(共20张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 3
Using Language (I)
Talk about attending a poetry contest
1.能谈论自己写诗的经历并对听力内容进行预测；
2.能学会运用赞美和鼓励的表达用语描述诗歌创作的计划。
新 课 导 入
Let’s enjoy the beautiful poem.
课 堂 学 习
1. Have you ever written a poem before If so, what did you write about
Pre-listening
Some inspirations:
going for a hike in the park/countryside
listening to favourite music
watching a movie
Surfing the Internet
sitting quietly alone
Inspiring by a particular event
surrounding with familiar things
2. What might inspire you to write poems
Use your prior knowledge
If you come across a topic you are familiar with, you can think about what you already know about it before you listen. Using prior knowledge will make it easier for you to predict what you will hear. This will also reduce your anxiety and help you better understand the conversation while listening.
You are going to listen to a conversation between a teacher and her students about a poetry contest. Listen to Part 1 and answer the questions.
2
1. When is the deadline for the poetry contest
2. What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing
3. Why doesn’t Pitt want to enter a poem contest
4. What does George plan to do
The deadline for the poetry contest is 24th June.
By saying that, she means she needs some time to make changes to her written poem in order to improve it.
Because he can’t think of anything to write about.
He plans to write a poem this weekend, but only if he feels inspired.
While-listening
Listen to Part 2 and find out how the students will inspire themselves to write poetry.
1. George:_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Nora: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Pitt: _________________________________________________________
3
He plans to go for a hike in the countryside and sit quietly somewhere so he will notice a lot more to inspire interesting thoughts and words.
She usually writes best when she is surrounded by familiar things and try George’s methods too.
He listens to music while working and writing poetry.
Listen to the two parts again and tick the expressions you hear that are used to praise and encourage somebody.
4
That's a good idea.
That's a good effort.
What a great idea!
Keep up the good work.
I think that's a fantastic idea.
Come on, you can do it.
I like that idea.
You are doing well.
Your ideas sound very encouraging to me.
Do your best.
You know what That's a good idea.
Give it your best shot.
Praising and encouraging
√
√
√
√
1. 从对方的 idea出发
You may begin with:
You know what
I think ...
You may make comments:
That is a (very) ... idea.
Your ideas sound ... to me.
What a/an ... idea!
You may just say:
I like that idea.
2. 从对方的行动表现出发
That's a good effort.
You are doing well.
You did a great job!
3. 直接给出鼓励性的建议
Do your best.
Give it your best shot.
Come on, you can do it.
Keep up the good work.
How to give praising and encouraging
Discuss entering a poem contest like the one in the listening section.
5
1. What kind of poem are you going to write
2. What are the topics you would love to write about
3. How will you inspire yourself to write the poem
4. Will you use rhyming words in your poem Why
Poetry should always be read aloud, as that is when you can hear the music of the words. When reading poetry aloud, start slowly. Find and emphasise the rhythm of the words. Begin to think about how the poem makes you feel – happy, sad, in love – and read the poem with emotion, pouring out your feelings.
Read poetry aloud
Strategy
THE ARROW AND THE SONG
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For, so swiftly it flew, the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.
I breathed a song into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For who has sight so keen and strong,
That it can follow the flight of song
Long, long afterwards, in an oak
I found the arrow, still unbroke;
And the song, from beginning to end,
I found again in the heart of a friend.
H. W. Longfellow
NIGHT
The sun descending in the west,
The evening star does shine;
The birds are silent in their nest,
And I must seek for mine.
The moon, like a flower,
In heaven’s high bower,
With silent delight,
Sits and smiles on the night.
Farewell, green fields and happy groves,
Where flocks have took delight.
Where lambs have nibbled, silent moves
The feet of angels bright;
Unseen, they pour blessing,
And joy without ceasing,
On each bud and blossom,
And each sleeping bosom.
William Blake
Language points
1. When is the deadline for the poetry contest
诗歌比赛的最后期限是什么时候？
contest n. 比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt. 争取赢得(比赛、选举等)；争辩
※contest against… 与……竞争；与……对抗
※contest for… 为获得……而竞争
※contest with… 与……作斗争
※contestant n. 竞争者；争辩者
① They contested ________ unreasonable regulations.
② They contested ______ the position of minister of foreign affairs.
③ Please welcome our next __________ (contest).
against
for
contestant
2.What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing
诺拉说她需要时间来给她的诗歌润色是什么意思？
polish vt. 修改；润色；抛光 n. 上光剂；抛光；擦亮
※polish up 擦亮；磨光；改善；润色
※polish off 很快做完；迅速吃光
e.g.I’ll have to polish up my Spanish before I go to Spain this summer.
