Unit1 Past and present —task 重点知识点讲义

8B U1 Past and present
【Task~Self-assessment】重点单词
1.narrow adj.狭窄的
2.open space n.开阔的空地
【Task~Self-assessment】重点短语
1. plan to do sth. 打算做某事
2. a recent picture 一张近照
3. narrow and dirty 又窄又脏
4. rubbish everywhere 垃圾遍地
5. wide and clean 又宽阔又干净
6.by doing sth. 通过某种方式做某事
7.open space 开阔的空地
8. in the past 在过去
9. with green trees on both sides 两边有绿树
10.on both sides 在两边/侧
11.mobile phones 手机
12. have their own cars 有他们自己的汽车
13.move into sp. 搬进某地
14. in some large open spaces 在一些大的开阔的空地上
15.in their free time 在他们的空余时间
16. in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间
17. travel around the town 环游城镇
18.enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒适的生活/享受一种舒适的生活
【Task~Self-assessment】重点句型
1.Amy organized her ideas by using a fact file. 埃米通过用一个事实档案组织了她的想法。
2.But now the streets are wide and clean,with many green trees on both sides.
但是现在街道既宽阔又干净，两边有很多绿树。
3.Now people are enjoying o comfortable life. 现在人们正享受着一种舒适的生活。
Task：Changes in my hometown
Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years.
In the past,there were only narrow and dirty roads in the small town.There was rubbish everywhere.But now the streets are wide and clean,with many green trees on both sides.The government has also built shops and tall buildings in some large open spaces.
Years ago,people lived in small old houses.Now most of them have moved into new flats .They used to listen to the radio or watch TV in their free time,but now most families have computers and the Internet .Moreover,mobile phones make communication easier now.
In the past,people travelled around the town on foot or by bicycle,but now they can go around by bus or taxi.Many families even have their own cars.
Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.
在这些年里，月光镇发生了很多变化。
过去，小镇上只有又窄又脏的道路，到处都是垃圾。但是现在街道既宽阔又干净，两边有很多绿树。政府也在一些大片开阔的空地上建起了商店和高楼大厦。
几年前，人们住在古老的小房子里。现在他们中的大部分人已经搬进了新公寓。他们过去在空闲时间经常听收音机或者看电视，但是现在大部分家庭有电脑和因特网。此外，现在移动电话使得交流更方便了。
过去，人们在镇里出行靠步行或者骑自行车，但是现在他们可以乘公共汽车或出租车出行。许多家庭甚至有他们自己的小汽车。
现在人们正享受着一种舒适的生活。
Task：Changes in my hometown——Key points
01.by doing sth.
[教材原句] Amy organized her ideas by using a fact file. 埃米通过用一个事实档案组织了她的想法。
[考点精析] by doing sth. 通过做某事的手段或方式，by prep.，后接动词的-ing形式，
[联想拓展—by表交通方式] by后面也可以接表示交通工具的名词，意为“乘坐(交通工具)”。该名词前不用限定词，也不用复数。
◆by car 乘坐小汽车 ◆by air 乘飞机 ◆by land 经陆路 ◆by bus 坐公共汽车 ◆by bike 骑自行车
[联想拓展] by 构成的其他常见短语：
◆by bike 骑自行车 ◆by plane/air 乘飞机 ◆by oneself 独自地 ◆by then 到那时
◆by the way 顺便说一句 ◆by the end of 到……为止 ◆by accident/chance 偶然地
【中考重要考点—常见交通方式的表达】
询问交通方式的常用问句: How do/does + sb.+ go/get (to)... “某人如何去.... ”,
表示交通方式的几种表达/常用回答有:
▲①take/drive/ride+冠词/形容词性物主代词+交通工具名词，take+限定词+交通工具名词 =by+交通工具名词
◆take a/(the) taxi/bus/train/ship/plain...
◆drive a/my car
◆ride a bike
▲②by+交通工具名词或交通路线
◆by bike/car/taxi/bus/train/ship/bus/boat/plain/underground/metro/subway...
◆by land/air/ water/sea..
▲③in/on+冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词+交通工具名词 = by+交通工具名词
◆in a/one’s car/taxi
◆on a/the bus/train/bike/bicycle/horse/train/ship
注意：◆in 侧重于在里面；◆on 侧重于平面
▲④动词+to+地点名词/动词+地点副词(here/there/home等)
注意: ◆on foot = walk 步行
[联想拓展] by 的其他用法：
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法
by prep. 在…旁边 ◆by the river 在河边
不迟于，在……之前 ◆by June 六月之前
通过…方式 ◆by doing sth. 通过某种方式做某事
[联想拓展] by prep.的其他用法：
▲①by prep.在……旁边；靠近 ◆by the lake 这个湖旁边
▲②by prep.被，由(被动语态中用来引出动作的执行者)
▲③by prep.(表示方式、手段等)靠，用，通过
▲④by prep.经过 ◆walk by 走过 ◆walk by me without speaking 一言不发地从我身边走过
[联想拓展][中考考点] by 的用法总结：
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法 常见搭配
by prep.不迟于;在......之前 by+现在的时间，常与现在完成时连用 ◆by now 到现在为止 ◆by the end of 到......为止
by+将来的时间，常与一般将来时连用 ◆by this time next month 到下个月的这个时候
by+过去的时间，常与过去完成时连用 ◆by ten o'clock last night 到昨晚10点的时候
by prep.在……旁边；靠近 ◆by the lake 这个湖旁边
prep.被，由 被动语态中用来引出动作的执行者
prep.靠，用，通过 表示方式、手段等 ◆by doing sth. 通过某种方式做某事
prep.经过 ◆walk by 走过
prep.乘 [7B U2 skills ] ◆by train ◆by+交通工具名词或交通路线
01. both
[教材原句] But now the streets are wide and clean,with many green trees on both sides.
