人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 课件(共37张PPT，内镶嵌视频)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 课件(共37张PPT，内镶嵌视频) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 16.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-10 08:52:20 | ||
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(共37张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(I)
新 课 导 入
视频：一分钟了解霍乱弧菌
1.通过阅读，了解约翰·斯诺是如何打败“霍乱王”的，并能理解质疑精神在科学研究中的重要作用；
2.能归纳词缀，并能使用构词法整理、记忆词汇。
课 堂 学 习
Look at the picture, the title and the map, guess what the content of the text is. Then skim it quickly to see if you are right.
Pre reading
_______analyse the results _______ask a question _______draw a conclusion
_______collect data _______find a problem _______find supporting evidence _______think of a method
Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in
1
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS "KING CHOLERA"
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,
until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be
overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration,
and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak
of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Fast reading
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37,38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Para.1
Para. 2
Para. 4
Para. 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map.
Truth of the infection of cholera
Snow's contributions
Para. 3
Match each topic sentence with its paragraph.
Stages Key words or sentences
1. two contradictory theories
2. in two particular street the cholera was so severe ..... find out why
3. marking on the map
4. houses number 16,37,38 and 40; 20 and 21; 8 and 9
5. multiple death near the water pump;
some houses had no death.
6. a woman and her daughter had died,
the woman liked the water.... had it delivered to her house
7. John Snow announced that the pump water carried cholera germs.
analyse the results
ask a question
draw a conclusion
collect data
find supporting evidence
think of a method
find a problem
Skim the passage to see if the order you decided in Activity 1 was correct.
2
Careful reading
Read Para 1 carefully and answer the questions.
1. Why was the disease called “King Cholera”
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,which caused severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. And when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.
Read Para 2 carefully and answer the questions.
1.How did doctors think Cholera spread
2.What was Snow's opinion about the theories
In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
Snow subscribed to the second theory, but he still needed proof.
Read Para 2 and 3 again to complete the chart.
It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ________ or germs in __________.
A
Snow ______________ the places where the people who _________ had lived.
B
Many deaths occurred near the _________ in Broad Street.
Some people ________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ______________
__________________.
C
The pump water carried _____________.
The __________ of the pump was removed.
D
E
air
food or water
died
marked on a map
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
handle
Read Para 4 carefully and answer the questions.
1.What caused cholera's outbreak in the Broad Street
2.How were people infected with the virus of cholera
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
1 conclusion____ 2 evidence______ 3 process______
4 solution______ 5 theories______
D
E
B
A
C
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
4
Write out the questions according to the answers.
5
1 Q: What______________________
A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.
2 Q: Why__________________________________________
A: Snow had the handle from the pump removed so that it could not be used.
3 Q: How_____________________________
A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.
caused the cholera
did Snow have the handle of the pump removed
was the cholera threat defeated
Ask questions
One way to approach a reading passage is to ask questions about it. Asking questions can help you understand the content. It can also help you think more deeply about the topic.
1. What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera What common medical tools, e.g., a microscope, didn't he use Why
2. How has John Snow's work affected our daily lives
In groups, discuss the following questions.
6
Maps and statistics. He didn't use the common medical tools such as a microscope was because they didn’t exist during his time. Further, understanding of germs and bacteria was still developing, and so he had to innovate methods himself based on the theory he believed.
His work can protect people from being killed by the severe disease. Further more, it told us we should protect our environment from being polluted.
人教 选择性必修第二册
Unit 1
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(II)
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
1.【教材原句】Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
【句式分析】
until 引导时间状语从句， how 引导宾语从句。
until “直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；
not … until “直到……才”，主句谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。
【归纳拓展】not…until的用法
强调句：It wasn’t until +从句/表时间的词 that ＋ 主句
倒装结构：Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+其他
单句语法填空
1. The sports meet will not be held until next week.
→ ____ ____ next week ____ the sports meet be held.
Not until will
Language points
2. 【教材原句】This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。
【词汇精讲】
severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的；严厉的;苛刻的
【词汇拓展】
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
severe weather 恶劣的天气
severe looks 严肃的表情
severe disease 严重的疾病
3. 【教材原句】In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。
【词汇精讲】die from 死于(某种外部原因)
【词汇拓展】
die away (声音、风或光) 逐渐消失
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
die of 因……而死(疾病、过度悲伤等内部原因)
die out 灭绝；消失
by dying for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/ 做某事
4.【教材原句】Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。
【词汇精讲】
infection n. 感染；传染
【词汇拓展】
infect vt. 使感染；传染
be infected with 感染上……，传染上……
infectious adj. 感染的，传染性的
单句语法填空
(1)White blood cells fight _________(infect).