3. If you come across① a topic you are familiar with②, you can think about what you already know about it before you listen.如果你碰到一个你熟悉的话题，你可以在听之前先思考一下你所知道的。
① come across 偶然遇见；碰见；讲得清楚明白；被理解；给人……印象
※come about 发生
※come out 长出来；出版；结果是
※come to 达到；谈到
※when it comes to… 当谈及……时
※come up (太阳)升起；发生；被提及
※come up with sth. 找到/提出某事(物)
1）We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes _____ brain power, more must be better.
2）Is this your necklace, Mary I came ________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
to
across
② be/get familiar with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来
be/get familiar with 意为“熟悉……”，其主语只能是人，而宾语是所熟悉的内容或物
be/get familiar to 意为“为……所熟悉”，其主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人
—Are you familiar ______ the music
—Yes. The music is very familiar _____ me, but I can’t remember when and where I heard it.
with
to
5. Using prior knowledge will make it easier for you to predict what you will hear. 利用先前的知识将使你更容易预测你将听到什么。
在“主语＋make＋形式宾语it＋adj./n. ＋动词不定式”结构中，形容词或名词作宾语补足语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。
其他可用于这种结构的动词还有：think，feel，find，consider等。除了动词make外，其他动词用于此结构时，相当于其后接宾语从句。
Some students find/think it very difficult to study English.
＝Some students find/think(that) it is very difficult to study English.
What inspire you to write poems Share your inspirations with classmates.(共29张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 5
Assessing Your Progress
1. 复习本单元的重点单词、短语与定语从句的用法；
2. 通过组织诗歌比赛，了解更多的诗歌形式；
3. 通过观看视频《诗人苏轼》，加深对诗人及其作品的理解，学习关系中国词作相关的英语语言知识。
新 课 导 入
Say the meaning of these words or phrases as quickly as possible!
polish
come across
comprehension
correspond
delicate
drama
sympathy
literary
prejudice
sorrow
complicated
mood
recite
be made up of
respective
be familiar with
课 堂 学 习
Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
amateur era format recite respective rhyme sow version
1
Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music tens of thousands of years ago. In that _____, there were no TVs or films, and writing had not been invented, so people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs to entertain themselves. These songs reflected themes from the people’s daily lives, such as hunting animals or ________ crops. Since nothing was written down, over the years different ________ of these songs developed, and each area would have its own __________ rhythm.
era
respective
versions
sowing
In addition to this, people would ______ stories of past heroes. As these stories were often quite long, they often had ________ and rhythm to help people remember them more easily. While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple ________, over time they became more complicated and more polished. These were no longer the works of _________ sitting around a fire, but works of true poets who cared about their art and who sometimes made a living from it.
format
rhymes
amateurs
recite
不用which做关系代词的几种情况
1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none，all, every, any, much, little, few, no 等指物的不定代词或由它们修饰时关系代词只用that
e.g. I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.
2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.
e.g. He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which.
e.g.This is the best novel that I have ever read.
4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which.
e.g.The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.
e.g.That is the very thing that we can do.
6.当主句是以which、who、what开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that，不用which.
e.g. Which of those books that are on the desk belongs to you
不用that做关系代词的几种情况
1. 常用“prep.＋which”结构
e.g.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
2. 用“n./pron./num./adj. 比较或最高级 + prep.+ which/whom”结构，表示先行词的一部分
e.g.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
3. 非限制性定语从句中，指物用which
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics.
Read the conversations below and write a short description about the poetry or the poet they are talking about. Use relative clauses to connect your sentences.
A: What is free verse
B: Free verse is an open form of poetry.
A: What do you mean by “open”
B: A free verse poem does not follow any rules. It has no regular metre or rhythm.
A: I see. So it means the poet has complete control over their creation.
Conversation 1
2
Free verse is an open form of poetry that does not follow any rules. It has no regular metre or rhythm, which means the poet has complete control over their creation.
A: Who was Langston Hughes
B: He was a famous African-American poet.
A: What’s special about his poems
B: Well, his poems mainly tell the story of black people in America, including their joys and pain.
A: Can you give me an example
B: Dream Variation, for example. It was one of his most celebrated poems. The poem is about the dream of a world free of inequality and racial prejudice.
Conversation 2
Langston Hughes was a famous African-American poet whose poems mainly tell the story of black people in America, including their joys and pain. Dream Variation was one of his most celebrated poems that is about the dream of a world free of inequality and racial prejudice.
How did you think writing an English poem
Was it interesting, useful or challenging
Project: Organise a poetry contest
Project
Work in groups. Surf the Internet to research different forms of poetry and discover their formats.
1
1. ABC Poem
A poem that has five lines and creates a mood, picture, or feeling. Lines 1 through 4 are made up of words, phrases or clauses while the first word of each line is in alphabetical order. Line 5 is one sentence long and begins with any letter.
2. Ballad
A poem that tells a story similar to a folk tale or legend which
often has a repeated refrain.
字母诗
叙事诗
3. Epic
A poem that tells a long story about brave actions and exciting events.
