(共16张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 3
Using Language (I)
Learn how to handle challenges
1.通过听一段音频，学会识别因果关键词，能正确理解人物的言行和抉择；
2.能运用有关选择的表达句式，讨论如何选择救援队员。
新 课 导 入
What can you see in the two pictures
Do you think it was easy for the Shackleton rescue team to get to South Georgia Island by the boat
South Georgia Island
课 堂 学 习
About Living in Antarctica
Did you know that the Antarctic winter happens during June, July and August And that "night" is theoretically six months long at the geographic pole, where it is continuously twilight or dark during the winter months The height of Antarctic summer is in January, bringing 24 hours of continuous sunlight.
Shackleton and a team tried to sail to another island to find help.
1
Pre-listening
What difficulties or challenges do you think they would have to face
Brainstrom
While-listening
2
Listen to one of the team members talk about the rescue plan and their journey. Complete the summary.
The team consisted of _______ members. They sailed on rough seas for days before they landed on the ________ side of South Georgia Island. Later they climbed over the mountains and __________ the whaling station. Later, Shackleton arranged for a rescue boat to return to _________ Island. Luckily, everyone was _______.
six
wrong
arrived at
Elephant
still alive
Look at these questions carefully and find something in common.
1. Why was it necessary for Shackleton to travel to South Georgia Island
2. Why was it important to include a navigator in the team
3. Why did Shackleton choose the most difficult and unfriendly man to join the rescue mission
4. Why did Shackleton look extremely old
They are all about the cause and effect.
Cause: "事情发生的原因" (The Reason Why Something Happens)
Effect : "由于原因而发生的事情" (What Happens Because of The Cause)
Cause & Effect
Identify cause and effect
During a talk, a speaker can talk about cause and effect. Causes are often introduced with phrases like Due to…, The reason for this is…, and because …, while effects are introduced by phrases like That’s why …, This means …, … so as to …, so that ….
Could you list more words or phrases about cause and effect
as, since, as a result, caused, resulted, affected, owing to, because of
1. Why was it necessary for Shackleton to travel to South Georgia Island
2. Why was it important to include a navigator in the team
3. Why did Shackleton choose the most difficult and unfriendly men to join the
rescue mission
4. Why did Shackleton look extremely old
3
Listen again and answer these questions.
Shackleton had to travel to South Georgia Island to get help to rescue the rest of his crew.
It was important to include a navigator so they would know where they were going and not get lost.
Shackleton chose him because he wanted the crew left behind to remain cheerful and positive and the man would have had a negative influence on the crew.
Shackleton looked extremely old because of the conditions but also because he was very worried about the fate of his crew left behind.
Which two sailors do you think Shackleton chose to join the rescue team
4
Name Skills Qualities
1 Frank Wild good leader experienced in exploring the Antarctic
loyal, kind, and calm
2 Frank Worsley excellent navigator experienced sailor odd behaviour at times, but liked by crew
3 Tom Crean second officer experienced in living in the Antarctic strong, energetic, and brave
4 Hubert Hudson navigator best at catching penguins friendly and lively
5 Thomas Orde-Lees efficient store keeper motor expert excellent skier selfish, lazy, and bad-tempered
Exploring options
What do you think (about) …
How do you feel (about) …
Let’s look at …
What / How about …
Any ideas
What are the alternatives
Let’s move on to the next candidate.
Should we move on to the next one
A: We have to decide on which two sailors Shackleton chose for his rescue
team. Let’s look at Frank Wild.
B: He is good leader and is experienced in exploring the Antarctic. So, I
think he’s suitable to join the rescue team.
C: Hmm, I think we should move on the next sailor. According to Perce’s
diary entries, Frank Wild was left with the other crew members on
Elephant Island.
A: I agree. Let’s move on to the next candidate. What do you think about
Frank Worsley
B: Well, he is ….
A: OK, we need to choose the two sailors that joined Shackleton's rescue team.
Let's look at our choices.
B: So how about Frank Wild and Tom Crean They were both experienced in
exploring and living in the Antarctic, and they also had many good qualities,
such as being kind and strong.
C: Yes, but look at Perce's diary. Frank Wild stayed on Elephant Island with the
others. So we can cross him off our list.
B: Oh, yes, well spotted. Then what about Tom Crean Anyone have any ideas
A: Well, he was good at living in the Antarctic, so maybe he stayed on the island
to help, but I think his strength and bravery meant that Shackleton would have
chosen him for the dangerous mission.
