(共31张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 4
Using Language (Ⅱ)
Write a report on an environmental issue
1.能通过阅读报告，了解漓江水污染形成的原因和治理措施；
2.能学习并运用报告文体的语篇结构和写作方法。
新 课 导 入
What causes the water pollution
课 堂 学 习
1
What do you know about the Li River Have you ever been there
Look at the title and the pictures and discuss the questions.
Pre-reading
Li River is one of the most beautiful and popular river landscape in China. It
is over 100 miles long and is surrounded by the famous karst mountain formations.
What do you think might have caused water pollution in the Li River
Did you know the Li River had been polluted
As the Li River is very popular with tourists, I think the pollution
may have been caused by tourists and tour boats on the river.
Read the report and then answer the questions.
1.What were some of the negative effects on the Li River as a result of the growth in tourism
2
Skimming
Negative effects from the growth of tourism on the Li River include garbage being thrown by tourists and kitchens on tour boats dumping cooking oil into the river. Because of the success of tourism, the population and number of enterprises also rose, meaning there was more waste going into the river.
2. What measures have been taken to improve the Li River’s water quality
3. What is the “River Chief System”
Waste water treatment, household waste collection and transport facilities have been improved. Dozens of polluting businesses were moved or closed. New rules about waste disposal and fines for abusers were introduced. Authorities used the media to spread awareness of the issue.
The "River Chief System" holds senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution.
1. Read the text and complete the paragraph summaries.
Para 1 Introducing the topic
Para 2 Describing the ___________
Para 3 Presenting some ___________
Para 4 Presenting further ___________
problem
measures
solutions
3
Para 1 Introducing the topic
Para 2 Describing the _____________________________
__________
Para 3 Presenting some ____________________________
_____________
Para 4 Presenting further __________________
causes of the water pollution in
the Li River
government initiatives to solve the water pollution
plans and initiatives
Scanning
This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.
Where
Purpose
What
Para.1
Water pollution in Li River caused by tourism
The beautiful Li River in China’s Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region
Para. 1 Introducing the topic
The growth of tourism: more tourists, tour
boats, kitchens on board
Local population growth
The development of commercial and
industrial enterprises
The use of chemicals in crop production
When
How
Para.2
Previously
Para. 2 Describing the problem
Para. 3 Presenting some measures
The beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
Measures
Effect
Who
Para.3
The government
Construction of waste water treatment facilities
Collection and transport of household waste
Closing or moving polluting enterprises
New rules and regulations
Awareness campaign through media
Regular inspections
With such campaigns in effect, China's waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
What else
Expectations
Para.4
“Water Ten Plan” and other initiatives
Para. 4 Presenting further solutions
2.Draw a mind map to show all the factors that caused the pollution.
Water pollution
Increasing tourists
garbage&waste
River Chief System
oil&chemicals
media
waste water treatment facilities
Solution
Fill in the blanks using what you have read.
The Li River is one of the most famous _________________ in China. But it had had negative effects on its ____________.
Besides the garbage that tourists threw into the river, ______________, household and commercial waste, chemicals used in crop all contributed to the problem.
The local government has taken several steps to restore the river’s _________. Waste water treatment facilities were built, many polluting enterprises were ______________, and new rules on tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods were made.
In addition, the media was used to spread ______________________ and encourage greater use of clean energy.
tourist destinations
water quality
tour boats
original beauty
closed or moved
environmental awareness
Post-reading
Write a report on an environmental issue
1. Choose an environmental problem that directly affects you or your local community. Research the issue on the Internet. Consider the following questions:
What is the issue Why does it need to be dealt with
Where does the issue occur What are its causes What effects does it have
What actions have been taken so far What future actions are planned
Has the issue been dealt with well Is it likely to be solved completely Why or why not What alternative solutions are possible
【谋篇布局】
首先：提出问题；
其次：描述成因；
然后：提出方案；
最后：展示成果。
【注意】
1.依据调查结果，用事实说话，语言表达要力求准确、精练。
2.一般过去时和被动语态使用较多。
如何写报告
与环境保护相关的语块
white pollution 白色污染
household garbage 生活垃圾
motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放
develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源
global warming 全球变暖
endangered wildlife 濒危野生物
water resource conservation zone 水资源保护区
forest coverage rate 森林覆盖率
windbreaks 防风林
pesticide residue 农药残留
motor vehicle exhaust 汽车尾气
clean energy 清洁能源
greenhouse effect 温室效应
greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放
energy conservation and emissions reduction 节能减排
environmentally friendly / eco-friendly 环保的
environment-friendly products 环保产品
throwaway biodegradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋
Litter is a big issue in our local community. We must deal with it because it is bad for local wildlife and it makes our community look terrible.
