2024年中考英语语法复习数词重点讲义基数词+序数词（无答案）

数词重点讲义——练习---基数词+序数词
数词---基数词+序数词
数词的分类
（1）基数词：物体数量数目多少 （2） 序数词：排列的次序顺序如何
表示数量和顺序的词叫数词：表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
序数词的缩写形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母.如： first---1st;second---2nd;
基数词：是表示数字和数目的多少的数词。 如：ten十，a hundred 一百。
(1). 最基本的基数词：
l one,2 two,3 three,4four,5five,6 six,7seven,8 eight,9 nine, 10 ten,11 eleven, 12 twelve，13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen,17seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen,20 twenty, 30thirty, 40 forty,50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy,80eighty, 90 ninety, 100 a hundred百,
1,000 thousand千 ; 1, 000, 000 million百万 ; 1,000, 000, 000 billion 十亿； dozen 一打12个 以上红色字体单词不光可以表达数量也可以充当单位，所以需要特殊记忆
(2). 基数词1- 12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。基数词13 - 19是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成。其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。基数词20 - 90是在十位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词21 -99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符“．”。十位和个位间有连字符
如：21 - twenty-one 39 - thirty-nine 98 - ninety-eight 25 - twenty-five
79 70-9 seventy-nine 99
三位数的数词应该在百位和十位之间（若十位为零则是与个位之间）加上and。百位和十位间有and
如： 365 - three hundred and sixty-five; 808 - eight hundred and eight;
1, 342 - one thousand three hundred and forty-two
3.基数的读法
读英语中较长的数字，一般采用以下几个步骤：
(l). 先将数字从右往左每三位数用一个间隔。
(2). 从右往左第一个间隔戏逗号前表示“千”，读thousand，第二个间隔或逗号前表示“百万”，读million第三个间隔或逗号前表示“十亿”，读billion。
(3). 读时从左往右三位数三位数地读，每三位数的读法按百位数的读法读，间隔或逗号应读出所表示的数。
考点1：
在表示具体数目时，用数字+hundred，thousand．million，dozen等，hundred后面不可+s；
考点2：
在表示“数百…‘数千”‘数百万”等不确定数目时，如果前面没有确切的基数词时，需要在hundred/thousand/million/dozen等后加s，并接“of+名词复数”。
Hundreds of students are boys
序数词
1.概念：序数词是表示数目顺序次序的词。如：first第一 twelfth第十二
2.序数词的构成：
基数词变序数词的巧记口诀：一,二,三要全变;(one-first; two-second;three- third)其余都加th,th里有例外,8去t,(eight-eighth) 9去e(nine-ninth)字母f代ve(five-fifth; twelve-twelfth);ty变成tie(twenty-twentieth) 若要变化几十几，只变个位就可以(twenty-one-twenty-first)
(1). 第一、第二、第三分别为first，second，third。
(2). 第四到第十二要在基数词后面加-th。fourth．fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth,ninth, tenth, eleventh,twelfth。但要注意某些序数词的词形变化：five→fifth．eight→eighth,nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth。
(3). 第十三到第十九直接在基数词后，而如上-th即可。
thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth.seventeenth,eighteenth, nineteenth。
(4). 第二十到第九十整十位数的，要将ty变成tie之后再加-th。
(5). 二十以上几十几的基数词变序数词时，只变个位。
(6). 序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字加上末位序数词的最后两个字母构成。
如：lst 2nd 3rd 4th 3lst 82nd
3.序数词的用法：序数词前一般要加定冠词the。
如：She was the third to arrive． 她第三个到。
It's the second time this has happened. 这样的事是第二次发生了。
4.分数的表达法
(1). 分数由基数词和序数词组成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s。
如：1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds 1/5 one fifth 5/8 five eighths
(2). 当分子是1时，可以用one，也可以用a。
如：——a third (one third)
(3). 带分数，在分数前加整数再加and。
如：two and three fourths ——five and three ninths
(2). 当分数词后面有具体所修饰限定的人或物时（表示几分之几的人或物时），要用介词of。
(3)考点：若分数词/百分数作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词的人称和数一致，如果是不可数名词就用单数，是可数名词用复数。
如：One third of the student（s）in our class is/are girls. 我们班1/3的学生是女生
Four fifths of the water in the cup is/are clean. 4/5的水是干净的。
5.百分数的表达法：
百分数用percent表示，(读作[p 'sent])，均由基数词+percent构成。如：
5% - five percent 30%- thirty percent，0.35%- zero point three five percent,
100%- one hundred percent, 350%- three hundred and fifty percent.