B: Agreed, so one choice is Tom Crean. OK, let's move on to another candidate. How
do you feel about Frank Worsley
A: I think he is a good choice because he was an excellent navigator.
C: I agree. The rescue team needed a good navigator. He could be our second choice.
B: But what about Hubert Hudson He was also good at navigating.
A: Yes, but he was also the best at catching penguins, so I think he would have
stayed on the island with the others so they had enough to eat.
C: Sounds reasonable. But we should also look at Thomas Orde-Lees. He was an
excellent skier, so maybe he could be helpful on the mission.
B: Hmm… maybe, but I think he didn't have as much to offer as Frank and Tom.
Besides, Perce complained about him in his diary, so I think he probably stayed on
the island.
A: I agree, so let's choose Frank and Tom.
Which sailor will you choose to join the rescue team
What qualities are required (共21张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 5
Assessing Your Progress
1.复习本单元的重点词汇、短语以及现在完成进行时的用法；
2.能以具有坚毅品质的人物为话题作报告；
3. 通过观看视频，了解登山员攀登“剃刀峰”的故事，学习他们乐观、勇于攀登的精神。
新 课 导 入
Say the meaning of these words or phrases as quickly as possible!
motive
give off
resolve
commitment
decent
bitter
thorough
assign
turn sb. down
enthusiastic
keep up
sink
envy
carry out
abandon
make fire
课 堂 学 习
candidate commitment cruel damp motive resolution wage
1
Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words in the box.
One hundred years ago, exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business. Because of the ______ weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic, the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers died.The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low ________ and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold and _______ weather.
cruel
wages
damp
They also had to have a strong ________ to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was, great personal discipline, and a firm ___________ to the other members of the team. Yet, many _________ still applied to join such explorations. Some might have wanted to become famous. Others were looking for rewards. However, the ________ for many was to experience a great adventure.
candidate commitment cruel damp motive resolution wage
resolution
motive
candidates
commitment
1. The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, _____ deeply __________ (influence) Chinese culture.
2. Henry _______(join) the navy when he was 20 and he _________ (retire) now.
3. The girl __________(want) to meet the pianist ever since she ________(attend) his concert.
has
influenced
joined
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
has retired
has wanted
attended
2
4. _______ you _______(hear) of the saying “Curiosity killed the cat”
5. Your fridge ____________(give off) a terrible smell. When
____ you last ______(clean) it
6. As the children are older now, we __________ (think) of moving to
a bigger house.
7. My friend Maggie ______________(ask) me to visit her for ages, but
I ____ not really ______ (have) the time.
8. I _________(expect) the movie to end happily, but actually it has a
sad ending.
Have heard
is giving off
did clean
are thinking
has been asking
do
have
expected
Project
Give a report on people who persevere
Brainstorm and make a list of possible candidates that you would like to conduct research on.
1
Name: Frédéric Francois Chopin
(March 1, 1810-October 17, 1849)
Gender: male
Occupation: composer, pianist
Country: Poland
Name: Sima Qian (145BCE- )
Gender: male
Occupation: historian
Country: China
Name: Ludwig van Beethoven
(Dec 16, 1770-March 26, 1827)
Gender: male
Occupation: composer
Country: Germany
Choose three people to do your research on. Each person should come from a different country and have faced a different challenges.
2
Basic background information about the person
What people think of him / her
His / Her subsequent achievements
How he / she overcame the difficulties
Challenges that this person faced
Here are the kinds of information you should gather:
After gathering the information you need, create an outline to help you organise ideas for your report.
3
After gathering the information you need, create an outline to help you organise ideas for your report.
4
Date of birth: ___________________________
Birthplace: _____________________________
Education: __________________________________
30 December, 1930
Zhejiang Province, China
Studying medicine at Peking University
Read the following information. Then introduce Tu Youyou to your partner based on what you have written.
Basic information
Scientific work
Task and difficulties: ____________________________________
______________________________________________________
_________________
Research: _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________
Discovery: ______________________________
Task is to find a cure for malaria. Difficulties are limited resources, not enough staff and poor working conditions.
1. tested more than 240,000 chemicals
2. Researched hundreds of traditional recipes
3. tested herself
artemisinin
Towards the honour: ____________________
Towards future research: ________________________________
____________________________________________________
Attitudes
Not interested in fame
Feels it’s a recognition and motivation for all scientists in China
On 7 December, 2015, Tu Youyou
was awarded a Nobel Prize for her
discovery of artemisinin, a life-saving
drug for malaria.
Tu Youyou majored in medicine in university and later studied Chinese medicine with experts in the field.
