30.
A. this B. them C. it D. myself
31.
A. disappointment B. excitement C. agreement D. moment
32.
A. go off B. fall off C. put off D. pay off
33.
A. adding B. taking C. putting D. paying
34.
A disappointed B. excited C. depressed D. embarrassed
35.
A. know B. tell C. accept D. enjoy
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了全家移民到美国后，作者在学校努力上进的过程。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我不得不把习惯的生活抛在脑后。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Furthermore此外。根据前文的“In 2008, my family decided to migrate to the United States”可知，全家决定移民到美国，故“我”不得不离开我所习惯的生活，两句为因果关系。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：因此，我不得不把习惯的生活抛在脑后。A. behind在……的后面；B. out从……中出来；C. over超过；D. on在……上。根据前文的“I had to leave the life I was accustomed to”可知，“我”不得不抛弃我所习惯的生活。leave...behind“不带，遗留，丢弃”。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我离开了我的朋友，最重要的是，我离开了作为毕业生代表从小学毕业的机会。A. result结果；B. risk风险；C. chance机会；D. state状态。根据后文的“graduating from elementary school as a valedictorian (毕业生代表)”可知，作为毕业生代表从小学毕业，这是个难得的机会。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，因为我来晚了，我只需要做四个月的六年级学生。A. late晚；B. early在早期；C. first第一；D. last最后。根据后文的“be a sixth grader for four months”可知，只需要做四个月的六年级学生，是因为来晚了，六年级已经度过了部分时间。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，因为我来晚了，我只需要做四个月的六年级学生。A. tried to尽力；B. intended to意在；C. meant to ；D. had to不得不，必须。根据前文的“because I came 4 ”及后文的“be a sixth grader for four months”可知，“我”来晚了，“我”只能做四个月的六年级学生。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在学校一直表现很好，我不想搬到另一个国家阻止我发挥我的最佳水平。A. badly非常；B. poorly糟糕；C. well好地；D. hard努力地。根据前文的“graduating from elementary school as a valedictorian”可知，作为毕业生代表从小学毕业，“我”在学校肯定一直表现很好。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在学校一直表现很好，我不想搬到另一个国家阻止我发挥我的最佳水平。A. studying学习；B. performing做，执行；C. learning学习；D. putting放。根据前文的“be a sixth grader for four months.”和“I’ve always done really 6 in school”可知，“我”在学校一直表现很好，在新学校“我”只能做四个月的六年级学生，故“我”不想搬到另一个国家阻止“我”发挥“我”的最佳水平。perform my best“尽我所能”。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很有信心，最终，我将能够走上舞台，成为前十的一员。A. confident自信的；B. lucky幸运的；C. happy快乐的；D. likely可能的。根据前文的“I made sure that my education was my first priority. I did all my work, turned things in on time, as well as studied for tests and quizzes.”可知，“我”确保“我”的教育是“我”的第一要务。“我”完成了所有的工作，按时交作业，并为考试和测验做准备。故“我”很有信心。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查介词和介词短语辨析。句意：然而，尽管我很努力，我发现我不能走上舞台，因为我没有参加一些具体的课程整整三年。A. because of因为；B. despite尽管；C. in terms of在……方面；D. considering考虑到。根据前文的“my hard work, I found out that I could not be on 10 ”可知，前后句意存在转折让步关系，应用despite。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管我很努力，我发现我不能走上舞台，因为我没有参加一些具体的课程整整三年了。A. this这个；B. them它们；C. it它；D. myself我自己。根据前文的“I would be able to go on stage and be part of the top ten.”可知，“我”以为“我”将能够走上舞台，成为前十的一员，但是我却不能走上舞台。这里的it指代上文的stage。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始上高中时，我仍然把那种失望藏在心里。A. disappointment失望；B. excitement兴奋；C. agreement协议；D. moment片刻。根据前文的“However, 9 my hard work, I found out that I could not be on 10 ”可知，“我”一直没有成为前十的一员，“我”很失望。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仍然不敢相信我这么努力，但我的努力没有得到回报。A. go off离开；B. fall off脱落；C. put off推迟；D. pay off成功。根据前文的“I worked so hard on something but my hard work”可知，“我”的努力没有得到回报，“我”没有成功。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始把更多的时间和精力放在学习上，我看到我的成绩每天都在提高。A. adding增加；B. taking取；C. putting放置；D. paying支付。根据后文的“more time and effort into my studies”可知，“我”开始把更多的时间和精力放在学习上。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，我为自己的成绩感到骄傲，并很兴奋地把它们展示给我的父母。A. disappointed失望；B. excited激发；C. depressed抑郁的；D. embarrassed尴尬。根据前文的“I saw improvement in my grades day by day. In the last year, I was so proud of my grades”可知，“我”看到“我”的成绩每天都在提高。