2024年中考英语人教版（山东）一轮专题复习学案-专训5 冠词

专训五 冠词
【图解语法】
【知识清单】
【考向1】
不定冠词的基本用法
用法 例词或例句
用于第一次提到的人或事物前 I saw a boy sleeping over there.
用来指一类人或事物中的任何一个 I want to buy an English book.
表示数量,相当于one或each I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物 A man is waiting for you at the gate.
表示类别,泛指某一类人或物 A horse is bigger than a rabbit.
表示“每一”的意思,相当于every once a week; 200 kilometres an hour
用在such、quite、rather、half、what等词之后 such a busy day; half an hour
(续表)
用法 例词或例句
用在某些固定搭配中 a bit; in a word; have a try
特别提醒
1.不定冠词a和an的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头,要根据其读音,而不是仅仅根据其首字母。例如:a horse、an hour、an apple。
2.发音为元音音素开头的字母
26个字母中发音为元音音素开头的有12个,它们分别是a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、o、r、s、x。例如:
There is an “m” in the word “map”.
巧学妙记
1.巧记不定冠词a和an的区别:
冠词a、an两种帽,许多名词常需要。
开头读音若是元,要把an帽来戴好。
辅音起首用a帽,记住规律别乱套。
2.巧记不定冠词的用法:
不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”。可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体。某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。
【考向2】
定冠词的基本用法
用法 例词或例句
特指有修饰语的或第二次提及的同一事物或谈话双方都知道的某个或某些人或事物 On the right there was a bed. And on the bed there was a toy.
用于由限制性定语所修饰的名词前,指一类人或事物中特定的人或事物 The man on the right is my father.
表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun; the world; the Great Wall
用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物 The mobile phone is more useful than the camera.
用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前 the first floor; the tallest building
用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称前 the Changjiang River; the Pacific
用在由普通名词构成的一些表示机构、文娱场所、商店、设施等专有名词前 the Science Museum; the Friendship Store
用在姓氏的复数形式前,指一家人或一对夫妇 the Smiths; the Wangs
和某些形容词连用,表示一类人,在意义上常是复数 the old; the rich; the sick
与某些名词所有格连用时表示“在……处” at the doctor's
用在乐器前 play the guitar
(续表)
用法 例词或例句
用在next、last、same、only等词前 the next moment
用在某些固定搭配中 all the year round; in the end
巧学妙记
巧记定冠词的基本用法:
特指重提与唯一,岛屿海峡和海湾;
海洋党派最高级,沙漠河流与群山;
方位顺序和乐器,年代团体与机关;
船名建筑和组织,会议条约与报刊;
姓氏复数国全名,请你记住用定冠。
【考向3】
不用冠词(零冠词)的情况
情况 例词或例句
复数名词和物质名词表示泛指时 Cats like fish, don't they
人名、地名、街道名、城市名、洲、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园、节日等专有名词前 Beijing Street; Mount Tai; Baiyun Airport; Teachers' Day
表示职位、身份、称呼、头衔的名词前 Mr. Green; head of our province
节假日、季节、月份、星期前 National Day; summer; May; Sunday
表示一日三餐、球类、语言、学科、棋类、游戏等名词前 have supper; play football
在与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前 by train; by bus
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时 this book; my son; Jack's bike
在某些固定搭配中 day and night; by mistake
特别提醒
1.节假日前一般不加冠词,但节日名中含有“Festival”的中国传统节日名前,通常要加the。例如:
the Spring Festival
2.在表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词,但如果特指或指具体的饮食,可用定冠词;有修饰词时用不定冠词。例如:
①Were you at the lunch with the English teacher
②I had a big supper just now.
3.某些短语中有无the表达的意义不同。例如:
be in hospital 住院;be in the hospital 在医院;go to school 去上学;go to the school 去学校
巧学妙记
巧记不用冠词的情况:
不用冠词有几点,名前代词这那限;
星期月份和季节,专名球类及语言;
复数名词表泛指,棋类学科三餐前;
交通方式和节日,称呼职务与头衔;
颜色电视和国名,固定搭配记心间。
【随堂练习】
用适当的冠词完成下列句子
1.There's 　 　 new schoolbag on Bill's desk.
2.Don't forget to turn left at 　 　third crossing.I'll wait for you there.
3.My grandma used to tell me 　 　old story before going to bed every night.
4.My red sweater is in the washing machine, so I have to choose 　 　another one.
5.It's very surprising that the 65-year-old man has 　 　e-mail address.
6.It is increasingly clear that 　 　Internet is becoming more and more important.
7.What's 　 　address of your new school,Lily I would like to visit you next month.
8.We all believe that Michael will become 　 　 important and useful member of the society in the future.
9.　 　 Greens arrived in Beijing last week.They will leave for Shanghai this weekend.
10.There will be 　 　talk on teenage problems tomorrow. All the students are asked to attend 　 　 talk.
11.Tomorrow Mr.Smith will leave Paris, 　 　 capital of 　 　 France, for Washington by　 　 air.
12.We were having　 　lunch when they came in.
13.This is the book you gave me last week. 　 　 book is interesting.
14.What did you do 　 　 last Saturday
15.March 8 is 　 　 Women's Day.
16.If 　 　 weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.
17.I prefer playing 　 　 piano to playing　 　 basketball.
18.At 　 　 age of five, he read a lot of books.