In 1969, Tu Youyou was given the mission to set up a team to find a cure for malaria.
When worldwide scientists failed to find a cure using modern chemicals, Tu Youyou turned to Chinese herbs for help. Despite their limited resources and hundreds of failed experiments, they found a possible chemical. In order to test the medicine, Tu Youyou and her team tested the medicine on their own bodies. They finally discovered the most effective drug to cure the disease.
Although Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize and become well-known, she is uninterested in fame and prefers to continue her research.
Do you know the spirit of mountaineers
Antarctic Challenge
In 1996, author and mountain climber Jon Krakauer attempted to climb Mount Qomolangma. While he was successful in his climb, the mountain was hit by bad weather that day, and eight other climbers—some of his good friends—were killed. Less than a year later, Krakauer and five other men attempted to climb Mount Rakekniven in Antarctica.
Before you watch
Read the following events and try to number them in the correct order.
_____ The climbers wait in their tents for the bad weather to pass.
1 The team travels 64 kilometres over the ice and snow.
_____ The team begins the climb again.
_____ The team spends the night in tents that hang about 450 metres above the ground.
_____ The team reaches the top of the mountain.
_____ Lead climber Conrad Ankor begins climbing Mount Rakekniven.
_____ Jon Krakauer puts a flag on the top of the mountain.
_____ The weather changes.
_____ The team is forced to climb down the peak.
5
6
7
8
2
9
3
4
While you watch
Answer the questions using information from the video.
1. What is so special about Mount Rakekniven
2. What is Jon Krakauer's main job on this climb
3. Apart from the steepness of the mountain, what makes this climb
especially difficult
4. How long does the climb take in total
Mount Rakekniven is special because it had never been climbed before.
Jon Krakauer's main job is to put the flag on the top of the mountain.
The climb is also especially difficult because of the changing and extreme weather conditions, and also the rocks which are sharp and also fail easily.
The climb takes ten days in total.
1. Why do you think Krakauer wanted to climb another mountain again so soon after climbing Mount Qomolangma
2. The video says that the challenge of the climb was "not only physical, but personal" for Krakauer. What do you think this means
3. How might a difficult challenge help a person overcome sadness or other bad feelings
After you watch
I think Krakauer wanted to climb another mountain so soon because he had lost friends on the previous climb and wanted to succeed for them.
I think this means he had to overcome the physical challenges of climbing in those conditions, but also the personal emotions of climbing so soon after losing friends while climbing.
A person facing sadness or bad feelings may feel depressed with no desire to do anything but overcoming a difficult challenge could prove their self-worth and show them life goes on and is still worth living.
Could you give a report on people who persevere (共22张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 2
Discover Useful Structures
1.能理解现在完成进行时的功能和意义；
2.能学会在真实场景中灵活运用现在完成进行时。
新 课 导 入
1.I started to watching the movie one hours ago.
（过去发生的动作）
2.I am still watching the movie now and it is still showing.
（一直持续到现在）
I have been watching the movie.
Present perfect continuous tense
（现在完成进行时态）
Structure : have/has + been doing sth.
1.现在完成进行时表示过去开始到现在（没有停止）且还将_______的动作，一般翻译成:_______________。
持续
一直做某事
I started to watch the film.
past
now
future
Definition
I am still watching
课 堂 学 习
EXAMPLE This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Look at the sentence in the present perfect continuous tense. Find more examples from the previous text.
1
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive,…
We have been struggling for days, but …
Let’s discuss the function of the tense.
肯定句：主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词...
e.g. I've been trying to find out her telephone number.
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + been + 现在分词...
e.g. I've not been feeling very well for the past few days.
一般疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词...
Yes, 主语 + have/has（been + 现在分词...）.
No, 主语 + have/has + not（been + 现在分词...）.
特殊疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 现在分词...
Sentence pattern
一、表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者始于过去，现在刚刚终止，但注重的是结果。
e.g.You have been saying that for five years.I’m fed up with it.
e.g.Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
二、表示过去某一动作的延续性和重复性，并常带有较强的感彩。
e.g.Lily has been doing her homework since 4 o’clock this afternoon.
e.g.According to your teacher, you haven’t been
doing your homework these days.
e.g. I’ve been writing letters all this evening and I’ve just finished them.
e.g. She has been expecting a long distance call all night long.