若表示百分之几或百分之几十的人或物时，其后要加of;当作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。
如：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day． 那天大约有30%的学生缺席。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的3/4是海。
6.小数的表达法
小数点读作point，零要读[au]或zero['z r ]。小数点以后的数按个位基数词依次读出。
如：0.7 - zero point seven 1. 55 - one point five five
13.98 - thirteen point nine eight 0. 04 - zero point zero four
35.678 - thirty-five point six seven eight
7.年份的表达法
年份用基数词表达，把年份先说前两个数，再读后两个数。且年份前一般用介词in。
如： 1993 - nineteen ninety-three 2000 - two thousand
1902 - nineteen zero two; 或者 nineteen hundred and two
1900 - nineteen hundred 2005 - two thousand and five
公元前用BC ==before century 公元前483年读作：four eighty three BC写作：483BC
公元后用AD=Anno domini（主的出生） 公元后483年读作：four eighty three AD写作：483AD
8.月份的表达法
月份的第一个字母一律大写，大部分还有缩写形式，表示“在某月”要用介词in。如：
一月January( Jan.) 二月February( Feb.) 三月March( Mar.)
四月April( Apr.) 五月May 六月June 七月July
八月August( Aug.) 九月September( Sept.) 十月October( Oct.)
十一月November( Nov.) 十二月December( Dec.)
9.日期的表达法
(1)“几月几日”的表达法：“几号”应用序数词表示，介词要用on。
如：6月1日读作：June (the) first/the first of June 写作：June (the) l (st) / l(st) June
3月5号读作：March (the) fifth/the fifth of March 写作：March (the) 5(th) /5(th) March
(2)年、月、日一起出现时的表达法：介词要用on。
如：1983年3月15日读作：March the fifteenth nineteen eighty-three
写作：March 15th, 1983或15th March，1983。
10.时间的表达法
(1).用基数词，按顺序读。如：6:00 six(o'clock)； 3:45 three forty-five
(2).小于半小时内，包括半小时，可以用介词past，past之前为分钟数，之后为钟点数。
如： 6: 15 – fifteen (a quarter) past six 12: 30 - thirty (half) past twelve
(3).大于半小时以上，不包括半小时，用介词to，to之前为分钟数，之后为下一个钟点数，表示“差几分到几点”。如： 7: 45 - fifteen(a quarter) to eight 10：50 - ten to eleven
(3).24小时时制表示法。如： 22:25 - twenty-two twenty-five
11.星期的表达法：星期开头第一个字母须大写。（后附其缩写式）
星期- Monday Mon． 星期二Tuesday Tues 星期三Wednesday Wed.
星期四Thursday Thurs. 星期五Friday Fri. 星期六Saturday Sat. 星期日Sunday Sun．
表示“在星期几”，用介词on。 如：on Sunday在星期天
数词专项训练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. There are ____ days in a year.
A. three hundred and sixty five B. three hundred and sixty-five
C. three hundreds and sixty five D. three hundreds and sixty-five
( ) 2. Danny lives in _____.
A. room 404 B. Room 404 C. 404 room D. 404 Room
( ) 3. Jim is in _____.
A. class one, grade six B. grade one, class six
C. Class One, Grade Six D. Grade One, Class Six
( ) 4. December is _____ and last month in a year.
A. the twelveth B. twelve C. the twelfth D. twelfth
( ) 5. _____ people died in the traffic accidents in the world.