This mostly occurs in our local park. It is caused by people dropping food wrappers from the nearby fast food restaurant.
So far, we make sure the park is cleaned every day. We have added more rubbish bins in the park to make it easier for people to dispose of this waste. We also spoke to the fast food restaurant and asked them to encourage people to dispose of their waste properly.
There is a plan to add more bins and signs to inform people about the need to dispose of waste properly. We have also asked the restaurant to provide help in cleaning up their waste.
The issue has been dealt with well, but more work is needed, It is hard to deal with these issues because there is a never-ending source of waste as people will always need to buy food. In the future, the best solution would be to find alternative ways of packaging.
Language points
1. Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
此前，随着游客数量的增加，漓江的水质受到很大影响，很多游客经常向漓江扔垃圾。
本句是一个复合句。many of whom引导的定语从句修饰先行词tourists。这是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词”的用法为历年高考考查的热点。现将其要点归纳如下：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，若先行词是人，关系代词用whom；若先行词是物，关系代词用which。
e.g. The person to whom you should write is Mr. Smith.
e.g. The games in which he competed were swimming and shooting.
(2)介词若与从句中的动词(词组)有关，可置于关系代词前，也可置于动词后；若介词与动词为固定词组，则此介词一般不前置。
e.g. This is the pen which I’m looking for.
①Raising the retirement age is a subject ___________ which all the Chinese have argued for a long time.
about/over
2. restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复
restore building 修复建筑物
restore communications 恢复交通
restore to (把……)归还给……，使……恢复，使……复职
restore to life 苏醒过来
restore to the owners 归还给原主
restoration n. 恢复
①I volunteered to contribute to _________ (restore) wildlife habitats.
②The police have now restored the painting _____ its rightful owner.
restoring
to
3. set up 设立；建立
set down 记下；写下
set about 开始做
set aside 把……放在一边；省出；留出
set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起；激发
set out 出发；动身；摆放；陈列；开始做；着手做
①Then, in 1995 the organization ________ an office in Beijing.
set up
4. carry out 执行，实行；贯彻
carry on 继续；坚持
carry on (with) 把……继续进行下去
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事；不停地做某事
carry through 帮助……渡过难关；顺利完成
carry off 赢得；获得
①We carried _____ our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.
②They promised to carry ______ their duties faithfully.
on
out
5. inspection n. 检查；查看；视察
inspect v. 检查；视察；检阅
inspector n. 检查员；巡视员
inspect 强调上级对下级的视察、检查 The captain wants to inspect your kit.
船长想要检查你的配备。
examine 指“观察、察看”以了解情况；还可指检查身体 Let me examine your teeth first.
让我先检查一下您的牙齿。
check 强调“核实”对错 Will you check your homework yourself first 你能自己先检查一下作业吗？
选词填空(inspect/examine/check)
①The doctor ___________ the patient carefully.
②I want to ________ with my secretary before I sign the papers.
③The newly-elected president ____________ the troops.
examined
check
inspected
6. in addition 另外，此外
additional adj. 附加的，外加的
apart from 除……之外；此外
except for 除……之外；要不是由于……
e.g. Apart from his nose, he’s quite good-looking.
I can answer all the questions except for the last.
①In addition to ________ (play) basketball, Jimmy takes an interest in painting.
②During the rush hour, the company provides _________ (addition) buses.
in addition “另外(＝as well)”，相当于连接副词
in addition to “除……之外(还)(＝as well as)”，用作介词
playing
additional
7. campaign n. 运动，战役 vi. &vt. 参加运动；领导运动
launch/start a campaign to… 发起一项运动做……
campaign for 参加争取……的运动
campaign against 参加反对……的运动
campaign to do sth. 为了做……而发起运动
①We have started a campaign ______ better nursery and school services.
