(共26张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 5
Assessing Your Progress
新 课 导 入
Review
Say the meaning of these words or phrases as quickly as possible!
contradictory
once and for all
in charge of
substantial
severe
abstract
brilliant
come down
shadow
blame
infection
gifted
pure
1.通过相关练习，复习巩固表语从句以及本单元重点单词
和短语的用法；
2.能学会“打破常规”，设计一个不寻常的发明；
3. 通过观看视频了解科学探索的重要性。
课 堂 学 习
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words below.
1
brilliant solid microscope finding contradictory gift astronomer theory
The scientist's main task is to discover how things work in the universe. But few scientists have placed themselves under the __________. So even though the ______ scientific method, which mainly includes hypotheses, data collection, and statistical analysis, is written down, the method by which scientists come to ____ conclusions is hard to identify. Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity. People who are curious usually have a mixture of seemingly ___________ desires:
microscope
brilliant
solid
contradictory
They are looking for originality and yet they also want everything in its proper place. To settle the conflict between statistics and ______, scientists often have to be creative, and think outside the box-approach the problem from different directions. They must have a vivid imagination and a strong intuition in order for new _______ to be made. It echoes something the __________ Carl Sagan once said. He believes that every child "starts out as a scientist" and every child is ______ with the "sense of wonder and awe".
theory
findings
astronomer
gifted
adj. 生动的；鲜明的
come to solid conclusions 得出确凿的结论
be gifted with 有天赋
think outside the box 跳出框框思考
have a mixture of 混合
have a vivid imagination 有丰富的想象力
have a strong intuition 有很强的直觉
sense of wonder and awe 好奇敬畏之感
Fill in each blank with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause.
2
Science is simply ____ you can do. And doing science makes you a scientist! So, what do scientists do Actually, what matters is not only _____ they observe in the world around them and what questions they ask, but also _____ they use evidence or data to answer the questions. They identify useful data and take new measurements. Some of the key issues that scientists face are ____ calculations they do and ____ they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask. The final issue, which many believe to be the most important, is _____ they need to communicate their results. This is ______ they want everyone to benefit from their work! It seems _______ science is all around us. You see, by doing science, scientists get a better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world.
what
what
how
how
what
why
because
that/as if
Summary
放在be, seem, appear等连系动词之后充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
【注意】
1) 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序。
2) 表语从句的引导词that无实际意义, 但不能省略。
3) 表语从句只能用whether, 而不能用if 引导。
4) The reason … is because that …
The reason … is that …
This/It/That is because …
※ Project: Think outside the box
Most great scientists have the ability to see the world in ways that other people do not, and to come up with new ideas the other people have never thought of. In many cases, this has caused other people to think that they are crazy at first. However, that thinking ability is important to their creative process.
Look at the pictures and discuss what they are.
solar panel hat
intelligent robot dog
powered rocket
roller skates
biodynamic fan
goldfish shark-fin
Discuss these questions in groups.
1
1. What is the purpose of each invention
2. Why is the invention unusual
Choose one of the inventions, and brainstorm as many reasons as you can to explain how and why the invention is useful.
2
To build up goldfish's swimming speed.
To help goldfish into deep water.
To attract other goldfish's attention better.
Divide the following tasks within your group：
3
■ write down ideas for the invention
■ serve as the presenter for the product/invention
■ make props and pictures for the invention
Create your product and present it to your class.
4
Presenter: Does your goldfish suffer from low self-confidence Is he afraid to go out into deep water Do female goldfish refuse to return his calls Then you can buy him our new Goldfish Shark-Fin! For just 999 yuan, you can turn your goldfish into a real go-getter!
Woman: Since I bought the Goldfish Shark-Fin for my Henry, he has turned into a new fish! Now he swims with the big fish! I'm so proud of him!
Presenter: You too can change the life of your fish! For just 999 yuan! Hurry! Buy it today!
EXAMPLE
Sample
Presenter: Do you have trouble getting to class on time Feel tired of walking to work Do you need some more zip in your step Then try our new Rocket Roller Skates. Just strap on the rocket pack, put on your AI self-driving roller skates, and you're off!
Man: Since I bought the Rocket Roller Skates. I am never late for anything. And the AI self-driving system is a dream! I can even take a nap while zipping through traffic. It's such a dream!
Presenter: You don't ever have to be late again! For just 999 yuan! Hurry! Buy it today before supplies run out!