4. Dramatic monologue
A type of poem which is spoken to a listener. The speaker addresses a specific topic while the listener unwittingly reveals details about himself / herself.
史诗
戏剧独白诗
Here are the names of some poem types and examples to get you started:
blank verse 无韵诗 haiku 俳句
cinquain 五行诗 limerick 五行打油诗
concrete (shape) 具象诗 list poem 清单诗
couplet 对联、对句 nursery rhyme 儿歌、童谣
free verse 自由诗 sonnet 十四行诗
Find examples of the three forms of poetry that you can imitate.
THIS IS JUST TO SAY
I have eaten
the plums
that were in
the icebox
and which
you were probably
saying
for breakfast
Forgive me
they were delicious
so sweet
and so cold
William Carlos Williams
Free verse
There was an Old Man in a boat,
Who said, “I’m afloat! I’m afloat!”
When they said, “No! you aint!”
He was ready to faint.
That unhappy Old Man in a boat.
Edward Lear
Limerick
Concrete(shape) poem
Now think of the common themes that go with three types of poems. For example, a limerick should usually be silly, a haiku is often about nature, and a sonnet is often about love.
Love
Celebrations
Nature
Heroes
…
2
Brainstorm ideas and make a mind map related to your theme. You can include in your mind map:
3
your theme
metaphors and similes
your feelings
concrete nouns and vivid verbs
a personal story
words that rhyme
anything the theme makes you think of
limerick
Themes:
silly, funny, nonsense,
place names
Feelings/Personal story:
used to live in Shanghai
Form:
five lines Line 1, 2 & 5 rhyme Line 3 & 4 rhyme
Rhyming words: Shanghai, fly, sky wings, things
There was a young man from Shanghai,
Who wanted to learn how to fly,
So, he made some nice wings,
From feathers and things,
You can see him above in the sky!
Writing
haiku
Themes:
nature, beauty, feelings
Feelings/Personal story:
Looking out of my window this morning.
I find the frost looks pretty.
Form:
three lines
Line 1 = 5 syllables
Line 2 = 7 syllables
Line 3 = 5 syllables
Alliteration:
glint, glisten, glitter
Morning frost outside,
Glints and glistens like glitter,
On everything.
cinquain
Themes: anything
Feelings/Personal story:
writing a poem to teach
students how to write a
poem
Form:
five lines
2,4, 6, 8, 2 syllables
Cinquain:
Very short poems;
Five lines and a few words.
What do you want to write about
Your choice.
The Poet Su Shi
As one of the most popular Song Dynasty poets, Su Shi was not only gifted in poetry, but also made great contributions to other fields such as painting and calligraphy.
Look at the picture and the title. Know something about the poet Su Shi.
Before You Watch
Match each word or phrases with the correct definition.
1. cipai
2. magistrate
3. The Cold Food Festival
4. aspiration
5. the running style
A. a fixed-rhythm form
B. a cursive style of Chinese characters
C. a strong desire to achieve something
D. an official who acts as a judge in a
local court of law
E. an artistic masterpiece of calligraphy
written by Su Shi
While You Watch
2 There are three of Su Shi’s works that are mentioned in the video clip. Take notes about what Su Shi wanted to convey or express through his works and how important these works are.
1. Reflection on the Ancient Red Cliff: _______________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. The Cold Food Festival: ________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Shui Diao Ge Tou: _____________________________________
______________________________________________________
one of his best works; expressed admiration for heroic figures; described his aspirations and sorrows; so popular that nearly every Chinese student can recite it
expressed his loneliness and disappointment; ranked third overall in running script category
shows confidence and optimism; encourages people and gives them hope in the hardest times
After You Watch
Discuss these questions in groups.
1. What else do you know about Su Shi and his works
2. Based on what you have learnt about Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi
from this book, what do you think they have in common
Su Shi's artist name was "Dongpo". Around 2,700 poems of his poems have survived.
Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi were both prominent figures during the Song Dynasty. They both held important political positions. I think they both took their roles seriously.
I think the basic values that influenced these Chinese scholars were duty to their work and to their country. They also both showed great positivity despite the hardships they faced in their lives.
3. What do you think are the basic values that influenced
these two Chinese scholars in ancient times
Could you retell how many forms of poetry that you have learnt (共24张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 4
Using Language (Ⅱ)
Write a poem
1. 通过阅读经典英文诗歌，从不同维度赏析诗歌，理解诗歌中的意象及内涵；
2. 通过分析诗歌，能写出诗歌作品赏析短文；
3. 通过学习诗歌主题、意象、韵律及修辞手法等知识，能
够学会自行创作诗歌
新 课 导 入
Brainstorm
1. How to understand a poem
2. What should the readers consider while reading poems
课 堂 学 习
Subject
Images
Tone
Rhythm and sounds
Feelings and emotions
Rhetorical devices
The following points may help you.
