2024年中考英语人教版（山东）一轮专题复习学案-专训4 连词

专训四 连词
【图解语法】
【知识清单】
【考向1】
连词的分类
并列连词 用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子。常用的并列连词有and, or, but, not only...but also..., both...and...等
从属连词 用来引导从句。常用的从属连词有so, because, when, although, whether等
【考向2】
并列连词的分类
表示并列关系 and(then), both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as,等等 and表并列或顺承关系;both...and...语气比and强。as well as表示“而且,也,又”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词通常要与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
表示转折关系 but, yet, while,等等 but不可与连词though或although一起使用。while用于强调上下文的一种对比关系
表示选择关系 or, either...or..., rather than,would rather...than...,等等 either...or...选择的意义比or强。rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致
表示因果关系 for, so 并列连词for不能放在句首,而应位于两句之间,表示附加说明或推断的理由
【考向3】
并列连词的辨析
连词 主要用法 例句
and 意为“和;同”,表示并列或顺承关系,and连接的主语部分在数上一般是复数概念,用作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式 He and I are watching TV.我和他正在看电视。 Lily and Kate are good students. Lily和Kate是好学生。
but 意为“但是;然而”,表示转折关系,常用于连接具有转折关系的两个并列句 I like English, but I don't like math.我喜欢英语,但我不喜欢数学。
or 意为“还是;或;否则”,表示选择或条件。or之前也常用祈使句 Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.=If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the train.快点,否则你就赶不上火车了。
so 意为“因此;所以”,表示因果关系。在同一个英文句子里,so不与because连用 Monkeys are very clever, so we like them./Because monkeys are very clever, we like them.因为猴子很聪明,所以我们喜欢它们。
易混易错
1.表并列时,and用于肯定句中,or用于否定句中。
2.祈使句+and/or+...,意为“请……,你会……/否则你会……”相当于If you do/don't..., you'll...例如:
Work hard, or you'll fail the exam./If you don't work hard, you will fail the exam.努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的。
【考向4】
并列连词短语的辨析
neither...nor... 既不……也不……;两者都不…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词的人称和数取决于nor 后面的名词或代词的人称和数,即采用“就近原则”
either...or... ……或者……;要么……要么…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式要与or后面的主语保持一致
not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式通常和相邻的主语保持一致
both...and... 两者都…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
as well as 而且,还,又 连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
【考向5】
从属连词的分类
时间状语从句的从属连词 when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till/ until, as, whenever
原因状语从句的从属连词 because, since, as
条件状语从句的从属连词 if, unless, as long as
目的状语从句的从属连词 so that, in order that
让步状语从句的从属连词 although, though, even if, even though, whatever
结果状语从句的从属连词 so that, so...that, such...that
易混易错
1.对原因状语从句的考查要注意:在汉语中,“因为……所以……”是成对出现的,但在英语中because和so不能同时出现在同一个句子中。
2.though、 although、 even if、 even though表示“虽然……但是……”时,不与but连用。
3.在when引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如:
When he knew what happened, he rang up the police station at once. 当他知道所发生的事情时,便立刻给警察局打电话。
4.在while引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常常用过去进行时。当从句的谓语是延续性动词时,when和while可以互换使用。例如:
I visited him when (while) I was in Beijing. 当我在北京时,我去看了他。
The teacher came into the classroom when (while) we were drawing pictures.当我们画画时,老师走进了教室。
【随堂练习】
一、用适当的连词完成下列句子
1.Lucy tried to be brave,　 　results always made her disappointed.
2.　 　you don't learn English well, you will miss the chance to travel abroad.
3.　 　Mr.Miller takes a bus, he will be here on time.
4.You cannot see the clouds 　 　the sky is very clear.
5.It's easy to get there.You can 　 　ride a bike 　 　take a bus.
6.The book was so interesting that Jim had read it for three hours 　 　he got it.
7.Miss Chen has been teaching in this school 　 　she was 26 years old.
8.　 　Mr.Liu is over sixty years old, he still plans to learn a second language.
9.Three buses went by in the opposite direction 　 　 we were waiting at the bus stop.
10.“This is our first lesson,　 　I don't know all your names,” said Miss White.
二、用方框中所给的单词或短语的适当形式填空
as well as　since　but　or　before
even though　such…that…
not only…but also…　so that　wherever
1. 　 　 you are, please let me know.
2.He can　 　swim　 　skate.
3.I will never forget that pleasant trip　 　I took it ten years ago.
4.This room is very small,　 　 very comfortable.
5.The Olympics are　 　 great sports meetings　 　 many people want to take part in them.
6.I want to buy a book for my sister online　 　I can save some time.
7.I usually take a shower　 　I go to bed every night.
8.　 　everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.