As a class, vote on the best product/invention.
5
※ Video Time
Why is it important to explore
Some scientists, researchers, and explorers were asked the qestion, "Why is it important to explore " This video gives their answers.
Before you watch
Answer the following questions.
1. What is the person doing in the picture
He is an astronaut and he might be exploring space.
2. Why do people explore space
Human beings have always been curious about what’s out there.
What do you think you will see in the video Tick the items that you think will be mentioned.
□ airplane □ butterfly □city □ computer
□ diver □fog □ horse □ polar bear
□ship □ submarine □ volcano □whale
While you watch
Check your answers from Before You Watch.
2. Complete these quotes with the words you hear in the video.
1 Emily Ainsworth: "It's part of human nature to _________ and to
________________ about the world."
2 Juan Martinez: "It's where you find _______, where you find new things,
______________.”
3 Lee Berger: "We think we know ________, but we don't. We think we
know _________, but we don't. We think we understand ______________,
but we don't."
4 Catherine Workman:“___________ what's out there, ____________
what's out there.
5 Cory Richards: "And if we have more to care about, then we engage
more fully _____________ and more fully ___________________, and
we act-you know-________.”
be curious
want to learn more
yourself
where you grow
this place
ourselves
how things work
By knowing
we care about
with our world
with our human family
with love
3. Match the descriptions on the left with the words on the right.
1 a first flight A fish
2 used to explore an inaccessible place B frog
3 a new species C polar bear
4 eight new species D butterfly with a tag
5 a natural alarm clock E drone
After you watch
Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Of the explorations in the video, which seems the most important
Which seems the most interesting Why
The most important is the one with the butterflies, because butterflies are easily affected by climate and pollution, and so their lives can tell us a lot about how the world is doing. The most interesting is the cave diving where they found the animal bones. It just seems so strange and mysterious, and one would not expect to find bones there.
2 Why is it important to explore, in your opinion
3 How would you like to explore our world Why
I think it is important to explore because exploration is a part of human growth, both as an individual and society. Through exploration, we develop ourselves. Our interests and curiosity cause us to learn, to improve, and to be better.
I would like to visit places with my camera and take photos of interesting places and people, as I enjoy photography and love travelling and finding out about new cultures.
REFLECTING
What new ideas did you learn about science and scientists from this unit
What new vocabulary and structures did you learn in this unit How well can you use them Did you use any of them in your language activities
Do you think the “asking questions” strategy was useful in understanding the texts
What problems did you or your friends have with this unit How did you solve the problems What advice did you give each other
Overall, I thought this unit was ◎ inspiring ◎interesting ◎so-so ◎difficult.(共37张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(I)
新 课 导 入
视频：一分钟了解霍乱弧菌
1.通过阅读，了解约翰·斯诺是如何打败“霍乱王”的，并能理解质疑精神在科学研究中的重要作用；
2.能归纳词缀，并能使用构词法整理、记忆词汇。
课 堂 学 习
Look at the picture, the title and the map, guess what the content of the text is. Then skim it quickly to see if you are right.
Pre reading
_______analyse the results _______ask a question _______draw a conclusion
_______collect data _______find a problem _______find supporting evidence _______think of a method
Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in
1
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS "KING CHOLERA"
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,
until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be
overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration,
and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak
of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Fast reading
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37,38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Para.1
Para. 2
Para. 4
Para. 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map.
Truth of the infection of cholera
Snow's contributions
Para. 3
Match each topic sentence with its paragraph.
Stages Key words or sentences
1. two contradictory theories
2. in two particular street the cholera was so severe ..... find out why
3. marking on the map
4. houses number 16,37,38 and 40; 20 and 21; 8 and 9
5. multiple death near the water pump;
some houses had no death.
6. a woman and her daughter had died,
the woman liked the water.... had it delivered to her house
7. John Snow announced that the pump water carried cholera germs.
analyse the results
ask a question
draw a conclusion
collect data
find supporting evidence
think of a method
find a problem
Skim the passage to see if the order you decided in Activity 1 was correct.
2
Careful reading
Read Para 1 carefully and answer the questions.
1. Why was the disease called “King Cholera”
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,which caused severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. And when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.
Read Para 2 carefully and answer the questions.
1.How did doctors think Cholera spread
2.What was Snow's opinion about the theories
In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
Snow subscribed to the second theory, but he still needed proof.