三、常与all this time, this week / month, all night, all the morning / afternoon, recently等时间状语以及由since或for引导的时间状语连用。
以下几类动词不能用于现在完成进行时：
① 表示感官、感觉：see，hear，smell 等；
② 表示爱憎：love，prefer，mind 等；
③ 表示希望、意愿：wish，want，desire 等；
④ 表示相信、猜想：believe，think，suppose 等；
⑤ 非延续性动词。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1.现在完成时强调完成和影响，现在完成进行时强调未完成和动作。
I’ve been doing my homework. 我一直在做家庭作业。（还在做）
I’ve finished my homework. 我已做完家庭作业了。（已完成）
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
2.现在完成时经常表单个事件，现在完成进行时可表重复事件。
Julia has gone to the library. 朱莉娅去图书馆了。（单个事件）
Julia has been going to the library for a year. 朱莉娅在一年间经常去图书馆。（重复事件）
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
3.现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时含感彩。
What have you done 你做什么了？（仅是问问）
Where have you been I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.
你去哪里了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。（表示不满）
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
4.现在完成时通常表示反复发生的动作，可用how many times询问动作完成的次数；现在完成进行时通常表示持续不间断的动作，一般用how long询问动作持续的时间。如：
How many times have you visited the museum （强调动作的重复性）
How long have you been working in the company （强调动作的延续性）
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
5.already，ever，never，yet等副词通常不用于现在完成进行时。
1.It (rain) every day this month.
2.So far this year we (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
3.I (drink) five cups of coffee this afternoon.
4.Now that she is out of work, Lucy (think) about going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
5.He is the most creative man that I (meet).
6.All these years we (try) to get in touch with him.
has been raining
have seen
have drunk
has been thinking
have met
have been trying
Read each situation and write a sentence that best describes it.
2
1. The dog started to bark about two hours ago. I really hope it will stop soon.
The dog has been barking for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.
2. Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player.
3. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Diane hasn’t got much sleep this week. She looks terrible today.
__________________________________________________________
5. I tried to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours.
Diane hasn’t been sleeping well this week. She looks terrible today.
I have been trying to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.
Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Then explain your reasons to your partner.
3
1. For the whole morning, the board of directors _________________
(discuss) the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.
2. Jason’s only recreation is painting. He _________________ (learn) how
to paint for over five years.
3. Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because
we ____ (try) our best and ________ (work) as a team.
4. He finally ________ (finish) the research paper under his tutor’s guidance.
5. My nephew Sam _________________ (collect) comic books since he was five. Now he has more than two hundred of them.
6. The company ________________________________ (launch) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.
has been discussing
has been learning
tried
finished
worked
has been collecting
launched / is launching / has launched
Work in pairs. Interview your partner about the things that he / she has been doing. The following questions might help you.
Do you have any hobbies or interests
How long have you been learning / playing …
What have you been doing recently
A: Do you have any hobbies
B: Sure. I have several hobbies such as table tennis, photography, and
kite flying. But my favourite hobby is playing the guitar.
A: How long have you been learning the guitar
B: I have been learning the guitar since I was eight years old. I saw a
video of someone playing and I fell in love with it.
A: That's great.
Summarize the usage of the present perfect continuous tense.(共33张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(I)
1.熟悉并掌握文中的重点词汇、短语与句型；
2.通过阅读，了解“坚忍号”南极探险历程中的重要事件，理解主人公面临的困境；
3.通过表象言行，分析人物情感变化和性格特质。
新 课 导 入
What do you know about Antarctica
What will you do if you want to explore Antarctica
课 堂 学 习
Antarctica is one of the most remote and hostile places on Earth; it was the last continent to be explored. When Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew started their 1914 journey to the continent, no one had yet successfully crossed it from sea to sea. Today, the ice-laden region hosts about 4,000 scientists and visitors during the Antarctic summer. As the fifth largest continent, Antarctica comprises about 10 percent of the Earth's land surface and lays claim to being the coldest and windiest continent on the planet. Seventy percent of the world's fresh water resides there.
Pre-reading
Supposing you are going on an expedition to Antarctica, what are the conditions there like
What qualities are needed to survive the extremely tough conditions
Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer. Finish the table and discuss the questions with your group members.
MEN WANTED
for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter
cold, long months of complete darkness,
constant danger, and safe return uncertain.
Honour and reward will follow if it is successful.
Ernest Shackleton
1
1. What kind of men was Ernest Shackleton looking for
2. Would you like to join an expedition like this Why or why not
Conditions Requirements Are you qualified
small wages
bitter cold
long months of complete darkness
constant danger
safe return uncertain
not care much about money
accustomed to the extreme weather conditions
show perseverance; not afraid of loneliness
have courage; cooperate with others; be experienced
be optimistic; be positive
Men who didn’t mind the wages and difficulties and had great perseverance.