②Mary is very active in the campaign __________ illegally hunting.
for
against
campaign 作名词表示“战役”时，指为某军事目标而进行的一系列军事行动。campaign还常用来表示“(政治或商业性的)活动、竞选运动”
battle 表示“战役、战争”，指敌对力量间的冲突、会战、军事战斗
war 表示“战争”，指在国家、民族或派别之间进行的公开的、使用武力的、常持续一段时间的冲突的状态
Could you summarize the structure about writing report (共26张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 2
Discover Useful Structures
1.能理解直接引语与间接引语之间的转换规则；
2.能根据语境将陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句形式的直接引语转述为间接引语。
新 课 导 入
The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
The expert said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change ”
The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.
Discuss the differences between each pair.
The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction ”
The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
“Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said.
The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.
课 堂 学 习
直接引语和间接引语
1. 基本概念
（1）直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。
（2）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。
【点拨】
直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一、时态变化
直接引语变间接引语，通常将宾语的时态往后推一个。
①如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引
语时，时态不变。
②如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语，时态不变。
句型转换
（1）The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”
→ The teacher said that doing OK.
（2）He said, “I have written a novel.”
→He said that __ a novel.
（3）He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.”
→ He said that go there to have a long holiday.
（4）The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
→ The teacher said that where there a will, there a way.
（5）Jane said, “Mary, where were you going when I met you on the bus ”
→Jane asked Mary where when she met her on the bus.
we were
he had written
she would
is
she was going
is
二、人称变化
一随主、二随宾、
第三人称不更新。
一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。
第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。
句型转换
（1）“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.” she said.
→ She told Tom that would go and see again that evening.
（2）He said to me, “You are wrong.”
→ He told me that was wrong.
she
I
him
（4）The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.”
→ The old man said that he liked to talk with young men.
三、指示代词的变化。
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this
these
that
those
The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.”
→ The old man said that he liked to talk with young men.
those
四、时间状语的变化
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 now
today, tonight
this week/month…
yesterday
ten days / weeks…ago
tomorrow / next year…
then
that day, that night
that week / month …
the day before
ten days / weeks… before
the next day/year…
注意：以上变化要根据实际情况而定。如果就在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语不必改变。
句型转换
（1）“I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tim,” he said.
→ He told Tim that he would go and see him again .
（2）Mr Harry asked, “John, have you passed the exam yesterday ”
→ Mr Harry asked John whether he had passed the exam _____________.
that evening
the day before
地点状语 here
方向性 动词 come
bring
there
go
take
注意：如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there。
五、地点状语、方向性动词的变化
（1）“I will come and help you tomorrow, John,” she said.
→ She told John that she would and help her ___________.
the next day
go
六、语序的变化
1.直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词 that 引导，that 可省略。
His mother said to me, “Mr Harry is in charge of the work.”
→ His mother told me that Mr Harry was in charge of the work.
他的母亲告诉我，亨利先生负责这项工作。
直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
2.直接引语是一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句；间接引语用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，谓语动词 say(said)改为 ask(asked)。
e.g. Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework ”
→Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。
Mary asked me, “When did the British prince become infected with the disease ”
→ Mary asked me when the British prince became infected with the disease.
三诀巧记“直”变“间”
(1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语的口诀：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，
时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。
(2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：
去掉引号加if/whether，陈述语序要记住。
时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。
(3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：
直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。
4.直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语，形式多采用“动词+宾语+不定式”。常见引述动词有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。
（1）引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth. 的形式。
"Finish the task in ten minutes," the manager said to the clerk.
→The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.
（2）直接引语是表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的祈使句或疑问句时，变为间接引语多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb. ＋to do”等结构。
e.g. “What about starting early tomorrow morning ” Jack said.
→Jack suggested starting early tomorrow morning.
5．感叹句的直接引语变间接引语
直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。
"What a beautiful dress it is!" the girl said to her friend.
→The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was.
He said, "How fine you look!"
→He said how fine I looked.
（1）He said, “I’ve left my book in your room.”
→He told me he his book in my room.
（2）She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV ”
→She asked me I watching the advertisements on TV.
（3）“What are you doing now ” Mom asked.
→Mom asked then.
（4）He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.”
→He again .
（5）He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys so much noise.
that
whether
liked
had left
what I was doing
asked me to go there
not to make
the next day
Here are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures. Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentences into indirect speech.
2
Name Statements/Questions
Diane ①“What made Hurricane Katrina unusual ”
Diane asked what had made Hurricane Katrina unusual.
②“Was it the worst natural disaster in American history ”
Diane asked if/whether it had been the worst natural disaster in American history.
Name Statements/Questions
Martha ①“I want to become a scientist and help the world.”
Martha said/told me that she wanted to become a scientist and help the world.