Read Para 2 and 3 again to complete the chart.
It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ________ or germs in __________.
A
Snow ______________ the places where the people who _________ had lived.
B
Many deaths occurred near the _________ in Broad Street.
Some people ________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ______________
__________________.
C
The pump water carried _____________.
The __________ of the pump was removed.
D
E
air
food or water
died
marked on a map
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
handle
Read Para 4 carefully and answer the questions.
1.What caused cholera's outbreak in the Broad Street
2.How were people infected with the virus of cholera
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
1 conclusion____ 2 evidence______ 3 process______
4 solution______ 5 theories______
D
E
B
A
C
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
4
Write out the questions according to the answers.
5
1 Q: What______________________
A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.
2 Q: Why__________________________________________
A: Snow had the handle from the pump removed so that it could not be used.
3 Q: How_____________________________
A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.
caused the cholera
did Snow have the handle of the pump removed
was the cholera threat defeated
Ask questions
One way to approach a reading passage is to ask questions about it. Asking questions can help you understand the content. It can also help you think more deeply about the topic.
1. What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera What common medical tools, e.g., a microscope, didn't he use Why
2. How has John Snow's work affected our daily lives
In groups, discuss the following questions.
6
Maps and statistics. He didn't use the common medical tools such as a microscope was because they didn’t exist during his time. Further, understanding of germs and bacteria was still developing, and so he had to innovate methods himself based on the theory he believed.
His work can protect people from being killed by the severe disease. Further more, it told us we should protect our environment from being polluted.
人教 选择性必修第二册
Unit 1
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(II)
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
1.【教材原句】Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
【句式分析】
until 引导时间状语从句， how 引导宾语从句。
until “直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；
not … until “直到……才”，主句谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。
【归纳拓展】not…until的用法
强调句：It wasn’t until +从句/表时间的词 that ＋ 主句
倒装结构：Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+其他
单句语法填空
1. The sports meet will not be held until next week.
→ ____ ____ next week ____ the sports meet be held.
Not until will
Language points
2. 【教材原句】This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.这种疾病可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。
【词汇精讲】
severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的；严厉的;苛刻的
【词汇拓展】
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
severe weather 恶劣的天气
severe looks 严肃的表情
severe disease 严重的疾病
3. 【教材原句】In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。
【词汇精讲】die from 死于(某种外部原因)
【词汇拓展】
die away (声音、风或光) 逐渐消失
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
die of 因……而死(疾病、过度悲伤等内部原因)
die out 灭绝；消失
by dying for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/ 做某事
4.【教材原句】Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。
【词汇精讲】
infection n. 感染；传染
【词汇拓展】
infect vt. 使感染；传染
be infected with 感染上……，传染上……
infectious adj. 感染的，传染性的
单句语法填空
(1)White blood cells fight _________(infect).
(2)Every year，there are people unlucky enough to be infected _____the flu.
infection
with
5. 【教材原句】Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【词汇精讲】
subscribe vt.认购(股份);定期交纳(会费);同意;捐助
【词汇拓展】
subscribe to 订阅
subscribe to the view/theory 同意观点/理论
subscribe for 预定;认购
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
take out a subscription 办理订阅
cancel/ renew a subscription 退订/ 续订
单句语法填空
How many shares did you subscribe the new company
for
6. 【教材原句】He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
【句式分析】
so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
【温馨提示】
在“so…that…”和“such…that…”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
7.【教材原句】Snow suspected① that the water pump was to blame②.斯诺怀疑水泵是元凶。
①【词汇精讲】 suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人
【词汇拓展】
suspect sb/sth of...怀疑某人/某事……
suspect sb of doing...怀疑某人做……
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
【温馨提示】常用“vt.+ sb. + of sth.”短语
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为)
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事
②【词汇精讲】
blame v.责备; 指责; 把……归咎于 n.责任; 责备; 指责
be to blame 应承担责任；该受责备
【词汇拓展】
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for 应承担……的责任；因……该受责备
accept/ bear/ take blame for 对某事负责；承担责任
put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上
【温馨提示】
sb. be to blame for sth意为“某人应为某事负责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
8.【教材原句】It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much... 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水……
【句式精讲】
It seems that/as if... 看来……；似乎……
【归纳拓展】
It turns out that... 结果是……；原来是……
It appears that... 看来……；似乎是……
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……
It happens that... 碰巧……
完成句子
(1)________________（在我看来） that you disagree on the plan.