Yes. Because I love adventures and challenges.
Read the passage quickly. Then find out the main ideas referring to the following table.
Basic information about the expedition
Time 1914.10.31→1915.11.21→1916.5.20
Destination To Antarctica
Leader Sir Ernest Shackleton
The author’s name Perce Blackborow
The ship Endurance
Diary Date Main idea
1 1914.10.31 The first diary is about how the author joined the Endurance expedition/became a crew member on Endurance.
2 1915.11.21 The second diary is about how Shackleton and his crew abandoned the ship Endurance.
3 1916.5.20 The third diary mainly describes the crew members’ life on Elephant Island.
Fast reading
Careful-reading
1. How did Blackborow come to join the expedition
2. What happened to Endurance What did the crew members have to do
3. What did Shackleton do to make sure they could survive
Read the text and answer the questions.
2
He secretly went aboard the ship and hid in a small cupboard.
It got stuck in the ice as they approached Antarctica and then the
ship got crushed and the crew had to abandon it. The crew had to collect
essential supplies and camp on the ice.
Shackleton made sure they survived by leaving with a few men to
find help. It was too dangerous for all the men to go.
Sort out Blackborow’s psychological changes during the journey, and then fill in the table.
How did Blackborow's feelings change
Occasions Blackborow's feelings
After he read the advertisement about the expedition
After his application was turned down
After he became a steward on board
When Endurance sank
Before the crew settled on Elephant Island
After Shackleton left to find help
When he thought about the living conditions on the island
When his happy memories were interrupted by cold air
After Frank Wild replied to him
excited, full of expectations
enthusiastic, determined
satisfied, excited, hopeful
worried, terrified, panic
a little calm, no time to panic
worried, uncertain
low, miserable
angry, impatient
grateful
3
What do highlighted words mean Use your own words to explain them.
vigour
turned… down
crushed
keep our spirits up
miserable
cosy
health and energy
reject or refuse something or someone
to be squeezed until damaged
to stay positive usually in a bad situation
very unhappy or uncomfortable
very comfortable, safe, and warm
A Successful Failure
Failure: During the expedition to Antarctica the Endurance became stuck in the ice and crushed and sank, which made a failure.
Successful: Inspired by Shackleton, the crew didn't give up but persevered, trying their best to stay optimistic, which was a great success.
Post-reading
Read the title and think about the meaning of it.
Infer character traits and emotions
To infer means to guess something based on the evidence. When inferring character traits and emotions in a story, you need to look at the characters’ words and actions. What do these tell us about their personal qualities and feelings
4
Read the text again and discuss the questions with your partner.
1. How did Blackborow’s feelings about being on the expedition change as the days passed
He was full of vigour.
Although he was turned down, he was enthusiastic.
His heart sank with the ship.
He felt low and became selfish and bad-tempered.
He was full of hope.
2. What personal qualities did Shackleton, Wild, and Blackborow exhibit Find examples from the text to support your answers.
Shackleton showed kindness when he allowed Blackborow to stay on the ship and gave him a job. He showed calmness when he asked the crew to collect essentials. He showed he was not selfish when he left his gold behind, but showed he was thinking of others' feelings by allowing Hussey to keep his banjo. He showed great bravery by setting off to find help for the rest of the crew. Wild was shown to be kind when he tried to lift Blackborow's spirits. Blackborow was enthusiastic at first, making sure he got on the expedition. Although he felt low later, he tried to think about better things, showing again his positive character.
Imagine you are Perce Blackborow. Write a message in a bottle to explain your situation and ask for help.
5
Help! My shipmates and I are trapped on Elephant Island, near South Georgia Island. We have no decent place to sleep and almost no food and water. Please send help as soon as possible!
Yours faithfully,
Perce Blackborow of the Sir Ernest Shackleton expedition to the South Pole
人教 选择性必修第三册
Unit 4
Period 1
Build up your vocabulary(Ⅱ)
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
Language points
1. Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. 珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。
endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力
※beyond endurance 忍无可忍
※endure v.忍耐；忍受
※endure doing sth. 忍耐做某事
※endurable adj.可以忍受的；耐用的
①This event tests both physical and mental (endure).
②He can’t endure (defeat) by his partner.
③I felt that life was no longer (endure).
endurance
being defeated
endurable
2. Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries. 以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记。
本句是倒装句式，并且是全部倒装。句子的主语是some of Blackborow’s diary entries，谓语是are below。正常语序应是“Some of Blackborow’s diary entries are below. ”。
以下是对完全倒装的常见用法小结：
(1)当表示地点的介词短语放句首，且主语是名词，谓语为be，lie，sit，stand，come，walk等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完全倒装。
e.g. On her left stood her husband.