Pre-reading
Make a list of questions that the readers should consider while reading poems.
1
What is the subject of the poem
What is the poem about
What images does the poet use
What is the tone of the poem
What feelings and emotions does the poet try to make the reader feel
How does the poem make you feel
Which emotions is the poet trying to convey to the reader
How does the poem make you feel
Does the poet use rhyming words
Which rhetorical devices are used in the poem
Does the poet use alliteration Metaphor or simile Repetition of words or phrases
Read the poems below and then complete the table.
2
WIND ON THE HILL
No one can tell me,
Nobody knows,
Where the wind comes from,
Where the wind goes.
It's flying from somewhere
As fast as it can,
I couldn't keep up with it,
Not if I ran.
But if I stopped holding
The string of my kite,
It would blow with the wind
For a day and a night.
And then when I found it,
Wherever it blew,
I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.
So then I could tell them
Where the wind goes...
But where the wind comes from
Nobody knows.
A. A. Milne
While-reading
DREAM
Hold fast to dreams,
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams,
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
Langston Hughes
A MATCH
If love were what the rose is,
And I were the leaf,
Our lives would grow together
In sad or singing weather,
Brown fields or flowerful closes,
Green pleasure or grey grief;
If love were what the rose is,
And I were like the leaf.
A. C. Swinburne
Post-reading
Wind on the Hill Dream A Match
Subject
Images
Rhyming words
Rhetorical devices
repetition alliteration
the wind
kite, person
repetition metaphor, simile
rose; leaf; fields
die/fly
go/snow
love
broken-winged bird, barren field frozen with snow
repetition
metaphor
knows/goes
can/ran
kite/night
blew/too
goes/knows
dreams
together/weather
closes/is
grief/leaf
The poem Dream by Langston Hughes is very short with only 8 lines. When I read the poem aloud I can hear that the ends of the second and forth sentences rhyme—"die" and "fly". The last word from the sixth and eighth sentences also rhyme—"go" and "snow". These rhyming words sound nice and make the poem pleasing to read.
When I close my eyes, I can see different images from the poem. For example, I can see hands being held. I can see a bird flying in the sky. I can see a field and I can imagine what it looks like with lots of snow. I start to feel cold when I read these lines!
Choose one of the poems and write a short essay about it. The following example may help you.
3
I learnt a new phrase , "hold fast", which means to hold on something. "Barren" is also a new word to me, which means empty.
I think the poet is giving us advice. He wants us to keep dreaming, because life is much better when we dream and have something to look forward to.
How to write a short essay about a poem
写法一：
通过对全诗的整体分析，表达自己的观点。
4.
作品的艺术手法分析
（通常结合在作品意向分析之中）
5.
作品艺术特点的综合评价
（常带有总结的意味）
1.
作者简介
2.
作品写作
背景简介
3.
作品意向分析
（诗句的解释或翻译，诗句所表达的情感、思想和意境）
写法二：
就诗歌最突出的方面进行分析，表达自己的见解。
采用这种写法时，作者只需要抓住其中一个方面，如意境、语言表达、某一手法等。对于其他方面则可不提及，因而采用这种写法的文章篇幅一般较短小。
写作布局
体 裁 人 称 时 态 要 点 结 构 图 开头 点题 提炼出诗歌中所包含的信息。
议论文 第三人称为主 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 主体 段落 多种方式表达，层次分明，结构清晰，过渡自然。
结尾 针对诗歌中所提供的信息，发表自己的观点。
Here is a poem titled ... by...
It is popular with Chinese readers.
This poem is about nature and life.
It is written with special writing skills.
It rhymes at the end of each line.
The language of the poem is descriptive and vivid.
Whenever we read this poem, some characters appear clearly.
Only by reading it repeatedly can we grasp the spirit of this poem.
Considered as one of the greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty,… will undoubtedly live in people’s heart forever.
In my opinion, the young generation today should understand and learnt form the poem.
Write your own poem by following these steps.
4
Start with the theme first. Ask yourself, “What message do I want to give to the reader What is important to me ”
Next, think about the words and phrases you would like to use. Make a list of words related to your theme.
Then check how well your details paint a picture in your need. Now write the poem. Read it aloud and listen to how it sounds.
Finally, give it a title. Now your poem is ready!
1. 目的明确。人们写诗歌出于各种各样的目的，有的是为了讲述一个故事，有的是为了表达感情，有的是为了描述事物等等。
2. 内容充实。诗歌要言之有物，传达出作者对外在世界的独特感受，所表现的题材要有深刻丰富的内心体验。
3. 形式适当。在写诗歌时要注意选择一种既能实现写作目的又能驾驭的形式。
如何写英文诗歌
4. 语言得当。诗歌的语言不同于我们的日常用语，也不同于一般的小说和散文的语言。诗人只有对实用语言加以“破坏、改造”，如英国著名诗人艾略特所说的那样“扭断语法的脖子”，才能使之成为诗歌的语言。
5. 有节奏感。在语言的外观上，诗歌通常是以分行排列的方式呈现，且要有和谐的音韵，鲜明的节奏。诗歌的押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定的音韵效果，一首诗歌的押韵具有一定的规律，尤其是在诗句的末尾，即尾韵。
Writing
There once was a boy who thought,
He could eat all the sweets he had bought.