(2)________________（碰巧）the harvest was bad that year.
It seems to me
It happened that
9.【教材原句】Accordingly, he had the handle① of the pump removed so that② it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
【词汇精讲】handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物等)
【句式分析】
so that 是从属连词，在此用来引导目的状语从句。意义为“为了；以便”， 可用 in order that 从句来替换。这种从句的谓语动词一般要和情态动词can / could / may / might等连用。
【温馨提示】
so that 引导结果状语从句时， 意义为“结果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不与情态动词连用，有时可用逗号与主句隔开，有时则不用。这种从句可用 so … that … 从句来转换。
10.【教材原句】Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的工作,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
【词汇精讲】thanks to 幸亏，由于
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
11.【教材原句】...Snow transformed① the way scientists study diseases…② … 斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
①【词汇精讲】
transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变
【词汇拓展】
transform...into... 使……变成……
transform...from...into... 把……从……变成……
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
②【句式分析】本句是
主从复合句。scientists study diseases 是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
【归纳拓展】 the way 后跟定语从句
在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way 作先行词时有以下三种情况：
（1）关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用 in which，that 或省略。
e.g.During those times，music can help you in the same way（that/in which） it helped me.
（2）关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用 that 或 which。
e.g.He found a way which/that led to success.
（3）关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用 that，which 或省略。
e.g.The way（that/which） he told me sounds ridiculous，but I will give it a try.
Prefix Words Prefix Words Suffix Words Suffix Words
re- micro- -ory -ial
dis- trans- -ion -ology
remove,
replace,
reuse
discover,
disable,
disappear
microscope,
microwave,
microphone
transform,
transport,
transplant
contradictory,
advisory,
compulsory
infection,
action,
relation
substantial,
partial,
financial
epidemiology,
biology,
sociology
Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes.Then add two words for each prefix or suffix, and explain their meanings.
4
1 Many scientists ____________ the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
2 He was to _________ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
3 The man ____________ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
4 Since heart disease is often _________ our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
subscribe suspect blame link
to of for
subscribe to
blame for
suspected of
linked to
Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right. Then complete the sentences using these phrases.
2
raw a household name substantial statistics handle
Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box.
3
1.It is not unusual for an athlete to be well-known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.
2.I'm sure she’ll deal with the changes very well because she's very adaptable.
3.He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooked yet.
4.He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.
5.Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory.
a household name
handle
raw
substantial
statistics
British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body's cells that is to __________ for the spread of cold-causing virus.Targeting the host rather than the __________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing virus are not only of __________ kinds, they also __________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directy into one's lungs, to __________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made __________ advances in their research, further __________ needed to make sure such drugs are not so __________ that they harm the body.
infection multiple decrease severe
transform proof blame substantial
blame
infection
multiple
transform
decrease
substantial
proof
severe
Read this passage about medical plete it using the words below.
4
Retell how John Snow defeated cholera.(共36张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 4
Using Language (Ⅱ)
Write about what makes a great scientist
新 课 导 入
What makes great scientists
common characteristics
cautious
persuasive
strict
positive
co-operative
creative
bright
enthusiastic
1.通过阅读，分析伟大科学家的优秀品质，学习文章的结
构、语言特点以及写作技巧；
2.能学会写一篇关于科学精神的文章。
课 堂 学 习
Pre-reading
Do you know who he is
a scientist
worked in the missile(导弹) and space programs
lead the Chinese rocket program
the "Father of Chinese Rocketry" or "King of Rocketry"
Qian Xuesen
Do you know who he is
a physicist
won CBE British Empire Commander Medal
获得了大英帝国司令勋章
A Brief History of Time,
black holes and relativity
one of the great men of the 20th century
Stephen Hawking
The text is mainly about ______________________________
__________________________________________________
Look at the pictures and the title, Guess what the content of the text is.
the brief introduction of Qian Xuesen
and Stephen Hawking.
Read the texts and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1
While-reading
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
2. Qian’s strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist’s
development.
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the
universe began with a big bang.
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even
though he was ill.
Answer the questions below using the information from the texts.
2
1. Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”
2. How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research.
His own theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes.
Post-reading
Study the language and structure.
1. Underline the linking words and phrases in the passages, and describe their function.
Some of the most important linking words and phrases are:
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, ...