在过去的一年里，“我”为自己的成绩感到骄傲，所以给父母展示成绩的时候很兴奋。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我在学校做得很好，我正在努力。A. know知道；B. tell告诉；C. accept接受；D. enjoy喜爱，享受……的乐趣。根据后文的“the fact that I’m doing so well in school”可知，“我”在学校做得很好，所以我享受这种乐趣，高兴于这种感觉。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Known as the “father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous scientists, who considers himself a farmer despite his fame and influence. To tackle the crisis of food ____36____(short), he attended Southwest Agricultural College and ____37____(choose) to study agriculture. Then as a researcher, he was devoted to ____38____(find) an approach to boosting yields. Yuan ____39____(convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. Having overcome enormous difficulties, he developed the first hybrid rice in the world ____40____ could be used for farming in 1974, which made it possible to expand ____41____(farmer) output greatly. Thanks ____42____ his great contributions, he has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him ____43____(wealth), one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. As ____44____ unique man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity _____45_____ money. Instead, he makes large donation to support agricultural researching.
【答案】36. shortage
37. chose 38. finding
39. was convinced
40. that 41. farmers’ 42. to
43. wealthy 44. a 45. or
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了应对粮食短缺危机，他进入西南农学院学习农业。空格处用名词作宾语，short的名词是shortage，food shortage意为“粮食短缺”，故填shortage。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：为了应对粮食短缺危机，他进入西南农学院学习农业。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填chose。
【38题详解】
考查动名词。句意：之后，作为一名研究人员，他致力于寻找提高产量的方法。be devoted to意为“致力于”，to是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填finding。
【39题详解】
考查时态，固定短语和主谓一致。句意：袁隆平相信，在杂交水稻的发明中可以找到答案。be convinced that...是固定句式，意为“相信”，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，Yuan是单数，因此空格处是was convinced，故填was convinced。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他克服了巨大的困难，于1974年研制出了世界上第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻，大大提高了农民的产量。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“hybrid rice”是物，且被序数词first修饰，因此只能用关系代词that，故填that。
【41题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：他克服了巨大困难，于1974年研制出了世界上第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻，大大提高了农民的产量。farmer是可数名词，不止一个，需用复数，farmer和output之间是所属关系，因此用名词所有格farmers’，故填farmers’。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：由于他的巨大贡献，他在国内外获得了无数奖项。thanks to是固定短语，意为“多亏，由于”，故填to。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：考虑到袁隆平的混血儿让他变得富有，人们可能会认为他会退休，过上悠闲的生活。空格处用形容词作宾语补足语，wealth的形容词是wealthy，意为“富有的”，故填wealthy。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：作为一个独特的乡下人，他不在乎名声和金钱。man是可数名词，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，unique是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故填a。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：作为一个独特的乡下人，他不在乎名声和金钱。根据语境可知，句子表示“他不在乎名声和金钱”，否定句中的“和”用or，故填or。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 学生进入高中以后，心理压力越来越大，身体也很虚弱。假设你是学生会主席李华，学校英文社团请你写一封倡议书，主题为“Run for Half an Hour Every Day”。
写作要点：1．提出倡议背景：2．倡议原因：3．提出呼吁。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．请按如下格式作答。
Run for Half an Hour Every Day
Dear fellow students.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The English Club
【答案】范文
Run for Half an Hour Every Day
Dear fellow students,
As we all know, the students in our school are under immerse pressure and their physical condition is greatly challenged. As president of the Students’ Union, I’d like to call on all the students in our school to run for half an hour every day. The reasons are as follows.