He gobbled them down,
Then started to frown,
‘Cause he’d eaten more than he ought.
1. But if① I stopped holding The string② of my kite, It would blow with the wind For a day and a night. 但如果我停下来， 不再紧握我手中的风筝线，它将随风飘走，一天一夜。
① 此句是if引导的虚拟条件句，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设。主句谓语用 “would + 动词原形”，从句谓语用过去式。
虚拟情况 if 从句（谓语动词形式） 主句（谓语动词形式）
对现在情况的虚拟 过去式（be 动词用were） would/should/could/might+ 动词原形
对过去情况的虚拟 had done would/should/could/might + have done
对将来情况的虚拟 过去式（be 动词用were）/should+ 动词原形/ were to+ 动词原形 would/should/could/might+ 动词原形
Language points
② string n. 细绳; 线; 一串 vt. 悬挂; 系 adj. 弦乐器的; 线织的
※a string of 一系列；一串
※string along with sb. 和某人合伙
※string… on… (把……) 挂在……上；串
※string out 排列成行，拖延时间
※string… up 悬挂起；绞死；紧张
1）Lights had ___________ (string) on the trees of the big gardens.
2）You should string along ______ me because I know this business inside out.
been strung
with
【易混辨析】
string 普通用词, 指捆绑小件物品的细绳或细带子
rope 指用于捆绑大物件的粗壮而坚固的绳子
cord 比string粗, 比rope细, 较牢固, 通常用于捆扎较小物品的线或绳
thread 指用棉、毛、丝或纤维等拧成的很细的线, 通常用于缝纫、纺织等
2. And then when I found it, Wherever it blew, I should know that the wind Had been going there too. 后来当我找到它时，无论它飘到哪儿， 我会知道风，也曾经去过那里。
在本句中，wherever it blew 是 wherever 引导的让步状语从句，wherever 意为“无论哪里”，相当于no matter where。
【归纳拓展】
① wherever 还可引导地点状语从句。
e.g. You can’t camp wherever (where/anywhere) you like these days.
② whenever，however，whoever，whatever，whichever 也可引导让步状语从句，通常可以转换为“no matter+ 疑问词”结构。
Now tell us what we should do before writing a poem.(共28张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 2
Review Useful Structures
1.复习各类定语从句的功能、意义与用法；
2.能在实际情境中灵活运用定语从句。
新 课 导 入
1.There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
2.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
3.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
4.Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.
Observe the following attributive clauses and find out their antecedents.
课 堂 学 习
定语从句 Attributive clause
关系词：1.引导定语从句的词
2.代替先行词
3.在从句中充当句子成分
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词
There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
复合句（complex sentence）
主句（principal clause） 从句（subordinate clause）
1个 ≥1个
可独立存在 不能独立存在
定语从句的分类
定语从句 限制性 紧跟先行词
非限制性 逗号——与主句分开
1.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
2.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
关系词的分类
关系词 代替 在从句中的成分
代词 which 物 主/宾
that 物 人 主/宾/表
who 人 主/宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人 物 定
副词 when 先行词 时间状语
where 地点状语
why 先行词 the reason 原因状语 等于for which 引导的定语从句
关系代词 as 正如；像 代替 在从句中的成分
先行词 the same, such
主/宾/表
被the same, such所修饰的词
关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，as/which 指代整个主句的意思。
关系代词as与which的区别
关系代词as与which的区别
① as引导的非限定性定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。从句的位置可在句首、句中或句尾。定语从句中出现以下动词作谓语：
e.g. Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.
see find believe know think expect imagine say report declare announce be
usual
见 思 言 其它
关系代词as与which的区别
② which 引导的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。它引导的从句的位置不像as引导的从句那样灵活，只能位于主句的后面。
e.g.He changed his mind again, which(= and that) made us all angry.
关系代词which和that的区别
关系代词 which与that
一般情况下可以互换 一些情形不能互换
不用which 只用which
不用which做关系代词的几种情况
1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none, all, every, any, much, little, few, no等指物的不定代词或由它们修饰时关系代词只用that.
e.g. I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.
2.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that, 不用which.
e.g. He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 而不用which.
e.g. This is the best novel that I have ever read.
4.当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that, 不用which.
e.g. The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时，
关系代词用that,不用which.
e.g. That is the very thing that we can do.