At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.
Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him...
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets ...
However, what might have made him such an outstanding..
In general, there were two main theories ...
Besides being brilliant, he was brave, ...
Furthermore, he was quite determined.
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
These serve to link elements in the passages and bring greater cohesion and logical flow to it.
2. What is the function of each paragraph in the passages
His personal history and accomplishments
Para. 2-5
His death and people's appreciation of him
Introduction
His personality
Text One: The Father of China's Aerospace
Para. 1
Para. 6
Para. 7
His claim to fame
Para. 2
Introduction
Characteristics that made him great
Text Two: A World of Pure Thought
Para. 1
Para. 3
3. Find Words that describe the personalities of the scientists. How
do the stories about the scientists help illustrate these personalities
Qian Xuesen
a man with "great scientific thought and scientific spirit" who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion; a pioneer; did not let that discourage him; determined; an outstanding and creative scientist; deep appreciation for art
Stephen Hawking
brilliant; brave; sometimes careless in what he said or did; willing to say what others were afraid to say; dream of what others were afraid to dream about; quite determined; willing to admit his faults
Language points
1. 【教材原句】Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
【词汇精讲】句中no... greater.. than为“否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than”结构，表示最高级。
【归纳拓展】
表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：
never+比较级...
nothing/no+so+原级+as ...
nothing/no+比较级+than ...
any+单数名词
any other+单数名词
all（the）other+复数名词
anyone else
any of the other+复数名词
the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词
比较级+than+
完成句子
1. Tom is more intelligent than _________________________ students
in his class.汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
any other student/all the other
2. 【教材原句】Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
【句式分析】
Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his
homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
过去分词短语作状语
主句
定语
定语从句
【归纳拓展】
-ed分词用作状语时，跟-ing分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、条件、原因和伴随状况等。
-ed分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though。这时，我们可以把-ed分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如：
3.However, after the Songhu Battle broke out① in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend② the country.然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要拥有自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
【句式分析】
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in，Qian made the decision to Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
时间状语从句
主句
原因状语从句
宾语从句
①【词汇精讲】break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
【词汇拓展】
break in 强行进入；打断 break through 突破；冲破
break up 破碎；解散；分手 break off 断开；中断；停顿
break away from 逃脱；脱离 break into 强行闯入；突然开始
break down 出故障；垮掉
【温馨提示】
break out，happen，occur，take place 等动词（短语）表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，没有被动语态。
(1) His car broke ______on the way this afternoon when he headed to the hospital.
down
②【词汇精讲】
defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
【词汇拓展】
defend ... against/from 保卫……免受……
defend oneself 为自己辩解/辩护
defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 为保卫……，为……辩护
in one’s defence/come to one’s defence 为某人辩护
defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
4. 【教材原句】He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of① not only② developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。
①【词汇精讲】in charge of 主管；掌管
【词汇拓展】
take charge of 掌管/负责……
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
free of charge=for free 免费
charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
【温馨提示】in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of。
②【句式分析】
not only … but also 连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据 but also 后的名词决定单、复数(就近原则)。
not only … but also 连接的是两个并列的句子，则要求前句采用部分倒装，后句无须倒装。
部分倒装就等同于对该句进行一般疑问句的变化，即把该句所含的be动词/助动词/情态动词提前，其中的also有时可以省略。
5.【教材原句】When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”, his reply was a determined “Why not ...”当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗？” 他的回答是坚定的“为什么不能？……”。
【句式分析】When asked...是省略句，省略了从句的主语和be动词，句子补全为：When he was asked...。
状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。
【归纳拓展】
以下结构中，主语和be动词也可以省略
1.连词+形容词 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. 他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
2.连词+名词 Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director. 尽管他曾是个农民，现在他是位著名的导演了。
3.连词+V-ing Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在努力学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
4.连词+过去分词 He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会和我们一起去那里。
5.连词+不定式 He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 他站起来好像要说什么。
6.连词+介词短语 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。
6.【教材原句】Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles， followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。
【句式分析】过去分词（短语）作定语
（1）单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。
e.g.It is not healthy to eat canned food.吃罐装食品不健康。
e.g.The problem mentioned at the conference needs considering.会上提到的问题需要考虑。
（2）及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义，只表示完成。
e.g.His father once was a respected astronaut.他的父亲曾是一位受人尊敬的宇航员。
e.g.The gardener began to pile up the fallen leaves.园丁开始把落叶堆起来。
（3）过去分词（短语）作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。
e.g.The works shown at the exhibition are priceless.