她丈夫站在她的左边。
(2)地点副词(here，there)，方位副词(out，in，up，down，below)及时间副词(now，then)等位于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词为be，go，come等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完全倒装。
e.g. Here is the book you want.
你要的书在这儿。
Down jumped the naughty boy.
那个调皮的男孩跳了下来。
(3)一些表示祝愿的句子里主谓也要完全倒装。
Long live the Communist Party of China!
中国共产党万岁！
3. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down① because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified②. 但是，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。
1) turn (sb. ) down 拒绝(某人)；把……调低
※turn one’s back on sb. /sth. 某人对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事
※turn to 求助于；转向；翻至(某一页)
※turn up 出现；把……调高
※turn over 翻过来；移交
※turn out 结果是……；生产，制造
①She turned her back her brother when he was in trouble, which really shocked us.
②It is already nine o’clock, but he hasn’t turned yet.
on
up
2) qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
※be qualified for sth. 有资格获得某物
※be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
※qualify vt. & vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格
※qualify sb. to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事
※qualification n.资格；资历；资格证书
③In my opinion, the clever man is (qualify) to accept the job.
④The test will qualify you (drive) the new car.
qualified
to drive
4. He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.他安排我做了一名服务员，现在我给28个人做饭，一天三次。
assign vt.分派；布置；分配
※assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)
※assign... to... 把……分配给……
※assignment n.分配的工作、任务
①The teacher assigned a different task each of the children.
②You need to complete three (assign) each week.
to
assignments
5. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
“坚忍”号在我们靠近南极洲时被冰困住了。
※本句中的as用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
※as用作连词，还可以引导原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句。
注意：as引导让步状语从句时，句子用部分倒装结构。
写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
(1)They sang songs as they were doing farm work. ___________
(2)As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him. _____
(3)Clever as she is, she works very hard. _____
(4)We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive. _________
当……时候
因为
虽然
像；按照
6. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies...在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿冷静地把我们聚到一起，告诉我们抢救我们最重要的物资……
abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放任；放纵
※abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
※abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
※with abandon 放纵地；放任地
※abandoned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的
※be abandoned to (doing) 沉湎于……
①Those who abandon (they) to despair can’t succeed.
②By no means shall we abandon (search) for the missing people.
themselves
searching
7. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.我们不被允许带大部分个人物品，沙克尔顿自己扔掉了他所有的金子。
belongings n.[pl.]财物；动产
※belonging n.归属
※belong vi.属于
※belong to 属于……；是……的成员
注意：belong to不用于进行时和被动语态。
①When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong).
②Some of the stamps belong me, while the rest are his and hers.
belonging
to
8. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.赫西经常演奏它来使我们精神高涨。
keep up 保持，继续；不使(斗志)低落
※keep up with 跟上，保持同步
※keep away from 避免接近；远离
※keep off 避开
①He desired to his classmates, but he was too weak.
他渴望追上他的同学们，但是他太弱了。
②I’m trying to fatty foods.
我尽量不吃高脂肪食物。
keep up with
keep off
9. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope. 他们对别人真诚的关心、他们的毅力、他们的决心让我充满希望。
resolve vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念
※resolve to do sth. 决定做某事
※resolve on 决定/决心……
※resolution n.决定；解决
①She resolved (not, tell) him the truth.
②They resolved that day to celebrate her success.
not to tell
on
1.He behaves in a d _____ manner and we think he is a real gentleman.
2.With the gentle music, soft lights, and comfortable sofas, this café is everything you need after a tiring day. It is a c___ and relaxing place.
3.He used to be so cross and b__________ that nobody could tolerate him, but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a better person.
4.Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young. Although living a m_______ life, he had a very kind heart.
5.Try to learn from your mistakes and b____ failures. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
6.The young boy has demonstrated a g_______ interest in the expedition to the Antarctic.
ecent
osy
ad-tempered
iserable
enuine
itter
Find the suitable adjectives from the previous text to complete the sentences. The first letter of each word has been given.
1
1. The fire alarm caused a panic/worry in the theatre and the crowd fled in all directions.
2. Although my grandpa is retired, he is very enthusiastic/concerned about volunteer work.
3. The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident.
4. The sun was sinking/falling behind the mountains when we reached the top.
5. It took him a lot of vigour/energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.
Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence.