6.当主句是以which, who, what开头的特殊问句时，引导定
语从句的关系代词用that, 不用which.
e.g. Which of those books that are on the desk belongs to you
不用that做关系代词的几种情况
1. 常用“prep.＋which”结构
e.g. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
2. 用“n./pron./num./adj. 比较或最高级 + prep.+ which/whom”结构，表示先行词的一部分
e.g. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
3. 非限制性定语从句中，指物用which
e.g. Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics.
1. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
The cup (that / which) you bought is broken.
2. 在某些表示时间、地点的词后的限制性定语从句中，关系副词在口语中有时省略。
I’ll never forget the year (when) I stayed in Beijing.
This is the place (where) I lived five years ago.
关系词的省略
注意：
非限制性定语从句通常由who, whom, which, whose, when, where及“介词+which / whom”引导，且关系词一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代整个主句内容。
1. The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous collection of children’s poems. It is known to people in China.
2. There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective. In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children feelings.
The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous collection of children’s poems that is known to people in China.(1)
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
1
There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective in which the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children feelings.(5)
3. The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems. The focus of the poems is on the parent-child relationship.
4. The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.
The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems, the focus of which is on the parent-child relationship.(3)
The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.(4)
5. Many people love to read this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
6. It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature
It was written by the Indian poet Tagore who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature(2)
The reason why many people love to read this collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.(6)
If you study the history of English literature, you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. They were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era. Elizabeth Barrett started to write poetry from about the age of six. In 1844, Elizabeth’s Poems brought her great success. It also attracted the admiration of poet Robert Browning. Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. The couple exchanged many letters.
Read the following introduction about the Brownings. Help the author edit the passage to make it more concise, using relative clauses if necessary.
2
These letters obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two. Elizabeth had been ill for many years. She stayed at home and almost never saw visitors. Browning was sure about his love, so he found a way to visit her, and immediately convinced her to become his bride. However, their subsequent marriage was carried out in secret. It was because Barrette’s father was a dominant and selfish man. He would refuse to let his daughter go. The couple moved to Italy in 1846. Elizabeth lived there for the rest of her life. Browning had a great influence on Elizabeth’s writing. The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese. The sonnets were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
If you study the history of English literature, you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era. Elizabeth Barrett started to write poetry from about the age of six. In 1844, Elizabeth's Poems brought her great success and also attracted the admiration of poet Robert Browning. Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. The couple exchanged many letters, which obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two. Elizabeth had been ill for many years.
She stayed at home and almost never saw visitors. Browning was sure about his love, so he found a way to visit her, and immediately convinced her to become his bride. However, their subsequent marriage was carried out in secret because her father was a dominant and selfish man who would refuse to let his daughter go. The couple moved to Italy in 1846, where Elizabeth lived for the rest of her life. Browning had a great influence on Elizabeth's writing. The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese that were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
Work in pairs. Describe favourite Chinese poets using sentences that contain relative clauses.
EXAMPLE
BaiJuyi was one of the greatest Chinese poets who ever lived. He was born during the mid-Tang Dynasty, which was a period of rebuilding and recovery for the Tang Empire.
3
1.Who is your favourite Chinese poet
2.Which aspects will be chosen to introduce him or her
Li Bai Du Fu Xin Qiji Wang Wei
Language points
1.In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings. 在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表现了对孩子感情的同情理解。
sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
※be sympathetic to/towards sb. /sth. 同情/支持某人，赞同某事
※sympathy n. 同情；赞同
※feel/have sympathy for sb. 同情某人
※in sympathy with... 赞同；支持
※out of sympathy 出于同情
※sympathetically adv. 同情地
① The newspapers are largely (sympathy) to the president.
② I have sympathy Jane. It’s not all her own fault.
③ The seamen went on strike in sympathy the workers.
sympathetic
for
with
2. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood. 原因是他们能感觉到爱的温暖、享受童年的纯真。
※本句中的that引导的表语从句。The reason is that... 原因是……
※类似结构还有：
①This/That is because... 这/那是因为……，because引导表语从句，表示原因。
②This/That is why... 这/那就是为什么……，why引导表语从句，表示结果。
③The reason why... is that... ……的原因是……，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句(切记不可用because)，that从句表示原因。
①The reason she didn’t see the film last night was she had seen it before. 昨晚她没去看电影的原因是她以前看过这部电影。
that
why
3. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。
句中不定式短语to win the Nobel Prize in Literature作后置定语，修饰the first Asian。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。
英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
1) 被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
2) 不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语；
3) 抽象名词way, chance, ability, courage, opportunity, wish等后常用不定式作定语；
4) 被修饰词前有the only, the very, the next等词对其进行修饰时；
5) 表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，也有被动形式)。
①Will you attend the meeting (hold) tomorrow？
你会参加明天举行的会议吗？
②You are the only person (go) abroad for further study in our company.
你是我们公司去国外进修的唯一人选。
③Thank you for giving me the chance (make) a speech.