Firstly, running can make our body strong and lighten us up, refilling the energy to study more efficiently. Besides, fierce competition and study burden lead to students’ great anxiety, which will be relieved by running every day. Just have a try and you will find that it really works if you are anxious. Lastly, running is very easy to do as you can run anytime and anywhere. So whenever you have time, just leave your chair and go out to run.
It’s high time that you started running from now on and I’m sure your whole world will be brightened.
The English Club
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学生进入高中以后，心理压力越来越大，身体也很虚弱。要求考生以学生会主席李华的身份，按照要求为学校英文社团写一封倡议书。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：pressure→ stress
非常：greatly→ hugely
呼吁：call on→ appeal to
焦虑：anxiety→concern
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句/同义句转换/合并简单句
原句：As we all know, the students in our school are under immerse pressure and their physical condition is greatly challenged.
拓展句：It is known to all that the students in our school are under immerse pressure and their physical condition is greatly challenged.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we all know, the students in our school are under immerse pressure and their physical condition is greatly challenged.（运用了As引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Firstly, running can make our body strong and lighten us up, refilling the energy to study more efficiently. （运用了现在分词refilling作状语）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For nearly twenty years, my life was about two things: smoking cigarettes—and trying to quit smoking cigarettes.
When I married Cassie ten years ago, I threw my pack of cigarettes and swore I was quitting.
When we bought our first house eight years ago, I celebrated it by pulverizing (粉碎) my pack of cigarettes with my shoe heel.
When my son, Cole, was born five years ago, I threw my cigarettes into a garbage can.
I even began working out—running days a week, rain or shine. I lost forty pounds but I never was able to outrun those cigarettes.
You know cigarettes are deadly—but every cell in your body screams out for that nicotine. Then, one day the willpower I had lacked arrived from most unexpected place: an unclouded corner of my son’s mind.
As Cassie was driving Cole home from kindergarten, they passed a cemetery (墓地), which made the boy ask: “Mom, what’s under tombstones ”
Realizing there was no delicate answer, she frankly said, “Dead people.”
“Is that where Dad’s going to be because he smokes ” Cole asked. “I hope not,” Cassie replied. “Dad shouldn't smoke,” Cole said, his voice rising in anger. He kicked the back of the front seat. “Dad’s stupid for smoking. When I'm twenty, he’ll be dead.”
Cassie was speechless, shocked by Cole’s innocence. Then, just as quickly as he had exploded, Cole calmed down. “I hope he comes back as a ghost and talks to me,” he said peacefully. “Like Obi-Wan Kenobi did to Luke Skywalker in Star Wars.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I arrived home from work that evening, Cassie recounted the story to me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later that evening, I found Cole and said, “Cole, I’m going to quit smoking, but I need your help.”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible Version:
When I arrived home from work that evening, Cassie recounted the story to me. She stared right into my eyes and said：" Cole's come to terms with the fact that you won't be around. And if he can only have you as a ghost, that's what he'll take. "The words were a simple truth. Smoking could only lead to one conclusion, and when they placed me under that tombstone, life would have to go on without me. If I couldn't even fool my own five-year-old kid, why was I continuing to try to fool myself
Later that evening, I found Cole and said: “Cole, I’m going to quit smoking, but I you’re your help.” The seconds ticked by as he hatched his plan. Finally, he spoke. "Okay. Here’s what we'll do: every morning and every night, I'll tell you not to smoke.”Every time I had an urge to smoke, I fought it off with thoughts of tombstones and Obi-Wan Kenobi and a little boy trying desperately to help his old man out of a jam. So here I am, checking off the days that I've been cigarette-free. I know I have promise to keep and people to love.