但是现在街道既宽阔又干净，两边有很多绿树。
[考点精析—高频] both 两者都，两个
both 两者都，两个 ,与复数名词或代词连用，通常放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态动词或 be 动词之后。
[联想拓展]▲①both of后面可以接“定冠词/指示代词/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+可数名词复数”或者人称代词(复数)的宾格。
▲②both…and… ……和……(两者都) ,在句中连接并列的词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
01. enjoy
[教材原句] Now people are enjoying o comfortable life. 现在人们正享受着一种舒适的生活。
[考点精析—高频] enjoy 享受，喜欢，后常接名词、代词、反身代词或动名词形式作宾语。
◆enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
[复习回顾—enjoy—7B U2skills ]
[考点精析—高频] enjoy vt.喜爱；欣赏；享受……的乐趣 →(第三人称单数形式)enjoys
enjoy vt. 喜爱；欣赏；享受……的乐趣 ,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
拓展：enjoy → adj. enjoyable，意为“令人愉快的,有乐趣的”,用来修饰事或物。
◆enjoy sth. 喜爱/喜欢某物，后接名词或代词作宾语
◆enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事，后接名词作宾语
◆enjoy oneself [8A U3] = have a good[7A U4]/great /nice/wonderful time = have fun[7A U4] 过得愉快；玩得开心
[常考辨析] enjoy，like 和 love
易混词汇 含义及用法
enjoy 表示带有欣赏性的“喜欢”，或用于表达“享受”，后面可接名词、代词及动名词作宾语，但不能接动词不定主宾语。
like 表示一般性的“喜欢”，指有好感或感兴趣，后面可接名词、代词、动名词及动词不定式作宾语。
love 表示“喜爱，热爱”，表达的感情比 like要深，后面可接名词、代词、动名词及动词不定式作宾语。
Task：Changes in my hometown 话题写作范文—1
根据所给汉语提示，以“The changes in my hometown”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。
要求：要点完整，语句通顺，且必须用上表格中所给内容，可作适当发挥。
注意：首句已给出，不计入总词数。
过去 现在
1.人们生活贫困，房屋破旧 1.人们生活富裕，住房宽敞、明亮
2.人们不爱护环境，随处扔垃圾 2.大家都保护环境，山变绿了，水变清了，天变蓝了
3.交通不便 3.交通方便，许多人有自己的小汽车，为家乡的变化感到自豪，要为家乡……
The changes in my hometown
In the past,my hometown was very small.There were no factories or schools here,and the traffic was poor.People had no idea of protecting the environment, and they dropped litter everywhere.The villagers lived a hard life.Now there have been great changes in our village.People live in big houses instead of old ones and many people even have their own cars.They live a rich life.Everyone takes action to protect the environment.The water in the river is clean,the hill is green and the sky is blue.The new road is wide.Every year,thousands of people from allover the country come to visit my hometown.
I'm very proud of the changes in my hometown.And I'm sure my hometown will become better and better in the future.
Task：Changes in my hometown 话题写作范文—2
复学后，由于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，我们的生活发生了很大的变化，请根据提示以“Changes around me”为题，用英语写一篇短文参加学校的作文比赛。
Changes around me Environment be cleaner and tidier than before
Study wear masks in the classroom …
Health wash hands as often as possible …
… …
注意事项：
1.词数：80左右(文章开头已给出，不计人总词数);
2.文中不能出现真实姓名、校名等信息；
3.文章必须包含所提供的参考要点，并作适当发挥。
参考词汇：disinfect v.消毒； COVID-19 新型冠状病毒肺炎
Great changes have taken place in our school since we returned to school on March 30th.
First of all, the school environment is becoming better. The classrooms are cleaner and tidier than before.Doors and windows of every classroom are kept open so that we can have fresh air. Secondly, both teachers and students must wear masks whenever we have lessons or not. And everyone keeps a certain distance away so some pair work or group work is reduced. Thirdly, in order to keep away from
the COVID-19, we must wash our hands as often as possible and our classroom must be disinfected at least once after school. What's more, our temperatures must be taken and recorded when we entered the school and classroom.
To fight against the virus, I think these changes are very helpful to us.
Task：Changes in my hometown 话题写作范文—3
本单元话题是介绍某地的“过去和现在”。该话题以描写衣、食、住、行及环境的变化最为常见。
随着年龄的增长，你周围的事物也发生了很大的变化。请根据以下提示，以“Great Changes around Me”为题，写一篇短文。
◆写作要点：
1.过去：道路狭窄(narrow),房屋老旧，空气……河水……
2.现在：路面洁净、宽阔，交通便利；高楼林立； 蓝天白云，满城绿树鲜花，小鸟歌唱；人们…
3.感受：……
◆写作要求：
1.要点齐全，省略号处须作适当发挥，但不要逐句翻译；
2.130词左右，短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Great Changes around Me
In the past few years,great changes have taken place around me.The roads used to be narrow and crowded.The houses were old and small.The air wasn't fresh enough.Sometimes,there was terrible smell.The river was polluted badly and there was rubbish in it.
Nowadays,the roads are wide and clean.It's really convenient for people to go out.We can choose different kinds of transportation to go anywhere.Lots of tall buildings have been built in the city.Most of us have moved into beautiful big houses.The sky is blue and the cloud is white.The birds are singing happily.My hometown looks like a big garden with green trees,grass and colorful flowers.
Our country is rich and strong.We are living a happy life.I'm sure as time goes on,our life will become better and better!