②“I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.”
Martha said/told me that she was doing a project on behalf of her school about global warming.
Bob ①“Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic ”
Bob asked why nuclear power was such a sensitive topic.
②“Could you explain how the nuclear disaster happened ”
Bob asked if/whether they could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.
Name Statements/Questions
Laura ①“How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting ”
Laura asked how many animals had disappeared because of human hunting.
②“What can we do to help wild animals ”
Laura asked what we could do to help wild animals.
Vincent ①“I’ve never been to the Amazon Jungle.”
Vincent said/told me that he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.
②“Will scientists discover new species there ”
Vincent asked if/whether scientists would discover new species there.
Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do.
Michelle
Jack
Sally
Joe
I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping, rather than use plastic bags.
I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.
Don't print out documents unless really necessary.
Would it be best to share books with others
Do a report
EXAMPLE
I asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives. Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking a taxi. Joe advised us to share books with others. Sally asked us not to print out documents unless really necessary. …
If you are listening to news report, you need to tell your grandparents about the news using indirect speech.(共36张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(I)
1.熟悉并掌握文中的重点词汇、短语与句型；
2.通过阅读，理解全球气候变暖的原因及危害，提出相应的解决措施；
3.通过制作思维导图和流程图，能厘清气候变化的因果关系。
新 课 导 入
Climate change causes the extreme weather.
课 堂 学 习
Pre-reading
Look at the graph and the title below and answer these questions in groups.
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
What kind of passage is it How do you know
Expository writing. Because the author use graph in his/her essay in order to convince his/her readers. The graph comes from scientific research reports and other reliable resources.
1.What is the graph about What information you’ll get from it
The graph shows the change in the Global Surface Temperature between 1920 and 2016.
It shows the temperature anomaly, which shows how much the temperature has risen above what it would usually be at a base level.
2.Have you ever seen the photo before What might be the story behind it
Yes, The story is that the polar bear starved to death because it could not find enough food to eat.
Skimming
Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (para.1-2 )
Part 2 (para. 3)
Part 3 (para. 4)
Part 4 (para. 5)
The evidence of dramatic climate change that had an impact on Earth’ ecology
The causes of the increase in the global average surface temperature
The consequences of the rise in temperature
The solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions
2. What is the structure of the text
A.
P1
P4
P3
P2
B.
P1
P2
P3
P4
D.
P1
P2
P3
P4
C.
P1
P2
P3
P4
D.
Scanning
Read the para.1-2 and answer the questions and finish the chart.
1. A graph showing rising global temperature
2. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels
3.Dead polar bear in Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard
Evidence
1.What happened to the polar bear in the photo Why did the write about it
The polar bear in the photo died of starvation.
Because it showed one of the effects of rising temperatures due to climate change.
keeping Earth’ climate warm and habitable
Read the para.3 and answer the questions and finish the chart.
Greenhouse effect
______ greenhouse effect
__________ greenhouse effect
causing Earth’ surface temperature will rise quickly if more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere
natural
man-made
2.Why is the“natural”greenhouse effect important and necessary
3.What are the consequences of high greenhouse gas emissions
The "natural" greenhouse effect is important because it warms the Earth's surface and keeps it habitable.
High greenhouse gas emissions lead to more heat energy being trapped in the atmosphere and rising temperatures.
Create a diagram describing how the greenhouse effect works.
Draw a diagram
Diagrams are very useful tools that can be used to brainstorm idea, map out processes, show cause and effect relationships, explain a new idea of concept, and so on. When you read an essay about scientific issues, you can try drawing a diagram, which will not only allow you to visualise the problems more clearly but also can help demonstrate your creative thinking and problem-solving.
D. Heat enters the
atmosphere
B. Reflected sunlight
Earth
Atmosphere
C. Heat reflected back
to earth’ surface
A. Heat released back into space
B
C
A
D
E. Earth’s surface absorbs the heat
E
B
extreme_________and __________causing deaths and economic losses
Results
_____________
_____________
not only____________________
but also___________________
extreme weather
natural disasters
rainstorm
heatwaves
costing human lives
causing serious damage
Read the para.4 and answer the questions and finish the chart.
4.Why did the author mention the climate scientist warning
Because it is essential that we take action and so it needs to be brought to everyone's attention.
government
individuals
make policies
take appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
restrict the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyle produce
educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts
Read the para.5 and answer the questions and finish the chart.