A. Hundred of B. Hundred s of C. Ten hundred s of D. Ten hundred of
( ) 6. Is there any food for us _____
A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth D. the ten
( ) 7. Mary is _____ girl.
A. an 8 year old B．8—years—old C．the 8 years old D．an 8—year—old
( ) 8. He said he would come back in _____.
A. one or two days B. a or two days C. one and two days D. a day and two
( ) 9. My home is about _____ away from the school.
A. three hundred metre B. three hundreds metres
C. three hundred metres D. three hundred metre
( ) 10. —What time do you get up every day
A. It’s seven o’clock. B. Seven o’clock time. C. At seven. D. On seven.
( ) 11. The tree is ____ tall.
A. fourteen foots B. fourteen feet C. fourteen foot D. forty foot
( ) 12. There are _____ students in this school.
A. four hundred fifty-two B. four hundreds fifty two
C. four hundred and fifty-two D. four hundreds and fifty-two
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Tree Planting Day is on March ________ (twelve).
2. There are ________ (four) sheep in front of the house.
3. Father’s Day is on the ________ (three) Sunday in June.
4. —How much are the gloves —They’re ________ (twenty-two) yuan.
5. —How many kites can you see —I can see _______ (five).
6. —What time is it —It’s ______ (eight) o’clock. It’s time to go to school.
7. —Where is the library —It’s on the ______ (one) floor.
8. —When is your cousin’s birthday —It’s on December ________ (thirty).
三、英汉互译
1. fifteen to eleven __________________ 2. the third day ____________________
3. on March 20th, 2009 ___________________ 4. at half past seven _____________________
5. NO. 5 Primary School __________________ 6. two pieces of paper ____________________
7. 第六课 _________________________ 8. 30个鸡蛋 ________________________
9. 331路公共汽车 ____________________ 10. 两个半小时 _____________________
四、根据括号中的数字填写合适的序数词或基数词。
1. Bill is ______ (14) years old, he is in Class _____ (2) Grade _____ (6).
2. My birthday is on the _______ (3) of March.
3. September is the ________ (9) month in a year.
4. Which boy is thinner, the ______ (1) one or the _______ (2) one、
5. There are __________ (55) students in our class.
第十讲 基数词
一．数词的分类
数词分为_______词和_______词。
二．基数词
1.含义：用来表示_____________多少的词。
2.规律：
(1)1—12需要单独记忆：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(2)13—19以________结尾：（注意：十四 ）
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
thir______ four_____ fif______ six______ seven_____ eigh______ nine_____
(3)整十数都是以____结尾：(注意：四十__________；九十_________.)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
twen___ thir____ for_____ fif______ six_____ seven___ eight___ nine____
(4)21---99中几十几的数：在十位和个位之间加_______构成
eg 25：twenty-five 97：________________ 45：_____________________
(5)百：hundred 一百：one hundred 五百：____________________
注意：hundred的用法：如果hundred前面有基数词，hundred既不加_____也不加____；
反之，如果hundred前面没有基数词，hundred既要加_____也要加_______。
eg：There are students on the playground.
There are two students on the playground.
A. hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of
(6)101---999中的几百几十几、几百零几：百位与十位或个位用______来连接
eg：521：five hundred and twenty-one 101：one hundred and one
298：_______________________ 902：___________________________
(7)千：thousand 一千：one thousand 八千：eight thousand
6000：________________________
注意：thousand的用法同hundred
3.考点
(1)时刻的表达方法：直接读和间接读
1)整点：基数词+o’clock eg：九点
2)几点几分：a)<30分钟. 分钟+ past + 小时
eg: 3:25 ----twenty-five past three 4:16_______________________
b)=30分钟. half past+小时数
eg:7:30------half past seven 12:30_______________________
c)>30分钟. ( 60- 分钟 )+ to + (小时数+1)
eg:3:55 ----- five to four 8:47________________________
(注意：翻译模式：差几分钟到几点)
注意：1)a quarter=____________minutes(分钟)
eg：5:15_______________________ 6:45______________________
a quarter to seven(英汉互译) __________________
2)若表明是上午,可在时间后加上am或a.m.,若是下午,可在时间后加上pm或p.m.
eg：早上六点半half past six_____
3)若表示的时间不够准确，可在时间前加介词about
eg：大约九点钟 _______ nine
4)在时刻前面应该用介词___来表示“在几点钟”的意思 eg：在六点________________
5)对时间点的提问：What’s the time 或_________________
(2)提问价钱
---How much is the bag ---______.