(2)Every year，there are people unlucky enough to be infected _____the flu.
infection
with
5. 【教材原句】Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【词汇精讲】
subscribe vt.认购(股份);定期交纳(会费);同意;捐助
【词汇拓展】
subscribe to 订阅
subscribe to the view/theory 同意观点/理论
subscribe for 预定;认购
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
take out a subscription 办理订阅
cancel/ renew a subscription 退订/ 续订
单句语法填空
How many shares did you subscribe the new company
for
6. 【教材原句】He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
【句式分析】
so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
【温馨提示】
在“so…that…”和“such…that…”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
7.【教材原句】Snow suspected① that the water pump was to blame②.斯诺怀疑水泵是元凶。
①【词汇精讲】 suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人
【词汇拓展】
suspect sb/sth of...怀疑某人/某事……
suspect sb of doing...怀疑某人做……
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
【温馨提示】常用“vt.+ sb. + of sth.”短语
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为)
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事
②【词汇精讲】
blame v.责备; 指责; 把……归咎于 n.责任; 责备; 指责
be to blame 应承担责任；该受责备
【词汇拓展】
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for 应承担……的责任；因……该受责备
accept/ bear/ take blame for 对某事负责；承担责任
put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上
【温馨提示】
sb. be to blame for sth意为“某人应为某事负责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
8.【教材原句】It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much... 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水……
【句式精讲】
It seems that/as if... 看来……；似乎……
【归纳拓展】
It turns out that... 结果是……；原来是……
It appears that... 看来……；似乎是……
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……
It happens that... 碰巧……
完成句子
(1)________________（在我看来） that you disagree on the plan.
(2)________________（碰巧）the harvest was bad that year.
It seems to me
It happened that
9.【教材原句】Accordingly, he had the handle① of the pump removed so that② it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
【词汇精讲】handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物等)
【句式分析】
so that 是从属连词，在此用来引导目的状语从句。意义为“为了；以便”， 可用 in order that 从句来替换。这种从句的谓语动词一般要和情态动词can / could / may / might等连用。
【温馨提示】
so that 引导结果状语从句时， 意义为“结果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不与情态动词连用，有时可用逗号与主句隔开，有时则不用。这种从句可用 so … that … 从句来转换。
10.【教材原句】Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的工作,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
【词汇精讲】thanks to 幸亏，由于
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
11.【教材原句】...Snow transformed① the way scientists study diseases…② … 斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
①【词汇精讲】
transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变
【词汇拓展】
transform...into... 使……变成……
transform...from...into... 把……从……变成……
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
②【句式分析】本句是
主从复合句。scientists study diseases 是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【归纳拓展】 the way 后跟定语从句
在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way 作先行词时有以下三种情况：
（1）关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用 in which，that 或省略。
e.g.During those times，music can help you in the same way（that/in which） it helped me.
（2）关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用 that 或 which。
e.g.He found a way which/that led to success.
（3）关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用 that，which 或省略。
e.g.The way（that/which） he told me sounds ridiculous，but I will give it a try.
Prefix Words Prefix Words Suffix Words Suffix Words
re- micro- -ory -ial
dis- trans- -ion -ology
remove,
replace,
reuse
discover,
disable,
disappear
microscope,
microwave,
microphone
transform,
transport,
transplant
contradictory,
advisory,
compulsory
infection,
action,
relation
substantial,
partial,
financial
epidemiology,
biology,
sociology
Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes.Then add two words for each prefix or suffix, and explain their meanings.
4
1 Many scientists ____________ the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
2 He was to _________ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
3 The man ____________ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
4 Since heart disease is often _________ our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
subscribe suspect blame link
to of for
subscribe to
blame for
suspected of
linked to
Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right. Then complete the sentences using these phrases.
2
raw a household name substantial statistics handle
Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box.
3
1.It is not unusual for an athlete to be well-known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.
2.I'm sure she’ll deal with the changes very well because she's very adaptable.
3.He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooked yet.
4.He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.
5.Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory.
a household name
handle
raw
substantial
statistics
British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body's cells that is to __________ for the spread of cold-causing virus.Targeting the host rather than the __________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing virus are not only of __________ kinds, they also __________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directy into one's lungs, to __________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made __________ advances in their research, further __________ needed to make sure such drugs are not so __________ that they harm the body.
infection multiple decrease severe
transform proof blame substantial
blame
infection
multiple
transform
decrease
substantial
proof
severe
Read this passage about medical plete it using the words below.