2
panic
enthusiastic
assigned
sinking
energy
After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow _________to join the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead. Unfortunately, his application ________________ because he was too young and not qualified enough. However, he managed to get ________the Endurance with his friend's help. He hid in a __________ but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton.
abandon aboard assign crew cupboard
resolve set off sink turn... down voyage
resolved
was turned down
aboard
cupboard
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
3
Although the captain was angry, he _________ the boy the job of cooking for the ______. Their ________ did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became stuck in the ice. Before the Endurance was crushed and _____ into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to ________ ship, and the crew had to camp on ice. They then sailed to Elephant Island. Soon after that, Shackleton selected a boat party and________ for South Georgia Island to get help.
assigned
crew
voyage
sank
abandon
set off
abandon aboard assign crew cupboard
resolve set off sink turn...down voyage
Could you retell the story of Endurance and share with your classmates (共26张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 4
Using Language (Ⅱ)
Learn about optimism and perseverance
1.通过阅读，了解船员获救原因，学会概括故事情节；
2.通过阅读，了解回忆录体裁的叙事风格和语言特点；
3.能写一篇关于沙克尔顿及其“坚忍号”船员南极探险的故事评论。
新 课 导 入
An Antarctic general knowledge quiz
1.Antarctica is the ______ largest continent in the world. (first, third, )
2.Antarctica holds _____ of the world’s ice. (50%, 70%, )
3.What difficulties would you face if you were trapped in there
fifth
90%
coldness
run out of food
equipment that doesn’t work
frostbite (冻伤)
glare of sunlight
课 堂 学 习
Brainstorm
Now let's read the text to see if your predictions were correct!
We've learnt that Shackleton left Elephant Island to seek for help on South Georgia Island, and can you predict what happened to the crew members
1.What problems would the people remaining on Elephant Island face
2.Were they finally rescued
1. What did the men eat and drink on the island
2. What were the dangers of living on the island
3. How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
Read the text again and answer the following questions.
2
The men ate the meat of sea creatures and drank water from melted ice.
The dangers of living on the island were the changing temperatures,
lack of food and water, and the black smoke from burning animal fat.
The men stayed in good spirits by being disciplined and staying positive. They celebrated birthdays, festivals, and every time when they caught a sea animal.
4. What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
5. If you were one of the men on Elephant Island, would you have trusted Shackdeton Why or why not
I think the key reasons for their survival were their discipline and positive mental attitude, as well as the reliability of Shackleton.
I would have trusted Shackleton as he was a man of honour and would do all he possibly could to save us.
Summarizing the key elements of the story
Who
The remaining crew left by Shackleton.
What
They tried to stay alive on Elephant Island
while waiting for the return of the rescue team.
When
After Shackleton and the boat sailed away
from Elephant Island.
Where
On Elephant Island.
Why
They needed to wait for Shackleton to bring back
the rescue team.
How
They melted ice from the ocean and drank the
water from it. They also burned animal fat for fire.
Moreover, they avoided going outside too often due
to the changing temperatures which could make them ill.
Background of the story
_________________________________________________________________________________ on the island
Problems they faced
________________
__________
___________
________
Solution
______ ice from the ocean
the only fuel
they could use
was ________
varied the meals of ___________
not to go _______
Shackleton and five members left Elephant Island to look for rescue while other crew members stayed
got drinking water
made fire
food problem
were ill
melted
animal fat
sea animals
outside
What’s the structure of the passage
Things that helped
________, __________, and ___________ of birthdays, festivals, and small achievements
Result: _____________________
discipline
team spirit
celebration
they were finally rescued
Based on the diary entries and the memoir you have read, write an essay about the story of Shackleton and his men on the ship Endurance.
3
How does the author describe Shackleton and his crew members
What kind of relationship did Shackleton have with his crew
What struggles did they face
What were the motives for their actions
What did you like most about the story
1. Read the story again and think about the following questions. Make notes with your answers.
2. Begin your with a brief summary of the story. Remember to include who, what, where, when, why and how.
3. Use your notes and cite examples to explain what you think about the characters.
4. End your essay by talking about how the story made you feel, and give your overall impressions of the expedition and the men who went on it. ExpIain why you feel this way.
Sketch out the outline of your essay.
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Summary of the whole story (who, what, when, where, why, how)
What I think about the characters in the story (struggles they faced, their actions and motives, my comments)
How the story made me feel and my overall impressions of the expedition
Exchange drafts with a partner. Use the checklist to give feedback on your partner's draft.
