2024届英语高考复习：独立主格结构专题课件(共15张PPT)

(共15张PPT)
独立主格结构
Absolute Construction
定义
独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”。（在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系）
独立主格结构不是主谓完整的简单句，而只是一个短语。
独立主格结构中分句和主句的主语不一致。
独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
形式
名词/名词短语/代词+不定式/ing分名词/名词短语/代词词/ed分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。（名词前也可以加with，前者与后者具有逻辑上的主谓关系）
逻辑主语
逻辑谓语
构成
1、名词+现在分词；
例：Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
2、名词+过去分词；
例：The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
二者的区别：名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动还是被动关系。
构成
3.名词/主格代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作）
例：He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
4.名词/主格代词+形容词（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态）
例：An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
5.名词/主格代词+副词（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态）
例：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out.
他把毛衣穿反了。
形式
6.名词/主格代词+介词短语（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态）
例：The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
7.With ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语
例：With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容词）
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）
注意：多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。
形式
8.Each引导的强调型独立主格
9.There being +名词（代词）
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
10.It being +名词（代词)
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
注意：这两种情况下，being不可省略。
用法
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例：The work done(After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。（用作时间状语）
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。（用作条件状语）
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。（用作原因状语）
用法
We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。（用作补充说明）
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).
他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。（用作伴随状语）
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
注意事项
在名词加介词短语的独立结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这个时候，名词前不用任何冠词
Exercise
1) The report , a lively discussion began.
A. to read B. being read
C. to be read D. having been read
2 ) With a great weight his mind, he went to bed.
A. taken off B. to be taken off
C. taking off D. being taken off
D
A
Exercise
3)With the teacher me, I feel quite at ease.
A. help B.helped C.helping D. being help
4) Gun , the soldier fell down and died.
A. is in hand B. to be in hand
C. in hand D. having been in hand
C
C
Exercise
5). for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
6). Everything into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.
A. to take B. taken D. taking C. to be taken
B
D
Exercise
7 ). ,we have much to learn and unlearn.
A. All things to consider B. Things all consider
C. All things considered D. All of the things to consider 8)So many members , the meeting had to be put off till next week.
A. are absent B. being absent
C. having been absent D. to be absent
B
C
Exercise
9). We talked about a number of things, one of them the result of our experiment.
A. to beB.is C. being D. having been
10) With the problem ，the meeting came to its end.
A. having been solved B. to be solved
C. solved D. being solved
C
C