谢谢你给我发言的机会。
to be held
to go
to make
4. Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. 布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们就开始私人通信了。
correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系；通信；相符，相似；一致，相当
※in correspondence with 与……有通信联系；与……一致
※correspond vi.通信；相类似；相应；一致；符合
※correspond with sb. 与某人通信
※correspond to 相当于……；类似于……
※correspond with/to 与……一致；符合
① The translation does not correspond the original, which made us all confused.
to/with
Now could you retell the differences between “that” and “which” in the attributive clauses (共32张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(I)
1.熟悉并掌握文中的重点词汇、短语与句型；
2.通过阅读，了解几种简单的英文诗歌形式，掌握其基本特征和语言特点。
新 课 导 入
Let’s appreciate the poem—The Road Not Taken
课 堂 学 习
Forms of literature Example Characteristics
Novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer vivid character(s), complete plot development, setting descriptions, …
Drama
Short story
What are the different forms of literature that you already know about
What are the characteristics of each form of literature
1. Compared with other forms of literature such as the novel, drama,
and the short story, what are the characteristics of poetry
Discuss the questions with your partner.
1
Pre-reading
Twinkle twinkle little star
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high
Like a diamond in the sky.
Compared to other forms of literature, poetry tends to be shorter though a poem can be very long. Words are used differently, not in sentences and paragraphs like in novels, but lines and stanzas. Often grammar and punctuation are ignored or used differently. Poetry is more emotional, and the possibilities are much more open than in prose.
Brainstorm
2. Why do you think people write poems
Why
to tell a story
to express feelings
to recall an enjoyable or unpleasant incident
to encourage people
to create a mood
to make others laugh
to express a point of view
to play with words
…
to create images for the readers
Skimming
Read the text and answer the two questions.
1. What is the main topic of the text
2. How many forms of poems does the text talk about What are they
It is about a few simple forms of English poems.
Five. They are Nursery rhyme(童谣), List poem (清单诗), Cinquain(五行诗), Haiku (俳句诗) and Tang poem (唐诗).
Para. 1
Para. 7
Why people compose poetry
What are the distinctive characteristics of poetry
Para. 2-6
Scanning
Read the text again and and draw a mind map of the passage.
closing paragraph:
an encouragement to the readers
Para. 1
Why people
compose poetry
to tell a story
to describe a certain image
to convey certain feelings
joy
sorrow
Distinctive characteristics
economical use of words
descriptive and vivid language
integrated imagery
literary devices
similes
metaphors
arrangement
words
lines
rhymes
rhythm
Now we will
look at a few of
the simpler forms.
Main body
Careful-reading
Para. 2
Nursery rhymes
usually
traditional poems
folk songs
language
to the point
a storyline
easy to
learn and recite
even seem contradictory
may not make sense
learn about language
A
rhyme
a strong rhythm
repeat
a flexible
line length
Para. 3 List poem
things
people
repeated phrases
a pattern
a rhythm
one of the
simplest kinds of poem
descriptions
give
theme
B & C
ideas
contains a list
Para. 4
Cinquain
only five lines
just a few words
a strong picture
a certain mood
amateurs can easily write
convey
D
Para. 5
Haiku
a Japanese form
very popular with
English writers
easy to write
very few words
a clear picture
a special feeling
not a traditional form of English poetry
E
5 syllables
7 syllables
5 syllables
3 lines
17 syllables
Para. 6 poems from China
those from
the Tang Dynasty
Tang poetry
F
Para. 7
An encouragement to the readers
The closing paragraph
Read the text and complete the table.
Type of poem Characteristics Example Topics and poetic devices
Nursery rhyme concrete but creative language A love between father and baby
rhymes, repetition
List poem B
C
lists of things, people, ideas, or descriptions of a particular theme
flexible line length
repeated phrases for patterns and rhythm
nature
repetition
life
repetition
Type of poem Characteristics Example Topics and poetic devices
Cinquain D
Haiku E
Tang poem F
17 syllables
three lines containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively
structured
brother
strong picture or mood
simple form
five lines
nature
waiting
Post-reading
1. Which poem do you like best Why
2. Does each of the poems we’ve read paint a picture in your
mind Which poem does What is the picture
人教 选择性必修第三册
Unit 5
Period 1
Build up your vocabulary(Ⅱ)
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
Language points
1. Others try to convey① certain feelings such as joy and sorrow②. 另一些(诗歌)尝试传达某种感情, 如喜悦和悲伤。
① convey vt. 传达, 表达; 运送; 传递(思想、感情等)
※convey a message/one’s feelings 传达一个信息/某人的感觉
※convey+that/wh-从句 传达……; 表达……
※convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达/表达某物
※convey one’s best wishes to sb. 向某人表达最好的祝愿
※convey one’s apologies to sb. 向某人表示歉意
1) I want to convey the information ___ everyone that reading is one of the greatest fun in life.