Does the essay contain the main points in the story
Is the essay written in the writer’s own words
Does the writer give his/her opinion about the story
Does the writer present his/her ideas clearly by using linking words and phrases
4
This story is about the 1914-1916 expedition by Ernest Shackleton to make the first land crossing of Antarctica. For this task he used the ship, Endurance, with a 28-man crew, including one stowaway.
Shackleton is described as calm and brave and takes his crew's safety very seriously. The rest of the crew are also brave, though a few are not very positive, and all were at times understandably worried and desperate about their situation. Overall though, they remained positive. This was helped by the good relationship Shackleton had with his crew who trusted him and knew he would do his best to save then.
The crew faced great troubles once Endurance got stuck in the ice. Soon they had to abandon the ship and camp on the ice. They had to face the extreme weather and cold as well as a dangerous environment and all with limited supplies. All of this added to the mental challenge, so they had to maintain a positive state of mind. Shackleton's motive was always to make sure his crew survived, and theirs was to last until he had found help.
What I like most about this story is that although their expedition failed in achieving its goal, it was not the disaster it could have been. This was due to Shackleton's perseverance in getting help and the crew's bravery in surviving for so long. My impression of them is very positive as they must have struggled greatly in such a position of adversity. I felt very happy when I learnt that the whole crew survived.
1. It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of him.
ahead of 在……之前；超过；提前
ahead of time VS in advance
e.g.The building was finished ahead of time.
大楼提前完工了。
e.g.Book a ticket in advance.
预先订一张票。
ahead of time 比原定时间提前(完成)
in advance 指事先或预先(做某事)
Language points
2. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴起来
(1)cheer… on 为……鼓气，为……喝彩/加油
(2)cheer n. 欢呼声 vt. 欢呼；喝彩
cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
cheerfully adv. 高兴地
(3)cheers (用于祝酒)干杯；再见
①Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer her friends _____.
②All the football players on the playground _______ (cheer) loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
on
cheered
3. What if they were delayed
如果他们被耽搁了会怎么样呢？
本句是一个省略句，省略了主句的部分内容。What if… ？(＝What would happen if… ？)意为“要是……会怎么样呢？”
e.g.What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in
如果他们花了很长时间谈论一幅你并不感兴趣的画呢
4. Staying alive took all our time and energy.
活下去耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。
句中Staying alive是v. -ing短语，在句中作主语。动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。
动名词作主语与不定式作主语
动名词与不定式都可以作主语，一般而言，在表示比较抽象笼统的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体某次动作特别是将来的动作时，多用动词不定式。
e.g.Smoking is not allowed here.
此处禁止吸烟。
e.g.It isn’t good for you to smoke so much.
你抽这么多烟不好。
5. But how could we make fire 但是我们怎么生火呢？
make fire 生火
set fire to 点着了……；放火烧……
catch fire 着火
be on fire 着火
put out a fire 灭火
fight a fire 救火
6. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
它会释放出油乎乎的黑烟，但即使在强风中也能燃烧。
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give away 赠送；分发；放弃(机会)；泄露(秘密)
give in 屈服；交上
give up 放弃；停止，中止；投降，认输
give out 分发；公布；耗尽；发出
①The doctor advised him to give _____ smoking.
②I need to give _______ some of these old baby clothes.
③But finally, he was forced to give _____.
away
in
up
7. If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. 如果不是海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
本句是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句谓语用一般过去时(be一般为were)，主句谓语用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”。
e.g.If I were you I would stay here.
如果我是你，我就待在这儿。
分类 从句 主句
与现在事 实相反 一般过去时 (be一般用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事 实相反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have done
与将来事 实相反 一般过去时were to＋动词 原形should＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形
①If I _______ (be) a millionaire，I would travel around the world.
②If she had worked harder，she would ________________ (succeed).
③Sorry，I am too busy now. If I ______ (have) time，I would certainly go on an outing with you.
were
have succeeded
had
8. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 他把我们从漫长而痛苦的死亡中救了出来,履行了他的承诺。
commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
(1)commitment to… 对……的拥护
honour/fulfill/meet a commitment 兑现承诺
make a commitment (to do sth. ) 做出承诺(做某事)
(2)commit vt. 使同意；使承诺；vi. 同意，承诺
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
commit to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事，答应(做)某事
commit sb. /oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人承诺做某事，使某人答应(做)某事
①I was impressed by the energy and _____________ (commit) shown by the players.
②Since last year, he has committed himself to _______ (raise) money for people with disabilities.
commitment
raising
Could you summarize the structure about writing memoir