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，讲述了我多次戒烟失败，但儿子的话深深地刺激了我，让我重新下定决心戒烟，并在儿子帮助下取得成效的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“那天晚上我下班回到家，凯西把事情的经过讲给我听。”可知，第一段可描写听了凯西转达科尔的话后，我的反思。
②由第二段首句内容“那天晚上晚些时候，我找到科尔说：‘科尔，我要戒烟，但我需要你的帮助。’”可知，第二段可描写科尔帮助我戒烟的过程和效果。
2.续写线索：科尔的话——深受感触——决定戒烟——向科尔寻求帮助——初见成效
3.词汇激
行为类
①.讲述：recount the story /tell the story /relate the story
②.继续：continue /go on
③.策划：hatch /plan
情绪类
①.冲动，欲望：an urge to smoke /a desire to smoke
【点睛】[高分句型1]. And if he can only have you as a ghost, that's what he'll take.（if引导的条件状语从句和what引导的表语从句）
[高分句型2]. Every time I had an urge to smoke, I fought it off with thoughts of tombstones and Obi-Wan Kenobi and a little boy trying desperately to help his old man out of a jam.（every time引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型3]. I know I have promise to keep and people to love.（省略连词that的宾语从句）辽宁省实验中学2023—2024学年度上学期12月月考测试
高一年级英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟 试题满分：150分
第一部分：听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题：从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the woman dissatisfied with about the gloves
A．The color. B．The material. C．The price.
2．How many people will have dinner with the man
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.
3．What instrument has the woman been learning
A．The piano. B．The violin. C．The guitar.
4．Where are probably the speakers
A．In the street. B．In a fruit shop. C．In a supermarket.
5．What is the man probably doing
A．Applying for a job. B．Hosting an interview. C．Asking for a promotion.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6．Why does the woman plan to meet David
A．To help him with his paper.
B．To borrow some books from him.
C．To invite him to a game.
7．How does the man sound in the end
A．Worried. B．Disappointed. C．Modest.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8．How is the woman’s business
A．It’s booming. B．It’s just so-so. C．It’s bad.
9．Why does the man buy flowers
A．For a wedding. B．For a birthday. C．For an anniversary.
10．What kind of flowers will the man buy
A．Lilies. B．Roses. C．Sunflowers.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
11．Where did the man go last summer
A．To the Mogao Caves. B．To Yumen Pass. C．To Crescent Spring.
12．Why does the man refuse to travel to Qingdao
A．He isn’t interested in it. B．It’s far away from his place.
C．He has been there before.
13．What does the woman suggest the man do
A．Look through a guidebook.
B．Seek advice from someone else.
C．Travel with his parents more often.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
14．Who is Harry
A．The woman’s student. B．The man’s classmate. C．The woman’s friend.
15．What is Harry’s nationality
A．American. B．Japanese. C．Chinese.
16．What is the man likely to do this Sunday evening
A．Taste Sichuan cuisine. B．Make zongzi. C．Go to Silver Lake.
17．What does the woman want the man to do next
A．Make a gift. B．Go shopping. C．Do the housework.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
18．Who is the speaker probably talking to
A．Primary school students. B．High school students. C．College students.
19．What do the volunteers need to do
A．Introduce good learning methods.
B．Be familiar with the history of the school.
C．Live on campus during the summer camp.
20．How can the listeners sign up to be the volunteers
A．By going to the student union office.
B．By filling out the form on the official website.
C．By making a phone call.
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As a qualified teacher of art and design Theresa Harwood offers short online courses on drawing and painting to help students both young and old develop into confident artists.
Academic drawing course
This course is for absolute beginners of any age who are not sure on what to do or how to use a pencil. The course will be limited to only six participants, 5 sessions, once a week.
Start date: June 5
Time:10:00 am～11:00 am
Price: $380
Water color painting course
This course is for anyone who is interested in developing skills for water colour painting. Through a series of 6 projects we learn wet on wet and wet on dry. The course will be limited to only twelve participants. 6 sessions, once a week.
Start date: April 23
Time:4:30 pm～5:30 pm
Price: $380
Landscape drawing course
This course is suitable for anyone from 11 to 90 years who are interested in developing skills for landscape drawing. The only requirement of the course is that you want to learn to draw! The course will be limited to only ten participants. 5 sessions, once a week.