9.Which animals do you like better Cats　 　dogs
10.She loves singing　 　dancing.
【参考答案】
一、1.but　2.If 　3.If 　4.because　5.either 　or　6.since　7.since 　8.Although/Though　9.while　10.so
二、1.Wherever　2.not only　but also　3.even though　4.but　5.such　that　6.so that　7.before　8.Since　9.or　10.as well as
【仿真训练】
一、完形填空
A(原创)
　　One day a professor (教授) entered her classroom and told her students about a surprise test.The students took their seats and waited for the test to begin.The professor put a test paper on each student's desk and then asked them to turn the paper over and begin.
　　The students were surprised to see that there were no questions, 　1　 just a single black dot (圆点) on the paper.The professor said, “I just want you to write down what you see on this paper.”
　　The students were confused, but they did as they were told.At the end of the class, the professor took their test paper 　2　 started reading their answers aloud.Each student tried to describe the black dot — its size and its position on the paper. 　3　 the professor finished reading, the class was silent.
　　She started to explain.“Don't worry.I won't be grading (分等级) this test.But I want you to think about something.All of you focused on the black dot on this test paper and wrote about it, 　4　 , no one wrote about the white area around the dot.”
　　“Imagine that this paper represents your life.The white area represents all of your life experiences while the black dot just stands for the bad things you've gone through. Life blesses us with many things — loved ones, enjoyable moments, and even miracles from time to time. But 　5　 we tend to focus on the negative, our problems and difficulties will beat us.”
　　“Don't just focus on the black dots in your life.Remind yourself how lucky you are sometimes.”
( )1.A.but B.while C.or D.so
( )2.A.unless B.and C.until D.as
( )3.A.After B.Yet C.Then D.Because
( )4.A.so B.therefore C.however D.before
( )5.A.if B.although C.though D.still
B(原创)
　　During the winter holiday, I volunteered at a nursing home to help look after the old people there.This experience allowed me to have a better understanding of the need to care for the elderly.
　　In the morning, I walked into the nursing home with a smile as bright as sunshine.I said hello to everyone. 　1　 I joined the rest of the volunteers as they did their work.We cleaned tables and windows and mopped (用拖把拖) the floor.We wanted to make the nursing home neat (整洁的) and comfortable.
　　 　2　 cleaning, we gave the old people haircuts, chatted with them,and cooked food for them. 　3　 seeing the old people smiling, I felt a sense of joy deep in my heart.At the end of the day,everyone got together 　4　 sang the beautiful song Grateful Heart.
　　Respecting and loving the elderly is a traditional virtue (美德).I think the only thing that the elderly really need is not money 　5　 company (陪伴) with love. By giving them company, we can also feel the kind of joy that can only be gained (获得) by giving.
( )1.A.Then B.Unless C.Because D.Since
( )2.A.Or B.After C.But D.If
( )3.A.As B.Before C.Since D.When
( )4.A.and B.but C.or D.as
( )5.A.so B.but C.therefore D.however
二、语篇填空
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
A
　　Now, more and more foreigners are living in China.They are studying or working here.They love China 1.　 　are used to their everyday life.2.　 　sometimes they have problems.For example, some of them don't know how to give gifts.Here are some suggestions for them.
　　It's necessary to bring a gift.
In China, it's a traditional custom to bring a gift 3.　 　 you are invited to someone's home.Usually fresh flowers and fruit are your best choices.The number “eight” is considered to be lucky, 4.　 　eight apples or eight oranges are a good idea.
　　You'd better wrap (包) your gift.
　　When you buy a gift, the seller usually helps you wrap the gift.Don't be surprised if your gift is wrapped.Wrapping paper will make your gift look more beautiful.In China, people don't open gifts at once.They usually do it in the evening 5.　 　after you leave.
B(原创)
　　When I was in the sixth grade, my father bought a new water dispenser (饮水机).
　　One day, I got some water from it. 1.　 　, the water tasted “dirty”. So I never use the water dispenser again. 2.　 　 my parents thought the water tasted just fine.
　　On another day, my mother thought I might be thirsty.She filled her cup with water from the dispenser and gave it to me.She said, “It's very hot today.You'd better have some water.” I refused at first,but it was 3.　 　 hot that I eventually drank it.To my surprise, the water tasted good this time!
　　Finally, I found out that I forgot to clean my cup last time, which made the water taste bad.Therefore, this incident (事件) reminded me that sometimes we only know one part of a story, 4.　 　 not the whole.We might misunderstand things 5.　 　believe false facts.
　　You should remember to clean your “cup” and seek the truth.
【参考答案】
一、完形填空
A
1~5　ABACA
B
1~5　ABDAB
二、语篇填空
A
1.and 　2.But　3.when/if　4.so　5.or
B
1.However　2.But　3.so　4.but　5.and
2