2) Body language _______(convey) much more information than spoken language.
to
conveys
② sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事
※to one’s sorrow 令某人悲痛的是
※share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
※more in sorrow than in anger 悲哀多于愤怒
※drown your sorrows 借酒消愁
※mix joy with sorrow 悲喜交加
2. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. 这些童谣（如诗歌A）的语言简单明了，但是带有故事情节。
to the point 切题的；中肯的
※off the point 跑题
※come straight to the point 开门见山
※brief and to the point 简明扼要
※stick to the point 扣紧主题
※come to the point 说到要点
e.g. I’ll come straight to the point: what you are doing has disturbed us.
3. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory. 这些诗似乎是讲不通甚至是矛盾的。
make sense 讲得通, 有意义
※make no sense 讲不通; 没道理
※in a sense 在某种意义上
※in no sense 决不
①What she referred to was so confusing that they _______________________ it.
她说的不清楚, 他们无法理解。
②The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still __________________.
老师试了许多次, 但这个长句依然讲不通。
could hardly make sense of
could not make sense
4. One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things. 最简单的一种诗的类型就是清单诗, 它包括了很多东西。
contain vt. 包含; 容纳; 克制; 抑制(强烈的感情等) vi. 含有; 自制
(1) contain 通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物
(2) include 通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内, 常构成分词短语sth. included/including sth.
①There are 60 students in our class, __________(contain) 35 boys and 25 girls.
②The album contains forty pictures, _________(include) ten of my brother’s.
containing
including
5. Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. 另外一种业余爱好者容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的, 叫做五行诗。
be made up of 由……组成/构成 (多用于被动结构)
be made up of=be composed of 由……组成（整体由部分构成）=consist of
※make up 组成; 补足; 化妆; 编造
※be made up of 由……所组成
※make up for 补偿; 弥补
※make up one’s mind 下定决心
①The medical team _____ (make) up of two doctors and five nurses had arrived.
②After all the delays, we were anxious to make ___ for lost time.
made
up
6. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. 用五行诗，你只需几句话就能表达出强烈的画面或某种情绪。
mood n. 情绪；心情；语气
※in a good mood 好心情
※in a bad mood 坏心情
※in the mood for/to do. . . 有心情去做……
※in no mood for/ to do. . . 没有心情去做……
※in the mood 兴致勃勃
① I’m just not in the mood ______ a party tonight.
② I’m in no mood _________ (attend) the party.
for
to attend
7. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
俳句是日本诗歌形成的一种, 它包括17个音节。
consist vi. 由……组成
※consist of 包含(不用于被动语态和进行时态)
※consist in 在于……
※consist with 一致；符合
①The band __________(consist) of 3 members enjoys great popularity in China.
②Success consists ___ the ability to learn lessons from failures.
consisting
in
8. There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的原因。
(1)其常见的基本句式: The reason why/for which is/was that. . . , 意为“……的原因是……”, why在定语从句中作状语。
(2)reason当先行词时, 且关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 一般用that/which引导定语从句, 作宾语时, 还可以省略。
①Tom should tell me the reason ____ he was late for our date this morning.
②Did you hear the reason ____ he gave for being late
③The reason why we don’t trust him is ____ he often lies.
why
that
that
Find the words in the poems that rhyme with the words below. Then add other words that rhyme. The first one has been done for you.
1 mockingbird, word, heard
2 sad
3 sky
4 together
5 teasing
bad, glad, mad
by, fly, eye, why
weather, feather, whether
shouting, laughing, singing, running
1
Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.
delicate drama arrange compose literary rhythm sorrow poetry
1. It seems incredible to me that the question of how best to ________ books on
shelves could cause a lively online discussion.
2. The purpose of ______ criticism is to get to the core of the text and discover
what message the author is attempting to convey.
3. If you need to handle a _______ situation, you should behave wisely.
4. The poet _________ quite a few poems featuring the image of cherry blossoms,
and describing the joys and _______ of life.
5. Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English
_______. It is so close to the natural _______ of English speech and it has no
rhyming. In Shakespeare’s ________, characters from civilians to kings all speak
in blank verse, but still in distinctive voices.
arrange
literary
delicate
2
composed
sorrows
poetry
rhythm
dramas
1. Could you ______ what you just said
2. Students are required to ______ over 60 ancient poems or works
of prose they have learnt from their Chinese course.
3. If you have finished reading the story, please try to ______ it in
your own words.
repeat
recite
retell
Complete each sentence using the correct word.
recite / repeat / retell
3
4. Her ______ rose at the approach of the summer holidays.
5. We couldn't see any _______ in him. He is so calm in spite
of what he has experienced.
6. Rainy days always put everyone in a depressed ______.
spirits
mood
emotion
emotion / mood / spirit
Could you retell the forms and characteristics of English poems.