19.Tom and Lucy are of 　 　 same age.
20.　 　 harder we study, 　 　 more we learn.
【参考答案】
1.a　2.the 　3.an 　4./ 　5.an 　6.the　7.the　8.an　9.The　10.a　the　11.the　/　/　12./　13.The　14./
15./　16.the　17.the　/　18.the　19.the　20.The　the
【仿真训练】
一、完形填空
A(原创)
　　As a young man, Peter was a skilled potter (陶工).He had 　1　 wife and two sons.But one night, his oldest son died of 　2　 sudden illness.To make matters worse, his wife left him 　3　 short time later, leaving him alone with his 6-year-old son. 　4　 pain was more than Peter could stand, and he turned to the alcohol (酒).Finally, Peter became an alcoholic.
　　Day by day, Peter began to lose 　5　 everything he had—his home, his job and his skills. In 　6　 end, Peter died alone in a motel (汽车旅馆) room.
　　When I heard of Peter's death,I thought, “What 　7　 complete failure!”
　　As time went by, Peter's son Ernie grew up.He is one of 　8　 kindest and most caring men I have ever known.I watched Ernie with his children and saw the free flow (流动) of love between them.I knew that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere.
“From my earliest memories as 　9　 child until I left home at the age of 18, my father came into my room every night, gave me 　10　 kiss and said,‘I love you,son.’” Ernie said. It was the great love from his father that made him a kind man. And then I realized that I had misunderstood Peter.
( )1.A.a　　B.an　　C.the　　D./
( )2.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )3.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )4.A.A B.An C.The D./
( )5.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )6.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )7.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )8.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )9.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )10.A.a B.an C.the D./
B
　　It was December 30th.Anna and Alex were helping Mom make banana cakes.They cut up the bananas, put the eggs and sugar in the flour (面粉), poured 　1　 milk in and mixed them all up.
　　When they were almost done, Anna asked, “Mom, why are we making so many cakes ” “I want to take some to Mrs.Brown across 　2　 street,”said Mom.“Her husband died of 　3　 serious illness a few days ago.She only has her dog Wangwang in 　4　 house.”
　　Mom put the cakes in the oven (烤箱) and the children helped clean up 　5　 mess.The cakes were finally done.Anna and Alex waited patiently until 　6　 cakes cooled down.Then they put some on the plate and headed to 　7　 opposite house.
　　When Mrs.Brown opened 　8　 door, Anna said,“Mrs.Brown, we have brought you some banana cakes.” “Thank you.They smell delicious,” Mrs.Brown said. “Wangwang and I are feeling 　9　 little lonely these days.It's kind of you to come.”
　　“Would you like to join us for the New Year's dinner tomorrow ” asked Mom.“Take Wangwang,too.”“Well, I'm not sure,”said Mrs.Brown.“Please say yes,”said Alex.“Come to our house,and it will be 　10　 great fun,”said Anna.
　　Mrs.Brown thanked them for inviting Wangwang and her,saying she felt better.Happiness was doubled when shared.
( )1.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )2.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )3.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )4.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )5.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )6.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )7.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )8.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )9.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )10.A.a B.an C.the D./
二、语篇填空
阅读下面的短文,用冠词a、 an、 the或 / 填空。
A(原创)
　　Once upon 1.　 　time, 2.　 　old farmer planted a lot of rice.Every day he went to 3.　 　field to watch the seedlings (幼苗)grow.He saw the young shoots (芽) break through 4.　 　 soil and grow taller each day.But still, he thought they were growing too slowly.He got impatient with 5.　 　 young plants.“How can 6.　 　 plants grow faster ” He tossed (翻来覆去) in 7.　 　bed during the night and could not sleep.Suddenly he had 8.　 　 idea.He jumped out of 9.　 　 bed and ran to 10.　 　 field.By the moonlight, he began working on the rice seedlings.He pulled up the young plants by half an inch and was happy. But when he got up the next day, he found all the plants were dead. He felt so regretful.
B
　　An old man had seven sons, and they were always quarreling (争吵).Some enemies decided to cheat them out of their property (财产) by making them quarrel about it.
　　1.　 　 good old man, one day, called his sons around him.He laid before them seven sticks(棍子), which were tied together with 2.　 　rope. He said,“I will pay 3.　 　hundred dollars to the one who can break 4.　 　bundle (捆).”
　　Each of them worked hard to break the bundle.They tried many times but failed.They all said that it could not be done.
　　“My boys,”said the father,“nothing is 5.　 　 easy to do.” He then untied the bundle, and broke 6.　 　 sticks, one by one, very easily. “Ah!” said his sons, “It is easy enough to do it, so 7.　 　 anybody could do it in that way.”
　　Their father replied, “As long as you work together and help 8.　 　 each other, you will do well, and no one can hurt you.But if you quarrel and fight, it will happen to you just as it has happened to these sticks, which lie here broken on 9.　 　ground.”
In fact, whether it is in 10.　 　home, city,or country, people will grow richer and stronger when they work together and help each other.
【参考答案】
一、完形填空
A
1~5　AAACD　6~10　CACAA
B
1~5　CCACC　6~10　CCCAD
二、语篇填空
A
1.a　2.an　3.the　4.the　5.the　6.the　7./ 　8.an　9.the　10.the
B
1.The　2.a　3.a　4.the　5./　6.the　7./　8./　9.the
10.a
2