Start date: May 24
Time:8:00 pm～9:00 pm
Price: $380
Western art history course
This course is for students, aged between 9 and 12 years. It looks at the fun facts of the key artworks of each art movement and explains why the artists painted certain views or people. The course will be limited to only eight participants. 6 sessions, once a week.
Start date: May 7
Time:10:30 am～11:30 am
Price: $380
These courses have limited spaces and are often sold out quickly, so do book your spot soon!
1. How many students are admitted for each academic drawing course
A. 6. B. 8. C. 10. D. 12.
2. When does the landscape drawing course start
A. On April 23. B. On May 7. C. On May 24. D. On June 5.
3. Which course just accepts schoolchildren
A. Water color painting. B. Western art history.
C. Landscape drawing. D. Academic drawing.
B
There is a curious love triangle that sits at the center of the new documentary Fire of Love. It’s between a man, a woman and a volcano. Well, all of them are volcanoes.
Their names might not be especially well-known today, but in the 1970s and ‘80s, French scientists Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft were very famous for their photographs and writings about the volcanoes. When they died in 1991 on Mount Unzen in Japan, their deaths were covered globally. But their story has somewhat faded in the public memory in the past three decades though Werner Herzog did spotlight them in his 2016 documentary Into the Inferno.
The Kraffts who first bonded over Mount Etna and Mount Stromboli and were married in 1970, witnessed about 140 eruptions on every continent except Antarctica and won an Emmy for their National Geographic documentary Mountains of Fire. They would famously drop everything to get to an active volcano, and were often the first on site. They were also known for their willingness to get dangerously close.
Filmmaker Sara Dosa once met the Kraffts while making an earlier film about Iceland many years ago. In 2020, with the help of Image’ Est, a French museum, and Maurice Krafft’s brother, Bertrand Krafft, Dosa and her team were able to get access to over 180 hours of footage shot by the Kraffts. So Dosa decided to make something about the Kraffts in the true spirit of the Kraffts.
“We wanted to let them play themselves. We see them as the authors of their own story,“ Dosa said. ”This is a co-creation, shot by them and starring them. We’re just stringing together the pieces of their life for the audience to connect with.”
However, Fire of Love is anything but a filmed Wikipedia(维基百科)page. Dosa and her team have drawn on the techniques of French New Wave films to help shape the style of their film, including playful multiple screens.
4. Where did Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft pass away
A. On Mount Etna. B. On Mount Stromboli.
C. On Mount Unzen. D. On Mount Krakatoa.
5. Why were the Kraffts considered as volcanoes
A. They were enthusiastic about studying volcanoes.
B. They were well-known for their short-lived marriage.
C. Their deaths were related to the biggest volcano.
D. Their love story appeared in many volcano books.
6. Who directed the film Fire of Love
A Bertrand Krafft. B. Sara Dosa. C. Werner Herzog. D. Katia Krafft.
7. What is the text
A. A love story. B. A biography. C. A documentary. D. A film review.
C
Just as our bodies produce waste every day—which is why we need to shower and use the toilet —our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF 脑髓液), was found to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours.
“This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake,” Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can’t think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night’s sleep leave s us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on October 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains’ self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated FMRI, which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular FMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”. This cycle coincided (巧合) with the rhythm of the brains’ slow waves — an electrical activity that happens when we’re in deep sleep.
It’s still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the me re fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer (阿尔兹海默症) often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. “Maybe the most important take-home message is that sleep is a serious thing,” she told Scientific American. “You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical housekeeping ‘function’.”
8. Why is the body waste mentioned at the beginning of the passage
A. To show the similarity between body and brain.
B. To explain the main components of brain waste.
C. To introduce the topic of passage through comparison.
D. To remind us of the necessity of regular body cleaning.
9. What can we learn from the passage
A. Slow brainwaves are caused by the brain cleaning process.
B. The diseased brains break down for not cleaning themselves.
C. Sleep is the most important factor for improving our memory.
D. Slow brainwaves and brain cleaning occur with identical frequency (频率).
10. Why are the findings of the new study important
A. They are based on more advanced technology.
B. They give us new insight into some brain diseases.
C. They confirm the connection between brain activities.
D. They reveal the process of brains cleaning themselves.
11. What is the passage mainly about
A. The self-cleaning function of human brains.
B. The importance of sleep at night for humans.
C. The cause and possible cures of diseased human brains.
D. The different states of human brains at daytime and night.
D
Be it sugar or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces a “feel-good” chemical called dopamine. It first brings about pleasure, but it doesn’t last very long. It is then followed by pain so that we have to search for the pleasurable things again.