4
Retell how John Snow defeated cholera.
Unit 1
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(I)
新 课 导 入
视频：一分钟了解霍乱弧菌
1.通过阅读，了解约翰·斯诺是如何打败“霍乱王”的，并能理解质疑精神在科学研究中的重要作用；
2.能归纳词缀，并能使用构词法整理、记忆词汇。
课 堂 学 习
Look at the picture, the title and the map, guess what the content of the text is. Then skim it quickly to see if you are right.
Pre reading
_______analyse the results _______ask a question _______draw a conclusion
_______collect data _______find a problem _______find supporting evidence _______think of a method
Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in
1
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS "KING CHOLERA"
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,
until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be
overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration,
and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak
of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Fast reading
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37,38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Para.1
Para. 2
Para. 4
Para. 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map.
Truth of the infection of cholera
Snow's contributions
Para. 3
Match each topic sentence with its paragraph.
Stages Key words or sentences
1. two contradictory theories
2. in two particular street the cholera was so severe ..... find out why
3. marking on the map
4. houses number 16,37,38 and 40; 20 and 21; 8 and 9
5. multiple death near the water pump;
some houses had no death.
6. a woman and her daughter had died,
the woman liked the water.... had it delivered to her house
7. John Snow announced that the pump water carried cholera germs.
analyse the results
ask a question
draw a conclusion
collect data
find supporting evidence
think of a method
find a problem
Skim the passage to see if the order you decided in Activity 1 was correct.
2
Careful reading
Read Para 1 carefully and answer the questions.
1. Why was the disease called “King Cholera”
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,which caused severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. And when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.
Read Para 2 carefully and answer the questions.
1.How did doctors think Cholera spread
2.What was Snow's opinion about the theories
In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
Snow subscribed to the second theory, but he still needed proof.
Read Para 2 and 3 again to complete the chart.
It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ________ or germs in __________.
A
Snow ______________ the places where the people who _________ had lived.
B
Many deaths occurred near the _________ in Broad Street.
Some people ________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ______________
__________________.
C
The pump water carried _____________.
The __________ of the pump was removed.
D
E
air
food or water
died
marked on a map
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
handle
Read Para 4 carefully and answer the questions.
1.What caused cholera's outbreak in the Broad Street
2.How were people infected with the virus of cholera
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
1 conclusion____ 2 evidence______ 3 process______
4 solution______ 5 theories______
D
E
B
A
C
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
4
Write out the questions according to the answers.
5
1 Q: What______________________
A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.
2 Q: Why__________________________________________
A: Snow had the handle from the pump removed so that it could not be used.
3 Q: How_____________________________
A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.
caused the cholera
did Snow have the handle of the pump removed
was the cholera threat defeated
Ask questions
One way to approach a reading passage is to ask questions about it. Asking questions can help you understand the content. It can also help you think more deeply about the topic.
1. What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera What common medical tools, e.g., a microscope, didn't he use Why
2. How has John Snow's work affected our daily lives
In groups, discuss the following questions.
6
Maps and statistics. He didn't use the common medical tools such as a microscope was because they didn’t exist during his time. Further, understanding of germs and bacteria was still developing, and so he had to innovate methods himself based on the theory he believed.
His work can protect people from being killed by the severe disease. Further more, it told us we should protect our environment from being polluted.
人教 选择性必修第二册
Unit 1
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(II)
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
1.【教材原句】Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
【句式分析】
until 引导时间状语从句， how 引导宾语从句。
until “直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；
not … until “直到……才”，主句谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。
【归纳拓展】not…until的用法
强调句：It wasn’t until +从句/表时间的词 that ＋ 主句
倒装结构：Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+其他
单句语法填空
1. The sports meet will not be held until next week.
→ ____ ____ next week ____ the sports meet be held.
Not until will
Language points
2. 【教材原句】This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。
【词汇精讲】
severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的；严厉的;苛刻的
【词汇拓展】
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
severe weather 恶劣的天气
severe looks 严肃的表情
severe disease 严重的疾病
3. 【教材原句】In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。
【词汇精讲】die from 死于(某种外部原因)
【词汇拓展】
die away (声音、风或光) 逐渐消失
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
die of 因……而死(疾病、过度悲伤等内部原因)
die out 灭绝；消失
by dying for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/ 做某事
4.【教材原句】Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。
【词汇精讲】
infection n. 感染；传染
【词汇拓展】
infect vt. 使感染；传染
be infected with 感染上……，传染上……
infectious adj. 感染的，传染性的
单句语法填空
(1)White blood cells fight _________(infect).