Solutions
5.What is the author’s purpose of writing this text
To inform the reader and inspire them to do whatever they can to deal with this problem.
Could you make a mind map about climate change
Climate change
Evidence
Solutions
Causes
Effects
government
individuals
extreme weather
natural disasters
natural greenhouse effect
man-made greenhouse effect
1. What examples of extreme weather and disasters do you know Can you make a list
Tsunami, floods, landslides, sandstorms, thunderstorms, earthquakes, hail, hot waves, cold waves, typhoons, tornados, hail and so on.
2. Do you think climate change is the result of human activity Give your reasons.
Yes. Human beings burn too much fossil fuels and produce large quantities of carbon dioxide, causing the temperature to go up steadily.
3. Who do you think should take responsibility for dealing with climate change What can we do
It is everyone’s duty to take care of the earth and do our part to tackle global warming.
人教 选择性必修第三册
Unit 2
Period 1
Build up your vocabulary(Ⅱ)
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
※本句中的doubt后接that引导的同位语从句，说明doubt的具体内容。当doubt前有否定词修饰时，其后常接that引导的同位语从句；当doubt前无否定词修饰时，其后常接whether引导的同位语从句。
※There is some doubt whether… ……有些疑问。
※There is no doubt that… ……是毫无疑问的。
※I doubt whether/if.../I have some doubt whether... 我怀疑……
※I don’t doubt that.../I have no doubt that... 我毫不怀疑……
①There is some doubt he will succeed.
②I have no doubt you can do this job well.
whether
that
Language points
2.An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.。
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
※starve to death 饿死
※starve sb. into doing sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
※starvation n.饥饿；饿死
※die of/from starvation 饿死
※starved adj.饥饿的；缺乏的
①If we can’t find enough food, we may starve death.
②The enemy tried to starve him giving in.
into
to
3.The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.
refer to 指的是；提到，说起；参考；涉及
※reference n.提及；谈到；参考
※in/with reference to 关于……
※refer to… as… 把……称作……
※refer… to… 将……送交给……
在表示“查阅”之意时，refer to后多接参考资料(字典，书籍等)；look up多接查询的内容。
①When learning English, you can buy a dictionary for (refer).
②In reference your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.
reference
to
4.The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
※release... from... 把……从……释放
※release… of 解除，使放出
※release to 向……发行
①The kind girl decided to release the bird the cage.
②On the peak, she burst into tears, ________ (release) all her emotions.
from
releasing
5.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
句中keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable作结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语往往表示必然结果或者顺理成章的结果；而不定式作结果状语往往表示没有想到的结果。
①The setting sun was reflected on the river, _________ (make) everything along the banks look all the more beautiful.
②He kept trying on thing after another, only _______ (fail) each time.
making
to fail
6.Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
※本句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，without引起虚拟语气。Without this process＝If there were not this process，是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。后面的句子使用了would be表示与现在事实相反的结果。很多情况下表示虚拟的假设并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过上下文，利用with, but for, or, otherwise等介词(短语)或连词来表示，这就是所谓的含蓄虚拟语气。
① your help, I would do the experiment well.
②I am really busy, I would certainly go with you.
With
otherwise/or
7.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
句中that引导一个同位语从句，修饰evidence。not only… but also… 用作并列连词，意为“不但……而且……”，连接两个分词短语作状语。
(1)not only… but also… 相当于not just… but also… ，其中also可以省略，它连接的往往是平行成分，常用来连接两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等，在含义上强调后者。相同的意思还可用以下词组表达：not merely… but also，not only… but… as well，not only… but… too等。
(2)连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的数必须和就近的主语保持一致。
(3)连接两个分句时，not only放在句首，第一个分句需要部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
(4)就近原则：作主语的两个名词或代词由or，either… or，neither… nor，not only… but(also)，not… but… 等连接时，谓语动词的数通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
①Not only the USA and Russia but also China ______ (have) sent up manned satellites to circle the earth.
②Not only _______ he want to set up a new school, but also he wants to give some money to the poor.
has
does
8.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
※restrict...to... 把……限制在……
※restriction n.限制
※restricted adj.有限的；受限制的
※restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的
①The government has agreed to lift (restrict) on press freedom.
②They will hold a meeting to discuss the (restrict) laws.
restrictions
restrictive
9.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
※seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
※seize on/upon 抓住；突然对……大为关注
①I was walking in the street when a boy suddenly seized me the arm.