“This cycle of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans when we had to constantly search for our basic needs-food, water, shelter,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School researcher. “But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life.”
In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. Otherwise, the cycle will lead us to anxiety, depression and many other problems.
“This is a universal problem—not one limited to those struggling with the disease of addiction. If we want to stay mentally healthy, we must rethink how to break the cycle in a dopamine-overloaded world,” says Lembke.
Her suggestions for the addicts
Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure. This doesn’t mean going cold turkey forever. But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. Then re-introduce the pleasurable things little by little, like just a few bites of ice cream at a time or just one hour online a night.
Another strategy is to create physical distance between us and our addiction. That could mean just removing the addictive thing from our personal space. For someone who’s addicted to video games, that could mean a separate laptop for work and one for play.
“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise,” Lembke says. “By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term.”
12. What can we learn about dopamine from the text
A. It has always been harmful to humans.
B. It gives us less joy for the same rewards.
C. It can be caused by anything available.
D. It can lead to a lasting good feeling.
13. What do the underlined words “going cold turkey” probably mean
A. Abandoning. B. Waiting. C. Cooking. D. Repeating.
14. What does Dr. Anna Lembke suggest we do in the long term
A. Avoid pleasure in life.
B. Set a strict limit on pleasurable things.
C. Change reward pathways.
D. Expose ourselves to repeated rewards.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Ways to Live With Dopamine in Peace
B. Tips on Getting Rid of Social Media Addiction
C. Strategies for Making Most of the Modern Life
D. The Need to Strike a Pleasure-pain Balance
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here are five common mistakes distance learners make.
Choosing the wrong school. ___16___ “Diploma mill” schools charge unsuspecting students thousands of dollars for worthless degrees, whereas trustworthy schools are able to give their students diploma they are proud of. Before you enroll in an online school, do some research to find out what type of program, resource and support will be provided.
Putting off things. Many students never finish their degrees because they lack the self-discipline and motivation to sit down and get their work done on a daily basis. ___17___ Many students have found it beneficial to create a deadline for receiving their degrees and set small monthly weekly, and daily goals that will allow them to reach that deadline.
Failing to connect with their peers and professors. ___18___ Building meaningful relationships with your peers and professors can allow you to learn more, stay motivated, and have a way to express your own understanding of the subject matter. So stay connected through message boards, chat rooms, email, and other virtual resources.
Scaring potential employers. More and more people are recognizing the validity (有效性) of online education. ___19___ Some potential employers may see warning signs if you announce that you have earned your degree through the Internet. Even if you attend a famous school, avoid calling attention to the fact that your studies are done online.
___20___ There’s a lot of online material available to help out students. Make sure you know where you can get the help you need. Be aware of the general resources such as virtual dictionaries, online books, and resources that relate to your specialized subject matter.
A. Paying too much.
B. Paying no attention to online resources.
C. However, be aware that it is not completely accepted by all people.
D. Many students attend an online course feeling as if it is very easy.
E. Selecting the right school is the biggest difficulty that distance learners face.
F. If you often put off your work, set some specific goals for yourself and stick to them.
G. One of the most rewarding experiences in education is learning through teamwork.
第三部分：语言知识运用
第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 2008, my family decided to migrate to the United States. ___21___, I had to leave the life I was accustomed to ___22___. I left my friends and most importantly, I left the ___23___ of graduating from elementary school as a valedictorian (毕业生代表). When I came to Guam, I started attending Benavente Middle School as a sixth grader. However, because I came ___24___,I only ___25___ be a sixth grader for four months.