=The works which/that were shown at the exhibition are priceless.
展览会上展出的作品是无价之宝。
【学法点拨】
(1) 个别单词的过去分词，如 shown，adopted，left，given，involved，wanted，gained，concerned 等也可作后置定语。
e.g.He planned to use the money left to buy a second-hand motorbike.
他打算用剩下的钱买一辆二手摩托车。
(2) 过去分词修饰 something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词或指示代词 those 时，要放在这些词的后面。
e.g.If you have something wanted，I will buy it for you.
如果你需要什么东西，我可以买给你。
7. 【教材原句】However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。
【归纳拓展】
“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不带to的不定式或过去分词。
如果宾语本身比较复杂，可用“make it(形式宾语)+名词/形容词+to do(that)从句(真正的宾语) ”结构。
make sb do的被动形式为sb be made to do。
【温馨提示】在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，除了动词make之外，feel, find, think, consider也可有此用法。
8.【教材原句】Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。
【词汇精讲】 above all 最重要的是；尤其是
【归纳拓展】
after all 终究，还是；毕竟，别忘了
（not）at all 一点也（不），完全（不）
all in all 总的来说，总而言之in all 总共，合计
first of all 首先，第一
Writing
Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4
1. In groups, discuss some stories about great scientists.
2. Using these stories as a basis, discuss the following questions:
Apart from being clever, what are the most important personal qualities a scientist must have to be successful
How do these stories illustrate the scientific spirit
写作指导
如何记述科学家的科学精神
科学家的科学精神是包含在高中生基础写作中一种任务话题。它涉及对科学家的简介、取得成就的原因、科学精神的体现或描述、自己受到的激励或启发等。要注意其文体应该是记叙文或夹叙夹议, 同时还要注意人称的一致和时态的合理使用。
基本内容：
1. age, sex, birth-place, background (概况)
2. appearance, character (外表、性格)
3. education (教育背景)
4. big events in his or her life (in order of time) (经历、生平)
5. evaluation (评价)
Outline
Brief introduction
Personality and qualities
Inspiration
Comments
age, birth place …
Use specific details;
Give examples
Now work by yourself, to write an essay about the scientific spirit.
Exchange your draft with a partner. Use this checklist to help you revise the draft. Then take your draft back and revise it using your partner's comments.
5
Does the writer explain clearly the personal qualities that make up the
scientific spirit
Does the writer give examples from the lives of the scientist(s) to
illustrate the points
Does the writer describe the personality of a great scientist
Does the writer use appropriate linking words and phrases to tie the
ideas together
Does the writer use separate paragraphs, each with its own function
Put up your essay in the classroom or read it to your class.
6
Sample Writing
Known as a famous medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen was born in 1518.
The medical scientist wrote a book called Ben Cao Gang Mu, which is a collection of Chinese herbs including over 2, 000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. In order to finish the task, he visited mountains, called on ordinary people, tasted different kinds of herbs and even did experiments by himself. It took him 37 years to finish the task, and his book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine.
From the experience of Li Shizhen,I believe that if one wants to succeed in a field,he/she must learn to be patient,diligent and courageous.Only by having them will a person achieve something different from others.
Can you list more words to describe the scientific spirit (共21张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 3
Using Language (I)
Talk about scientific experiences
新 课 导 入
Look at these photos, and can you say what they are
China Jiaolong Submarine
China Sky Eye Telescope
The Beidou Navigation Satellite System
1.能学会使用图片进行预测，获取听力对话中的线索和关键信息；
2.能学会谈论常见的科学现象。
课 堂 学 习
Pre-listening
Look at the photo below, and discuss in groups what these activities have to do with science.
I think the dish in this exhibition is related to sound. Maybe the boy is whispering into the smaller circle and the dish can make his voice louder.
A
This looks like a piano you play with your feet.
Maybe it shows how sound works.
B
I'm not sure what this one shows, but it must be about light or eyesight.
C
It is a hall of mirrors. Maybe it has to do with the principles of reflection.
This is probably an experiment involving the composition of light.
D
E
The photos above are related to the conversation you will hear. Using the photos, try to predict the answers to the following questions.