②Bob seized the rain as an excuse for missing school.
by
on/upon
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. The Amazon basin, known as the “lungs of the world”, not only provides some ____________ balance for the planet, but also food and resources for the local natives.
2. Thousands of baby penguins ________ to death because the changing climate forced their parents to leave them and travel long distances in search of food.
starved
ecological
broadcast comprehensive ecology starve seize
1
3. Many experts link China’s economic success to the _____________ reform that China has undergone since 1978.
4. The speaker said the media should make more _________ that spread awareness of the climate crisis and possible solutions.
5. To deal with climate change, we must ______ the initiative to do whatever is necessary to protect our environment.
comprehensive
seize
broadcasts
broadcast comprehensive ecology starve seize
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
Carbon dioxide is _______ through human activities such as destroying forests and burning fossil ____, as well as natural processes such as volcanic eruptions. The measurements by climate experts show a rising _____ of carbon dioxide emissions. If this continues, our planet will face further environmental disasters. In response to this environmental issue, China is implementing significant ______ and measures to address climate change, aiming to _______ coal consumption, promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature, build a __________ energy system, and advocate a moderate,
green, and low-carbon lifestyle.
released
fuels
trend
policies
sustainable
restrict
fuel policy release restrict sustain trend
2
The following words and phrases can all mean “to make something happen”. Look them up in the dictionary and discuss their differences. Then create sentences of your own using each of them.
cause be responsible for bring about lead to result in
cause to make something happen, especially something bad
e.g. Heavy traffic is causing delays on the freeway.
be responsible for to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad
e.g. Who is responsible for this terrible mess
3
bring about To bring something about means to cause it to happen.
e.g. The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country.
lead to to result in (something)
e.g. There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
result in to cause (something) to happen
e.g. The disease resulted in his death.
Language points
1.reform vi & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n. 改革；变革；改良
reform oneself 改过自新
education reform 教育改革
a reform in teaching methods 教学方法的改革
reformation n. 革新；改善
reformer n. 改革家；改革运动者；改良者
①He who will reform ________ (he) must first reform society.
②We also need to actively advance the reform ____ the political system.
himself
in
2.harmonious adj. 和谐的
harmony n. 协调；和睦；融洽
in harmony 协调一致
out of harmony 不协调
harmony among/between ……之间的协调，……之间的融洽
harmony with 与……协调，与……适应
①His ideas were no longer in harmony ______ ours.
②After dealing with the art, they have a common sense of ___________ (harmony) music.
with
harmonious
Have you learnt to draw a diagram describing how the greenhouse effect works (共32张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 5
Assessing Your Progress
新 课 导 入
Say the meaning of these words or phrases as quickly as possible!
inspection
in addition
seize
restore
harmonious
starve
dozens of
sustain
refer to
release
set up
frequently
trend
carry out
restrict
contribute to
1.复习本单元的重点词汇、短语以及直接引语转述间接引语的规则；
2.能就环境问题做一份环保方案，并总结该文体的特点；
3.通过观看视频，了解“绿色”学校的运作方式。
课 堂 学 习
garbage harmonious initiative restrict restore dozen
1
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
When asked by a TV reporter to talk about air and water quality in his hometown, (1) QiMu noted, “The air is great now, and we can take more walks and enjoy being outdoors again.” He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living ____________ with nature once more. However, he could not forget about an earlier time when his village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.
harmoniously
In the 1990s, _______ from a nearby city was usually brought to the village. (2)“How can we make use of this ” the villagers wondered. Soon they found that garbage could be used to feed pigs. (3)“Over the next few years, _______ of pig farms were set up,” Qi recalled. But then nobody in the village wanted to open their windows.(4) “he smell from the garbage and pig waste was making us sick,”Qi said. The numbers of mosquitoes and flies were also horrifying. (5)“Under such circumstances, no single women wanted to marry anyone in our village and move here,” Qi sighed.
garbage
dozens
The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation. So an ________ was launched and a “clean-up” campaign was added to the government agenda, including _________ large vehicles from passing through the village. Garbage from the city was no longer disposed of in the village, and more trees were planted. (6) “We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village has been _______”said Qi.
initiative
restored
restricting
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一、时态变化
直接引语变间接引语，通常将宾语的时态往后推一个。
①如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引
语时，时态不变。
②如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语，时态不变。
二、人称变化
一随主、二随宾、
第三人称不更新。
一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。
第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。
（4）The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.”
