2024年英语中考宾语从句详细讲解和讲义（三）

2024英语中考语法宾语从句时态详细讲解和讲义（三）
宾语从句时态的规律是什么？
第一：主句是现在时，从句时态随便。
解释：当主句的时态是现在时，宾语从句的时态可以根据需要选择合适的时态。
注意：
这种情况下，宾语从句的时态并不完全随意，而是要根据句子的语义和逻辑关系来选择合适的时态。
以下是一些常见的时态选择：
一般现在时：用于陈述客观事实、普遍真理或经常性的行为。
例如：My teacher says (that) the earth revolves around the sun.
（我的老师说地球绕着太阳转。）
一般过去时：用于叙述过去发生的事情。
例如：He told me (that) he went to the park yesterday.（他告诉我他昨天去了公园。）
现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。
例如：The teacher is explaining (that) he is teaching us a new lesson.（老师正在解释他正在教我们一堂新课。）
现在完成时：表示已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响。
例如：She said (that) she has finished her homework.
（她说她已经完成了她的作业。）
第二：主句过去，从句过去。
解释：
这种情况下，宾语从句的时态与主句的时态保持一致，以表达一个相对于主句发生的过去事件或状态。
以下是一些例子来解释宾语从句中时态的规律：
一般过去时：用于陈述过去发生的事实或经常性的行为。
例如：She said (that) she went to the cinema last night.
（她说她昨晚去了电影院。）
过去进行时：表示在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。
例如：He told me (that) he was studying when I called him.
（他告诉我当我给他打电话时他正在学习。）
过去完成时：表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
例如：They mentioned (that) they had already visited that museum.
（他们提到他们已经参观过那个博物馆。）
第三：关于宾语从句客观真理的时态：
在英语中考的宾语从句中，如果从句表达的是客观真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都可以使用一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）。
例如：
1.He knows that the Earth is round. 他知道地球是圆的。
2. We all know that the chemical composition of water is H2O.
我们都了解水的化学组成是H2O。
3.She believes that time heals everything.
她相信时间能治愈一切。
4.We have learned the fact that the sun is at the center of the solar system.我们学过太阳是星系中心的事实。
在这些例子中，从句部分表达的都是客观真理，因此宾语从句中的动词可以使用一般现在时。
第四：关于宾语从句时态的练习题（有答案）：
一，选择语法正确的一个选项。
1.--- Do you know ________
--- Yeah, I heard the news this morning.
A. what time does the train leave
B. when the train leaves
C. what time did the train leave
D. where is the train leaving from
答案：B. when the train leaves
2.--- Can you tell me ________
--- Sorry, I have no idea.
A. how many people are attending the party
B. what kind of food will be served at the party
C. if there will be any entertainment at the party
D. when and where the party is being held
答案：D. when and where the party is being held
3.--- Do you know ________
--- I think he's been working on it for a few hours.
A. how long has he been working on the project
B. why he's so dedicated to the project
C. if he needs any help with the project
D. when the project is due
答案：A. how long has he been working on the project
4.--- Excuse me, could you tell me ________
--- Sure, it's on the second floor.
A. where is the restroom
B. where can I find the exit
C. where is the ticket counter
D. where is the elevator
答案：A. where is the restroom
二、汉译英。
1.他告诉我他每天早上（起床）很早。
答案：He told me that he gets up early every morning.
2.她问我我是否（喜欢）她的新发型。
答案：She asked me if I like her new hairstyle.
3.我相信他很快就会（找到）一份好工作。
I believe that he will soon find a good job.
4.我们都知道太阳（是）一个恒星。
We all know that the sun is a star.
5.她告诉我她（已经完成）作业了。
She told me that she has finished her homework.