(2)Every year，there are people unlucky enough to be infected _____the flu.
infection
with
5. 【教材原句】Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【词汇精讲】
subscribe vt.认购(股份);定期交纳(会费);同意;捐助
【词汇拓展】
subscribe to 订阅
subscribe to the view/theory 同意观点/理论
subscribe for 预定;认购
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
take out a subscription 办理订阅
cancel/ renew a subscription 退订/ 续订
单句语法填空
How many shares did you subscribe the new company
for
6. 【教材原句】He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
【句式分析】
so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
【温馨提示】
在“so…that…”和“such…that…”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
7.【教材原句】Snow suspected① that the water pump was to blame②.斯诺怀疑水泵是元凶。
①【词汇精讲】 suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人
【词汇拓展】
suspect sb/sth of...怀疑某人/某事……
suspect sb of doing...怀疑某人做……
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
【温馨提示】常用“vt.+ sb. + of sth.”短语
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为)
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事
②【词汇精讲】
blame v.责备; 指责; 把……归咎于 n.责任; 责备; 指责
be to blame 应承担责任；该受责备
【词汇拓展】
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for 应承担……的责任；因……该受责备
accept/ bear/ take blame for 对某事负责；承担责任
put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上
【温馨提示】
sb. be to blame for sth意为“某人应为某事负责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
8.【教材原句】It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much... 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水……
【句式精讲】
It seems that/as if... 看来……；似乎……
【归纳拓展】
It turns out that... 结果是……；原来是……
It appears that... 看来……；似乎是……
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……
It happens that... 碰巧……
完成句子
(1)________________（在我看来） that you disagree on the plan.
(2)________________（碰巧）the harvest was bad that year.
It seems to me
It happened that
9.【教材原句】Accordingly, he had the handle① of the pump removed so that② it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
【词汇精讲】handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物等)
【句式分析】
so that 是从属连词，在此用来引导目的状语从句。意义为“为了；以便”， 可用 in order that 从句来替换。这种从句的谓语动词一般要和情态动词can / could / may / might等连用。
【温馨提示】
so that 引导结果状语从句时， 意义为“结果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不与情态动词连用，有时可用逗号与主句隔开，有时则不用。这种从句可用 so … that … 从句来转换。
10.【教材原句】Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的工作,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
【词汇精讲】thanks to 幸亏，由于
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
11.【教材原句】...Snow transformed① the way scientists study diseases…② … 斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
①【词汇精讲】
transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变
【词汇拓展】
transform...into... 使……变成……
transform...from...into... 把……从……变成……
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
②【句式分析】本句是
主从复合句。scientists study diseases 是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【归纳拓展】 the way 后跟定语从句
在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way 作先行词时有以下三种情况：
（1）关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用 in which，that 或省略。
e.g.During those times，music can help you in the same way（that/in which） it helped me.
（2）关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用 that 或 which。
e.g.He found a way which/that led to success.
（3）关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用 that，which 或省略。
e.g.The way（that/which） he told me sounds ridiculous，but I will give it a try.
Prefix Words Prefix Words Suffix Words Suffix Words
re- micro- -ory -ial
dis- trans- -ion -ology
remove,
replace,
reuse
discover,
disable,
disappear
microscope,
microwave,
microphone
transform,
transport,
transplant
contradictory,
advisory,
compulsory
infection,
action,
relation
substantial,
partial,
financial
epidemiology,
biology,
sociology
Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes.Then add two words for each prefix or suffix, and explain their meanings.
4
1 Many scientists ____________ the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
2 He was to _________ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
3 The man ____________ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
4 Since heart disease is often _________ our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
subscribe suspect blame link
to of for
subscribe to
blame for
suspected of
linked to
Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right. Then complete the sentences using these phrases.
2
raw a household name substantial statistics handle
Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box.
3
1.It is not unusual for an athlete to be well-known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.
2.I'm sure she’ll deal with the changes very well because she's very adaptable.
3.He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooked yet.
4.He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.
5.Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory.
a household name
handle
raw
substantial
statistics
British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body's cells that is to __________ for the spread of cold-causing virus.Targeting the host rather than the __________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing virus are not only of __________ kinds, they also __________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directy into one's lungs, to __________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made __________ advances in their research, further __________ needed to make sure such drugs are not so __________ that they harm the body.
infection multiple decrease severe
transform proof blame substantial
blame
infection
multiple
transform
decrease
substantial
proof
severe
Read this passage about medical plete it using the words below.
4
Retell how John Snow defeated cholera.