A.Two B.Three dollars C.Fourth
总结：看到how much找___________/___________或反之。
--______are your English books ---Eighteen yuan.
A.What B.How many C.How much
(3)提问数量
---How many rabbits are there on the hill ---______.
A.Twenty dollars B.Number twenty C.Twenty
---How many sheep are there on the hill ---________.
A.Twenty dollars B.Number twenty C.Twenty
(4)表示运算
---What’s thirteen and two ---It’s ______.
A.fiveteen B.fifty C.fifteen D.fifty-five
—What’s thirty and twelve It’s______.
A. fourty-two B. forty-two C. fourty-one D .forty-one
拓展：1)加法用：and/plus
2)几加几的谓语动词用单数is. eg: Twenty and twenty_______(be)forty.
(5)年龄提问
---How old is this old man ---He is__________.(七十)
(6)表编号
1)第一课Lesson One 2)第五页Page Five 3)六(三)班Class 3,Grade6
4)203房间Room 203 5) 第六号No.6
经典习题
一．英汉互译
①13________ ②40__________ ③56______________ ④200_______________
④a quarter to seven___________ ⑥1：30________________ ⑦4:20_______________
⑧ 521___________________________
二．选择填空
1.---What is five ______six ---Eleven.
A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided
2. There are _______ people on the square.
A. hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. five hundreds
3. Five and seven ______twelve.
A.be B.are C. is D. am
4. We are going to have a basketball match with __
A. Class First B. Class One C. First Class D. Class the First
5. There are _____ come to visit this beautiful village.
A. hundred of people B. hundreds people C. two hundred people D. hundreds of peoples
6.---_______,please ---It’s eight o’clock
A.What’s this B.What is the time C.What’s your name D. What about it
7. He lives in_____________.
A. 206 Room B. 206 Rooms C. Room 206 D. Rooms 206
8.---What day is it today ---_________.
A.It’s sunny B.It’s cold C.It’s Tuesday D.It’s the Monday
9.I have a watch here,it says_________.(1:58)
A.fifty-eight past one B.one past fifty eight C.two to one D.two to two
10.This shop is about___________________away from here.
A.two hundred meters B.two hundreds meters C.two hundred meter
11.______________ is 3:25.
A. Twenty-five to three. B. Twenty-five to four C. Twenty-five past three
三．对画线部分提问
1.The sweater is fifty yuan. _________________________________________
2.My telephone number is 13459982760.________________________________________
3.There are 800 students in our school.______________________________________
4.The old man is seventy years old._________________________________________
5.It’s Monday today._____________________________________________________
四．阅读理解
There is a big old tree near my house.A black bird lives in the tree.Every day I take some food to the tree.The bird sees me and comes down.The food is in my hand.The bird comes to my hand and eats the food.After that it goes back to the tree. I give some food to this bird every day.So the bird knows me.I like the bird and the bird likes me.We are good friends.
( )1.----What’s in the tree ----_______________
A.Big black bird B.A black bird C.An old black bird D.A big old black bird
( )2.----Why does the bird come down -----___________.
A.Because some food is in my hand B.Because the bird eats some food
C.Because the bird likes food D.Because the bird eats good food
( )3.-----Where does the bird go back -----_____________.
A.The bird goes back to his hand B.The bird goes back to the house
C.The bird goes back to the tree D.The bird goes back in the hand
( )4.----When does he give some food to the bird -----_____________.
A.At noon B.Every morning C.Every day D.Every evening
( )5.---Why is the bird his friend ----____________.
A.Because the bird eats food every day.
B.Because the bird knows him
C.Because he give some food to the bird every day.
D.Because he puts some food in his hand