人教版八年级下册Unit1What's the matter?知识点

Unit1 What's the matter
1.what's the matter 怎么了？（通常与with连用）
类似的询问“某人/某物怎么了”的句型
What's up
What's wrong(with you)
What's your trouble
What's the trouble with you
注意：此句型不能直接用Yes/No来回答，而应视具体情况来回答
eg:-What's the matte？
-I have a headache.
用此类句型时,matter前需加the,trouble前可加the/形容词性物主代词,wrong前不加任何修饰词（matter和trouble在此类句型中作名词，而wrong用作形容词）
2.I have a cold
have: 得了... (病) (可与get/catch互换)
注意：have a cold 为固定搭配，此时a不能用the代替也不能去掉
eg:She has/gets/catches a toothache.
患病类短语：
①have a(n) +疾病名称
eg:have a cold 患感冒 have a fever发烧 have a cough咳嗽
②have a(n) +身体部位-ache
eg: have a headache头痛 have a stomachache胃痛
have a backache背痛 have a heartache 心痛
have an earache耳朵痛 have a toothache牙痛
③have+a+sore+身体部位
eg:have a sore back 背疼 have a sore throat喉咙疼
注意：have the flu患流感
练习题：
1.---You don't look well._____with you
---I have a fever and can't stop coughing.
A.What's happening B.What is it
C.What's on D.What's the matter
2.---What's _____matter with you
---I have ____fever.
A.an;the B.the;/ C.the;a
3.lie down and rest
lie:(v)躺 (lying---lay)
lie的多种词义：
①(v)躺；位于 (lay-lain lying)
eg:She is very tired and she should lie down.
②(v)说谎 (lied-lied lying)
eg:Don't believe her! She is lying.
③(可数n)谎言
eg:He often tells lies,so he is a bad boy.
与down相关的短语：
lie down躺下 fall down跌倒 write down写下
put down 放下 break down损坏；破裂；分解
take down记下 let down 使失望 blow down 吹倒
练习题：
根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1.After a long day,Tom ____down on the bed and went to sleep.
2.Last night,we saw a dog_____on the ground and we were very afraid.
A.lies B. to lie C.lied D.lying
4.He got off and asked the woman what happened.
get off下车 (反义短语:get on上车)
与get相关的短语：
get used to习惯于 get out 离开；出去
get in进入 get into进入；陷入
get back回来;恢复 get on上车；相处
get out of 逃避；避免 get away脱身；逃脱
get over克服 get along with与...相处
练习题：
1.I took the subway and ______at the downtown station.
A.got through B.got over C.got on D.got off
2.---How soon will your father be back
---He will ______ in one month.
A.get back B.get over C.get in D.get into
5.It's sad that many people don't want to help others because they don't want any trouble.
trouble(不可数n)麻烦；苦恼；困难
常用短语：
get into trouble陷入困境
be in trouble处于困境
get sb.into trouble使某人陷入困境
常见搭配：
have trouble with sth.在某事方面有困难
have trouble (in) doing sth.在做某事方面有苦难
同义搭配：
have problems with/(in)doing sth.
have difficulty with/(in)doing sth.
trouble(vt) 麻烦；使苦恼
eg:Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
练习题：
1.---Sally is my best friend.She is always there whenever I'm ____.
---Yeah.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A.in order B.in trouble C.in public D.in danger
2.她在学习数学方面有困难。(trouble)
She has_______in ______math.
6.Someone got hit on the head.
hit(v)(用手或器具)击；打
“打某人的某个部位”的结构为：
动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名词
(in用于涉及身体表面较软或较空的部位；on用于身体较硬的部位)
eg:hit sb.in the face(eye,mouth,stomach...)
hit sb.on the head (nose,back,chest...)
练习题：
1.It snowed heavily last night,so a car____a tree by accident a moment ago.
A.hited B.hit C.hurt D.hurted
2.He＿＿the boy ____his head.
A.hit;in B.hited; on C.hit;on D.hited;in
7.As a mountain climber,Aron is used to taking risks.
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事(to是介词)
归纳：以to结尾，后接doing形式的短语有：
look forward to 盼望
pay attention to 注意；重视
make contribution to 做贡献
辨析：be used to doing,be used to do,be used for doing与used to do
be used to doing:习惯于做 (同义短语：get used to doing)
eg:They are used to living in the countryside.
be used to do:被用来做 (表示被动关系)
eg:The wood is used to make paper.
be used for doing:被用来做某事(强调用途)
eg:The wood is used for making paper.
used to do:过去常常做某事 (只用于过去时态)
eg:She used to play ping-pong.
risk:(可数n)危险；风险
risk的相关短语:
take risks冒险(take a risk) at risk在危险中
at the risk of doing sth.冒着...的危险
risk:(v)冒险(接n/doing形式)
eg:He risks his life to save her.