→ The old man said that he liked to talk with young men.
三、指示代词的变化。
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this
these
that
those
四、时间状语的变化
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 now
today, tonight
this week/month…
yesterday
ten days / weeks…ago
tomorrow / next year…
then
that day, that night
that week / month …
the day before
ten days / weeks… before
the next day/year…
注意：以上变化要根据实际情况而定。如果就在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语不必改变。
地点状语 here
方向性 动词 come
bring
there
go
take
注意：如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there。
五、地点状语、方向性动词的变化
(1) QiMu noted, “The air is great now, and we can take more walks and enjoy being outdoors again.”
(2) “How can we make use of this ” the villagers wondered. Soon they found that garbage could be used to feed pigs.
(3) “Over the next few years, dozens of pig farms were set up,” Qi recalled.
Report the direct speech in Activity 1.
2
Qi Mu noted that the air was great then, and they could take more walks and enjoy being outdoors again.
The villagers wondered that how they could make use of the garbage.
Qi recalled that over the next few years dozens of pig farms had been set up.
(4) “he smell from the garbage and pig waste was making us sick,” Qi said.
(5) “Under such circumstances, no single women wanted to marry anyone in our village and move here,” Qi sighed.
(6) “We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village has been restore,” said Qi.
Qi said that the smell from the garbage and pig waste had been making them sick.
Qi said that under such circumstances no single women had wanted to marry anyone in the village and move there.
Qi said that they could all breathe more freely then that the natural beauty of their village had been restored.
Resource shortage, environmental pollution and ecological damage are becoming more and more serious. What should we do How can we help reduce the impact of the issues
Project
To prepare an environmental proposal
In groups, discuss the following questions.
1. What is the main environmental issue you want to address
Choose one from the list below, or think of your own.
Plastic bag waste
Energy conservation
Waste sorting system for recycling
Water conservation
1
2. What small things can people do in their community to help
What simple inventions might help reduce the impact of the issue
Use the Internet to help you find ideas and take notes.
3. Will you give advice for people to follow What is your advice
Garbage classification means the classification of recyclable and unrecyclable garbage.
Hazardous Waste 有害垃圾
Involving risk or danger, especially to people’s health or safety.
Batteries
Lamp
Medicine
Paint 油漆
Poison
Films
Recyclable Waste 可回收物
Trash that can be recycled
Paper
Plastic
Glass
Textile 织物
Metal
Household Food Waste 湿垃圾
Perishable（易腐烂的） domestic waste.
scraps
残羹剩饭
Leftover
Expired food
Fruit
Flower and plant
Residual Waste 干垃圾
Other waste except recyclable, hazardous, household food waste.
Cigarette butts
Contaminated paper towels
Plastic bags
slag
Now create your project presentation. Use diagrams and illustrations to show how your ideas will work. Use the example below for ideas.
2
A lot of energy is wasted every day. We can make many small changes in our daily lives to help improve energy conservation. Here are our ideas for saving energy in the home:
OUR PROJECT：SAVING ENERGY IN THE HOME
Take shorter showers
Turn off the light when you are not in the room
Instead of turning up the heat, put on more clothes
Don’t leave things like TVs and computers on standby
Unplug appliances that are not in use
Adjust the amount of water for toilet flushes
Use cold water to wash clothes when possible
Use energy-efficient light bulbs
Put lids on cooking pots to cook faster
Choose products in reusable containers.
Check to see if there is a less wasteful alternative(选择).
Say “NO” to plastic bags and take your own reusable carry bags.
Never throw garbage everywhere.
Present your proposal to the class. Each member should take turns to explain or show one part of the presentation.
3
After hearing all the presentations, discuss which proposals and presentations were the best and give suggestions for improving them.
Content Is this proposal applicable
Is it complete
Does it include diagrams or illustrations
Does it convince you Or will you accept this proposal immediately
Presentation Does each member in the group present his or her ideas
Is the proposal presented clearly
Does the presentation impress you
Your suggestions
4
Do you know how Green School works in Uruguay.
Green School in Uruguay
This video is about a green school in Uruguay that teaches its students about recycling, energy saving, and growing their own food. Built from recycled materials, the school produces no waste and is powered by solar panels.
Before You Watch
Here are some photos from the video. In groups, use the following words and phrases to describe what is going on in the photos.
solar panels trash school reuse build
tin cans plants volunteers grow food collect
old car tyres learn children teach
1. These are tin cans that would usually be trash, but have been collected,
perhaps to reuse them for something.