2
1 Where are the people in the conversation going to go
2 What kind of place is it, and what does it focus on
3 What kinds of things can you do there
Predict by using pictures
One way to get more out of your listening is to predict what you will hear. Using the pictures provided and the knowledge you already have, you can guess the kinds of information you should listen for. At times, you may even be able to guess exactly what will be talked about. This will help you focus better when listening, making your listening more effective.
1 Where are the people in the conversation going to go
2 What kind of place is it, and what does it focus on
3 What kinds of things can you do there
You can probably try different activities to learn about sound, light, reflection, and so on. For example, you can go to a room with many mirrors facing each other so it looks like there are many copies of you! Or you can play with a big piano on the floor.
They are going to a science museum.
It is a science museum that focuses on letting visitors experience science through interactive learning exhibitions.
Listen to the conversation and see if your answers for Activity 2 are correct. Then write down the letters (A-E) for the photos in the order that you hear them described.
3
While-listening
1._________ 2._________ 3._________
4._________ 5._________
D
C
E
B
A
Listen again and complete the descriptions of the photos above.
4
Photo A: A giant dish; when you speak into it, it _______ the sound back and
_____________. You can use it to speak in a _______ to someone 17
meters away.
Photo B: A giant ____________ that you can use your feet to play. Instead of
playing the sounds of a piano, it plays the voices of _____________.
Photo C: You look at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly you can see
______________ moving around on it. These are our ____________.
Photo D: A ____________ where you can see yourself reflected thousands of
times.
Photo E: You stand in front of ____________ and it casts different shadows of
you, in ____________ the rainbow.
reflects
makes it louder
whisper
piano keyboard
classical singers
tiny bright lights
own blood cells
hall of mirrors
a white light
every color of
Post-listening
Discuss the following questions in groups.
5
1. The conversation is about the City of Science and Industry, a museum
in Paris. Would you like to go to this museum Why or why not
2. Are there any museums like this in China What other interesting
museums are there
Yes. I can learn a lot about science and it can broaden my horizons.
Yes. There are other interesting museums such as art museum or museum about ancient treasure.
In groups, choose one of the museum activities on the previous page or brainstorm another scientific research or experiment that you are interested in.
6
water
plants
5G technology
life
force
energy
...
Make a short presentation to the class about your choice. Use the example and useful phrases below to help you.
7
EXAMPLE
Today, I want to talk to you about a very strange phenomenon called a non-Newtonian fluid. You can make it easily using equal parts of water and cornflour, like I have here. Anon-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. In fact, it becomes hard enough to stand on. Then, as soon as you take the pressure off, it becomes a liquid again. This shows that it is possible that something can exist as a liquid and a solid at the same time.
... can/cannot exist in the form of a solid/gas and a liquid/plasma ...
... is both a ... and a ... at the same time ... how light/sound is reflected ...
... the existence of other … This occurs when ...
If you ..., it will become ... That demonstrates …
This experiment/research shows... Through this, we know that ...
We can prove that ... This evidence proves…
Talking about scientific phenomena
Sample
Today, I want to talk to you about the positive and negative charges of molecules. We can demonstrate how these interact through a simple experiment using milk, dish soap, and food colouring. First, cover the bottom of a shallow plate with milk. Now add two or three drops of different liquid food colouring to the centre of the milk. They should form one large dark puddle in the middle of the milk. Now, dip a cotton swab into dish soap, and place it into the middle of the food colouring. You will see the colours quickly move to escape from the soap, making interesting and beautiful patterns. This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food colouring with them, making it look like the colours are quickly moving to escape from the soap.
shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处
Eg: You stand in front of a white light, and it casts different shadows of you, …. 你站在一道白光前，它投射出不同的你的影子，……
Key points
[归纳拓展] shadow与 shade
shadow 指某物在光线的照射下映在墙上、地上等处的阴影。
shade 表示光线照不到的地方或阴凉处。
[即学即练] 辨析填空：shadow, shade
1. In front of our house stands a tall tree, which provides ________ for us in summer.
2. The children were having fun, chasing each other’s ___________.
shade
shadows
pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
Eg: A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. 非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。
[归纳拓展]
pour in 涌进 pour into 涌进……
pour out 倒出；涌出；倾诉
pour out of... 从……中涌出来
pour down （雨）倾盆而降
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. The rays of the sun poured ______ through the window.