He risks saving her life.
练习题：
1.Jenny used to _____to work,but now she is used to_____,because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.
A.drive;walking B.drive;walk
C.driving;walk D.driving;walking
2.---You don't do any running,do you
---No,I _____,but now I _____climbing mountains to keep fit.
A.used to;am used to B.am used to;used to
C.was used to;used to D.used to;used to
8.Aron's arm was caught under a360-kilo rock ...when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.
360-kilo:是由“数词+名词”构成的复合形容词(数词、名词之间有连字符；名词用单数形式)
eg:600-word letter 600字的信 10-year-old boy10岁的男孩
拓展：
a two-month holiday=a two months' holiday 两个月的假期
ten-minute walk/ride/drive=ten minutes' walk/ride/drive 步行/骑车/开车 10分钟的路程
by oneself独自地；单独地(相当于alone)
eg:The students should do their home by themselves.
含有反身代词的短语：
hurt oneself伤了自己 teach oneself自学
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 for oneself 为自己
look after oneself 照顾自己 help oneself 请随便(吃/喝)
leave sb.by oneself 把某人单独留下
练习题：
1.---Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge
---Of course,it's built over a ________canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.
A.300-meter-deep B.300-meters-deep
C.300 meter deep D.300-meters deep
2.---She is too busy to help us finish the work.
---Let's do it _______.
A.herself B.myself C.itself D.ourselves
9.But when his water run out...
run out：(vi)用完；用尽(无被动语态)
辨析：run out与run out of
run out：其主语通常为表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词
eg:My money runs out.
run out of :其主语一般是人(相当于use up) 还可意为：从...中跑出来
eg:He has run out of the food,so he has to buy some.
The dog ran out of the room.
练习题：
1.These new types of energy cost very little and will never______.
A.look out B.come out C.run out D.stay out
根据句意及所给单词完成句子
Tom用完了他的零用钱。(run)
Tom ____ ____ ____ his pocket money.
10.So he used hie knife to cut off half his right arm.
与cut相关的短语：
cut away切掉；减掉 cut up 切碎 cut off切断；中断
cut down 砍倒；削减 cut in 插嘴 cut out 剪去；删掉
cut into halves 切为两半 cut into pieces切成碎块
练习题：
1.---I'm sorry to____on you,but there are one or two things I don't understand.
---It doesn't matter.
A.cut down B.cut out C.cut in D.cut off
解析：
cut down 砍倒；减少 cut out删除 cut in 插嘴；打断 cut off 切掉；切断
11.This means being in a difficult situation that you can not seem to get out of.
get out of 摆脱
mean:(v)打算；意欲 (meant)
其用法：
①mean to do sth. 打算做某事
eg:She means to go tomorrow.
②mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
eg:The offer means succeeding in something.
③mean+从句 打算、意思是
eg:It means that it is going to rain.
练习题：
1.---What is the____of the sign
---It ____ “No parking”.
A.means;meaning B.meaning;meaning
C.meaning;means D. means ;means
12....Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions,and of being in control of one's life.
importance(n)重要性；重要
the importance of (doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性
eg:You should know the importance of (studying) English.
important(adj)重要的
unimportant(adj)不重要的
decision(可数n)决定；抉择
常用结构：
make a decision to do sth.=make decisions to do sth.决定做某事
相当于:decide to do sth.
eg:He makes a decision to be a doctor when he grows up.
He decides to be a doctor when he grows up.
control:(n)(v)掌管；控制
常见用法：
be in control of掌管；控制
eg:Being in control of one's life is so important.
It's important to control the traffic.
拓展：
out of control 失控
under control 在掌控之中
keep sth.under control 控制住某事
traffic control交通管制
练习题：
1.My father has made a ____that he will buy a camera for me.
A.suggestion B.secret C.problem D.decision
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
More and more people are getting to know the_____(important)of protecting our environment.
13.情态动词should的用法
①表示“劝告、建议等”， 意为：应该(语气较ought to委婉)
②表示现在或将来的责任、义务
eg:We should respect the old.
③表示“推断”，意为：应该；可能
eg:I think they should be there by now.
④用于第一人称疑问句，询问对方的意愿(表说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气)
eg:Should I open the window？
What should we do now
⑤表示某种感彩，意为：竟会(常用以how,why开头的疑问句中)
Eg:Why should you be so early today