2. Volunteers are building part of the school.
3. This is part of the school that has been built using old car tyres.
4. These are plants. Students grow food inside the school.
5. This is a classroom where children are taught.
6. There are solar panels on the outside of the school building. These use
energy from the sun to provide power for the school.
1. Where is Uruguay
2. Why is the school "autonomous"
3. What nickname does the US architect Michael Reynolds call himself
4. Who else other than the students learn from the workshops
5. How does one student educate his mother about waste
Answer these questions.
While You Watch
Uruguay is in South America.
The school is "autonomous" because it isn't connected to any energy or
water infrastructure.
Michael Reynolds calls himself a "garbage warrior".
The teachers also learn from the workshops.
One student educates his mother about waste by picking up any waste he finds on the way to and from school and disposing of it properly.
After You Watch
1. Do you know any similar projects in your city or country How do people reuse and recycle trash to create new things and technologies
2. In small groups, discuss other ways trash could be reused and recycled. What things could you make What kinds of trash could you use
In my country some people collect plastic bottles and use them to make furniture for gardens and parks, such as benches and playground equipment.
Trash can be reused in many ways.We could make plant pots for the school garden from plastic bottles and pots. We can cut off the tops of the bottles, put holes in the bottom, then fill with soil and a plant. Then we can hang them on a wall to make a wall garden.
Choose the rest issue and finish your project.(共12张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 3
Using Language (I)
Talk about air pollution
1.能概括并转述听力内容，了解伦敦雾霾的危害、形成原因及治理措施；
2.能正确运用“引述常识”的功能句式表达观点。
新 课 导 入
What causes air pollution
课 堂 学 习
Air pollution
Pre-listening
Look at the following pictures and answer the questions.
What the pictures are about
1.What information can you get from these pictures
2.How do these situations influence your life
I can get information about where the pictures were taken, for example, the bridge is in London, and the chimneys are in a power station. Both places look very polluted. I can see some coal being burned. These pictures tell me that the interview is probably about energy and pollution.
These situations influence my life not only by providing electricity for me, and transporting me, but also by polluting the air I breathe.
Electric automobiles(new energy vehicles) are the breakthrough point for China to develop new energy automobiles.
What kind of car is it
NEVs
(new energy vehicles)
While-listening
Listen to an interview with an air pollution expert and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
2
1. The expression “smog” originated in Britain and means a combination of “smoke” and “fog”. ( )
2. Smog became a severe problem in Britain because people at that time burnt lots of fossil fuels. ( )
3. The worst smog in British history happened in London in 1942. ( )
4. The Great Smog of London claimed 5,000 lives. ( )
5. Later, the UK government ordered people not to burn wood in their homes. ( )
T
T
F
F
F
Listen again and take notes on what the expert said. Then summarise the information you got from the interview.
Ben Drake, an expert on air pollution, is being interviewed on the radio. He said that smog was a severe problem ________ ______ century in Britain. At that time, Britain was experiencing a boom in ________. Factories and homes ______________, which created smog. He also mentioned the heavy smog in London _______________________________________ in 1952.Later the UK government restricted ___________ in homes and forced factories to _______________________. As smog is harmful to everyone, the expert advised us to ______________________________, use __________________________, and further develop _______________.
3
in the early 20th
industry
used lots of coal
was particularly bad and caused over 4,000 deaths
burning coal
move away from city centres
replace coal with cleaner forms of energy
new energy-efficient vehicles
green technology
Look at the pictures and answer the question 1.
1. Have you experienced heavy smog where you live Have you seen photos of big cities under clouds of smog What is it like
I have occasionally experienced heavy smog where I live.
I have also seen pictures of heavy smog over cities. It is very thick and hard to see through. There is no doubt that it is not a good thing.
Look at the picture and answer the questions 2-3. The expressions in the box may help you.
Referring to common knowledge
Everyone knows that … There is no doubt that ...
Most people think that ... We all know that…
As is known to all, ... It is obvious that …
2. What do you think are the major causes of smog in China
3. What measures have the government and citizens taken to help
address the problem
Industry and vehicles are the major causes of smog in China.
Most people think that pollution at a certain level is a necessary result of growth, but the government is taking measures to keep it in check by developing green energy solutions and controlling factory and vehicle emissions.
Introduce our surrounding climate environment to your friends use the common knowledge we have learned.
