2023年中考英语二轮复习学案 被动语态（含答案）

被动语态
一、被动语态的结构和用法
1.被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 结构 主语+do/does+其它 主语+am/is/are+done+其它
例句 We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时 结构 主语+did+其它 主语+was/were+done+其它
例句 He made the kite. The kite was made by him.
一般将来时 结构 主语+will/shall+do+其它 主语+am/is/are going to+do+其它 主语+will/shall +be+done+其它 主语+am/is/are going to +be+done+其它
例句 They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
情态动词 结构 主语+情态动词+do+其它 主语+情态动词+be+done+其它
例句 We should plant more trees. More trees should be planted by us.
2.被动语态的用法
在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况:
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
This watch is made in China. 这块手表是在中国制造的。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:
More trees must be planted every year. 每年都必须种更多的树。
(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
(4)动作的发出者不是人而是物时。如:
Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
二、主动语态和被动语态的转化
1.主动语态变为被动语态
(1)要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。
(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引出。
(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
如:我们让他唱了首英文歌。
We asked him to sing an English song. 改为He was asked to sing an English song by us.
题组训练
根据提示,完成句子
①The sports meeting_________________________ in November.
运动会将在十一月举行。
②A lecture on American culture _________________ in the school hall yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午在学校礼堂里举行了一场有关美国文化的讲座。
③I won't go there unless I _______________.
除非被邀请,否则我是不会去那里的。
2.被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中的感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、 notice 等和使役动词make、have 等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动句时,应加上动词不定式符号to。如:
We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.
The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.
知识拓展
1.主动形式表示被动意义(不能用于被动语态)
(1)open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This pen won't write.这支钢笔不好使。
This sweater washes well.这件毛衣很耐洗。
(2)feel、seem、look、sound、taste、smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。
Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香。
(3) sth. be worth doing 是主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。
(4)“want/ need/ require + doing”相当于“want/ need/require+to be done”如:
My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理了。
(5)不及物动词，如happen、take place
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
【过关练习】
一、单项选择
( )1. — At present, one of the best ways to study is to work in groups. (21南平)
— Right. More chances ________ to students to learn better.
A. are offered B. offer C. are offering
( )2. During the coronavirus pandemic, many face-to-face talks__________by online chats.
A. replaced B. has replaced C. were replaced(21福州)
( )3.--Our school is beautiful ! (21莆田)
--It will be more beautiful if more trees and grass ________by us.
A. plant B.is planted C.are planted
( )4. Headmaster Zhang Guimei_____as the“Role Model(楷模) of the Times" because of her great efforts to send many girls to universities.(21厦门)
A. honors B. honored C. was honored
( )5.We ____to stay at home by the government for the disease last winter. (21泉州)
A.were requiring B. have required C. were required
( )6.The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _____ in China. I hope I can go and watch the games. (21三明)
A.will hold B. are held C. will be held
( )7. Sam ______ in the classroom just now, he __________be there now.(20龙岩)
A. was heard sing; must B. heard to sing; may C. was heard to sing; may
( )8.You ____to use the mobile phone to record films while you are in the cinema. (21漳州)
A.allow B.aren't allowed C.don't allow
9.你想知道那台机器人是干什么用的，可以这样问:
______________________________________________________ (21莆田)
10.你想知道纸是由什么做的，可以这样问:
_______________________________________________________ (21莆田)
11.Mrs. White 网购了一样东西，你想知道它的用途，可以这么问：
_______________________________________________________, Mrs. White (21福州)
12.你想知道 Sally 的手表是哪里制造的，可以这样问她
_________________________________________________________, Sally (21泉州)
1._________________________________________________________________________.
2._________________________________________________________________________.
3._________________________________________________________________________.
4._________________________________________________________________________.
5._________________________________________________________________________.
巩固练习
( )1.With the help of Project Hope, more and more schools_______in poor countryside one day.
(2020文博期中)
A. built B. are built C. will be built D. was built
( )2.---What does the sign on the door say
---No visitor or relative can enter the patient’s room unless he______. (2020黎明期中考)
A. invites B. is invited C. is inviting
( )3. The 2020 Nobel Prize(诺贝尔奖) in Medicine_______to three scientists for the great discovery.
(2020立志)
A. give B. was given C. will give
( )4.---Excuse me, sir. When can we have a swim in the pool
---Not until it tomorrow. (2020日升期中考)
A. is cleaned B. will clean C.will be cleaned
( )5.---English widely throughout the world.
---You’ re right. (十八中期中考)
A. is; spoken B. is; speaking C. has; spoken
( )6.---Why didn’t you come to my birthday party
---I anything about it. (2020十九中期中考)
A. didn’t tell B. have not told C. wasn’t told
( )7. who tries to divide our country will . (2020华伦期中考)
A. Everyone, punish B. Anyone, be stopped C. Someone, be published
( )8.---China has carried out the second-child policy since 2016.
---Now all couples ________to have two children. (2020现代期中考)
A. allowed B. are allowed C. allowing
( )9.---The boy is heard the piano every day.
---He works really hard. (2020杨桥期中)
A. play B. to play C. playing
( )10. You’d better explain it loudly to make yourself_____. (2020长乐期中联考)
A. hear B. hearing C. heard
( )11.---Do you think we should ask Susan to____our environment club
---Yes. I think she will if she such a chance. (2020三牧期中)
A. join; will be given B. join in; gives C. join; is given D. join in; will give
提升练习
( )1.Many research labs 　　　in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.
A.are building　　　 B.will be built　　　 C.were built (2021福建,31)
( )2.—Your hometown is famous for tea, right
—Yes. Now tea plants 　　　on most mountains here. (2020福建,32)
A.will grow　　　 B.are grown　　　 C.were grown
( )3.As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball 　　　in the Olympic Games in 1964. (2019福建,34)
A.included　　 　B.is included　　 　C.was included
( )4.Paper-making　　　 by the Chinese in the Western Han Dynasty(朝代). (2018福建,32)
A.is invented　　　 B.invented　　　 C.was invented
( )5.Eleven Chinese films 　　　during the 7th Chinese Film Festival in France last month. (2017福建,31)
A.showed　　 　B.are shown　　　 C.were shown
( )6.The Lunar New Year 　　　not only by the Chinese but also by the Japanese. (2021福州二模,31)
A.is celebrated B.was celebrated C.will be celebrated
( )7.The 2022 Winter Olympics 　　　in China. I hope the Chinese athletes will win more medals for our country. (2021宁德二模,27)
A.held　　　 B.are held　　　 C.will be held
( )8.Ang Lee 　　　for a lifetime achievement(成就) award by Oscar. (2021厦门二模,30)
A.praises　　　 B.is praised　　　 C.has praised
( )9.—Perfect photos!
—Thank you. They 　　　by my HUAWEI mobile phone. (2021龙岩二模,33)
A.took　　　 B.were taken　　　 C.will be taken
10.Tai chi is a symbol of Chinese culture. It was first 　　　　　(develop)in China as wushu, but it’s becoming one of the most popular sports around the world. (2021福建,81)
11.It is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It’s also 　　 　(call)the Double Ninth Festival. (2017福建,91)
36.Zhang Ruoxu, a Tang Dynasty poet, is widely　　　　　　(know) for his poem A Moonlit Night on the Spring River. (2021江苏扬州,50)
37.If the books you need are out, you may ask for them to be kept for you when they are 　　　　　　(return). (2021甘肃武威,66改编)
38.The whole family was 　 　　(fill) with excitement about life in America.(2021辽宁本溪,67改编)
39.Usually different cultures are 　　　 　　　(accept) by us around the table.(2021山西,78改编)