2. The river pours _______ the sea.
3. Sobbing, she poured _____ the whole story.
4. He was seriously wounded. Blood poured out ______ the wound.
in
of
into
out
Can you describe common scientific phenomena now (共19张PPT)
Unit 1
Period 2
Discover Useful Structures
新 课 导 入
Read the quotes and find the clauses in them.
※ Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science
is what makes me immensely satisfied.
※ The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and
computers come together.
※ The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in
disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease.
what makes me immensely satisfied
when genetics and
computers come together
that health is the cure for disease
Predicative Clauses
1.能认识和总结表语从句的结构和功能；
2.能学会灵活运用表语从句。
课 堂 学 习
Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.
1
One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
The question is who will do it.
The question is difficult.
（ 表 ）
表语从句
（ 表 ）
在复合句中做表语的从句，叫做表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体化。
1.表语从句的定义
Predicative Clauses
主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句
This is why he did it.
表语从句
2.表语从句的构成
可以接表语从句的系动词有：
1. 状态系动词：be
2. 感官系动词：feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell
3. 持续系动词：stand, lie, remain, keep, stay
4. 变化系动词：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall
5. 终止系动词：prove, turn out
3. 表语从句的引导词
引导词 用法 备注
从属连词 that 无成分，无意义，不能省略 根据
句意
选择
Whether 无成分，意为“是否”
连接代词 what, which, who, whom, …+ever, whose 在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语
连接副词 how, when, where, …+ ever, why 在从句中充当状语
其它连接词 because, as if, as though 因为，好像，似乎
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. This is ________ I want.
2. My English is limited. This is ______ I hate reading English books.
3. The village is ________ I used to spend my holiday.
4. It is _________ I really love the way he behaves.
5. The trouble is ________ we are short of funds.
what
where
why
because
that
4.表语从句的语法规则
① 表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，要用陈述语序：主语+
谓语。
Eg: The question is how I can make you understand the knowledge.
② 表语从句的引导词没有if。
Eg: The question is whether it is worthwhile to do it.
只用whether ,不用if的情况
1）Whether to do
2）Whether … or not
3）介词后的宾语从句
4）从句：句首的主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
③ 表语从句的虚拟语气。
在表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词 idea, advice, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。
Eg: My proposal is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
④ as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在look, seem, sound, feel等后面。若表示真实情况用陈述语气；若表示非真实情况用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气：
若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were）
若跟过去事实不符：had done
若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形
Eg: The little boy talks as if he knew everything in the world.
He felt as if he had met this young lady for a long somewhere.
⑤ because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because…”
结构中。
Eg: Your speech is excellent. This is because you prepared it a lot.
That/It is/was why … 那是……的原因
That/It/is/was because … 那是因为……
注意
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. My suggestion is that we __________(go) to hospital at once.
2. She looks as if she _______(be) ten years younger.
3. The little girl talked as if she ___________(be) a grown-up.
4. He is careless and irresponsible. That was _______ he was fired.
5. He was fired. That was _________ he is careless and irresponsible.
should go
were
had been
why
because
EXAMPLE
What was it that John Snow showed to the world
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
1. What was Snow's discovery in two particular streets in London
Snow's discovery in two particular streets in London was that _________________________________________________________________.
Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.
2
the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days
2. What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera
in London
What Snow was determined to find out was why ________________________________________________________________.
3. What were the exact places Snow marked on the map
The exact places Snow marked on the map were where ________________________________________________________________.
4. What was the finding that Snow announced
Snow's finding was that___________________________________________.
the outbreak of cholera had caused over 500 deaths within ten days
all those who died had lived / all the dead people had lived
the water pump was to blame for the spread of cholera / the pump water carried cholera germs / water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste
David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project. First complete David's lines (A-E), using the words in the box. Then put David's lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.
3
as if that what who when how why whose which whether
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was ______ happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed______ all the theories were useful, but the fact was______we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly The problem was not about________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding. ________________theory to depend upon.
D:We realised that what we cared about was not ___________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather _____ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ______we had to carry out the research in the first place.
why
what
as if that
whether
which/what
which/what/whose
how
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call
science.
David: ________________
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David: ________________
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David: ________________
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some
sold work.
David: ________________
Maria: So what happened in the end
David: ________________
C
B
E
D
A
Now can you summarise the structure and function of Predicative clauses