I’ve always done really ___26___ in school and I did not want to move to a different country to stop me from ___27___ my best. I made sure that my education was my first priority. I did all my work, turned things in on time, as well as studied for tests and quizzes. I was ___28___ that finally, I would be able to go on stage and be part of the top ten. However, ___29___ my hard work, I found out that I could not be on ___30___ because I did not attend some specific lessons for the whole three years. Hearing this, I felt like all my hard work went to waste.
When I started going to high school, I still kept that ___31___ inside. I still could not believe that I worked so hard on something but my hard work didn’t ___32___. Finally, in Junior year, I decided to let things go and not dwell on the past. I started ___33___ more time and effort into my studies and I saw improvement in my grades day by day. In the last year, I was so proud of my grades and was ___34___ to show them to my parents. I ___35___ the fact that I’m doing so well in school and I’m trying my best. As they always say, everyone makes mistakes. The only difference is that some people learn from them while others repeat them.
21.
A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Furthermore
22.
A. behind B. out C. over D. on
23.
A. result B. risk C. chance D. state
24.
A. late B. early C. first D. last
25.
A. tried to B. intended to C. meant to D. had to
26.
A. badly B. poorly C. well D. hard
27.
A. studying B. performing C. learning D. putting
28.
A. confident B. lucky C. happy D. likely
29.
A. because of B. despite C. in terms of D. considering
30.
A. this B. them C. it D. myself
31
A. disappointment B. excitement C. agreement D. moment
32.
A. go off B. fall off C. put off D. pay off
33.
A. adding B. taking C. putting D. paying
34.
A. disappointed B. excited C. depressed D. embarrassed
35.
A. know B. tell C. accept D. enjoy
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Known as the “father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous scientists, who considers himself a farmer despite his fame and influence. To tackle the crisis of food ____36____(short), he attended Southwest Agricultural College and ____37____(choose) to study agriculture. Then as a researcher, he was devoted to ____38____(find) an approach to boosting yields. Yuan ____39____(convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. Having overcome enormous difficulties, he developed the first hybrid rice in the world ____40____ could be used for farming in 1974, which made it possible to expand ____41____(farmer) output greatly. Thanks ____42____ his great contributions, he has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him ____43____(wealth), one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. As ____44____ unique man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity _____45_____ money. Instead, he makes large donation to support agricultural researching.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 学生进入高中以后，心理压力越来越大，身体也很虚弱。假设你学生会主席李华，学校英文社团请你写一封倡议书，主题为“Run for Half an Hour Every Day”。
写作要点：1．提出倡议背景：2．倡议原因：3．提出呼吁。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．请按如下格式作答。
Run for Half an Hour Every Day
Dear fellow students.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The English Club
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For nearly twenty years, my life was about two things: smoking cigarettes—and trying to quit smoking cigarettes.
When I married Cassie ten years ago, I threw my pack of cigarettes and swore I was quitting.
When we bought our first house eight years ago, I celebrated it by pulverizing (粉碎) my pack of cigarettes with my shoe heel.
When my son, Cole, was born five years ago, I threw my cigarettes into a garbage can.
I even began working out—running days a week, rain or shine. I lost forty pounds but I never was able to outrun those cigarettes.
You know cigarettes are deadly—but every cell in your body screams out for that nicotine. Then, one day the willpower I had lacked arrived from most unexpected place: an unclouded corner of my son’s mind.
As Cassie was driving Cole home from kindergarten, they passed a cemetery (墓地), which made the boy ask: “Mom, what’s under tombstones ”
Realizing there was no delicate answer, she frankly said, “Dead people.”
“Is that where Dad’s going to be because he smokes ” Cole asked. “I hope not,” Cassie replied. “Dad shouldn't smoke,” Cole said, his voice rising in anger. He kicked the back of the front seat. “Dad’s stupid for smoking. When I'm twenty, he’ll be dead.”
Cassie was speechless, shocked by Cole’s innocence. Then, just as quickly as he had exploded, Cole calmed down. “I hope he comes back as a ghost and talks to me,” he said peacefully. “Like Obi-Wan Kenobi did to Luke Skywalker in Star Wars.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I arrived home from work that evening, Cassie recounted the story to me.
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Later that evening, I found Cole and said, “Cole, I’m going to quit smoking, but I need your help.”
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