(共23张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 4
Using Language (Ⅱ)
Express your opinions on sea exploration
1.通过阅读两篇议论短文，了解海洋探索对于人类的利弊，能够树立正确的海洋观；
2.能掌握议论文的问题结构和语言特征，完成议论文写作。
新 课 导 入
课 堂 学 习
Pre-reading
Should the sea be explored
Read the two texts and answer the questions.
Skimming
What is the text type of the two passages
What are the three parts in argumentative essay
Argumentative essay.
Argument, evidence, restatement/ recommendation/ a call to action.
Scanning
1
Read the two texts below and find the arguments and evidence in them.
argument evidence
Text 1
Exploration causes pollution.
Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Plastic pollution
Mining for resources is damaging.
It hurts the Arctic.
Burning fossil fuels adds to climate change.
Overfishing is an issue.
Whales and dolphins are hunted.
Banned, but some countries still doing it.
Text 2
argument evidence
Sea exploration is important for our future.
Scientific research ships can help address important issues like climate change.
Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
New medicines, food resources and energy.
Predict events such as earthquakes.
We need new resources for future development.
Vast amounts of resources may be under the sea and ice.
Look at the two charts below and decide which one supports which text.
2
Text 2
Text 1
In groups, discuss the following questions and take notes.
3
1. What is your opinion about sea exploration Do you agree with one argument more than the other
2. Has your opinion changed after reading the two texts Why or why not
I think sea exploration is a wonderful idea, because even if there are no immediate rewards for it, to explore and find out more about our world is always a good thing.
Yes, my opinion has changed. Before reading Text 1, I did not know that sea exploration could add to sea pollution, via deep sea drilling for example.
3. Are there any other aspects of sea exploration not mentioned that you think are important
We do not know what we don’t know; We need to explore the ocean so that we can better understand issues such as acidification which leads to seawater to become more acidic, and how to fight these problems; Studying the ocean causes the creation of new technologies that can help us in other areas.
Based on your note, write an argumentative essay on sea exploration, expressing your opinions with supporting facts.
4
1) The following questions may help you.
What is the purpose of sea exploration
How does sea exploration help us to protect the sea
How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea
Is there a good balance between protection and exploitation
2) Use the PEEL method to help structure your argument.
Point
Evidence
Explanation
Link
What point do you want to make
What facts and examples can you find to support your point How reliable are the sources
Explain how the facts support your opinion and show other opinions to be incorrect.
Connect this point to the next point, or back to the
main point of the essay or paragraph.
3) Write your draft and exchange it with a partner.
Use the checklist to help each other revise the drafts.
4) Get your feedback and revise your draft.
Yes No
Is the point clear enough
Are there any examples or facts that support the argument strongly
Is there any explanation on how the evidence supports the opinion
Are there some connectives linking one point to another
Even though the oceans make up about 70% of the earth’s surface, more than 80% of the oceans remain unexplored. While some people say that we should not explore the oceans, their reasoning is not very sound. Exploring is not the same as exploiting. When we explore a place, we go just to see and understand what is there.
We should explore the ocean, first and foremost, because we do not know what we do not know. We thought we knew many about the ocean, but we were wrong. There could be life forms in the ocean, for example, that fit none of the neat categories we have for life while we have no clue that they even exist.
This brings up the second point. We already know many things about the ocean, but we need to learn more. A good example is ocean acidification.
We know that it is causing coral to die. We know that using less fossil fuel would cause the process to slow down. However, we need to learn more to find out how to stop it. We need more research to see what is going on, and to come up with plans and solutions.
Finally, to do this research, we have to enter an extreme environment not very friendly to humans. This requires the development of new technologies that can also benefit us in other areas. For example, in many ways, the deep ocean resembles outer space. The technologies can benefit each other. For another instance, the technology of a mechanical arm to collect samples with has been used in factories and development of artificial limbs for humans.
All in all, there are many good reasons to explore the oceans. If we care about science, about protecting our oceans, and about developing new technologies, we need to do all we can to support ocean exploration.
Language points
1. When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting it. 当人们谈论更多地探索海洋时，他们通常意味着开发它。
exploit vt. 开发；利用；剥削
※exploit sth. to do sth. 利用某事做某事
※exploit sb.with sth. 用......剥削某人
※exploitation n.开发；利用；剥削
※explorer n.开发者；剥削者
The controlled ____________ (exploit) of sea resources can protect many species.
exploitation
2. Although this was banned in 1982,some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管这在1982年被禁止,一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的动物。
mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
show mercy to sb/have mercy on sb 怜悯某人
at the mercy of... 任由……摆布；忍受……控制
It's a mercy that...……真是万幸。
without mercy 毫不留情
merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的
be merciful to/towards sb 对某人仁慈
3. The sea is home to life, not human beings’ possessions.
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。
possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制
be in possession of 拥有……（主语为人）
be in the possession of (sb)= be in one’s possession（某物）被 （某人）拥有
come into one’s possession 为某人所拥有
take / come into possession of 占有；拥有
possess v. 占有，拥有；控制，支配。
1) 这伙人被逮住了，人赃俱获。
The gang was caught ___________________ stolen goods.
2) 离开宾馆时请记得随身携带好你的私人物品。
Please remember to take all your ____________________ with you when you leave the hotel.
in possession of
personal possessions
4. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.
记录新物种将提高我们对地球上生命的了解。
log vt.把……载入正式记录;记录 n.正式记录;日志;原木
log in/on 注册，登记
log in/on to 登录
log off/out 注销；结束
5. Although this was banned in 1982,some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管这在1982年被禁止,一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的动物。
本句是一个复合句。some countries are...是主句;although=though是从属连词,意为“虽然……;尽管……”,引导让步状语从句。
Although the sun was shining,it wasn’t very warm.
尽管太阳高照,天却不是很暖和。
though/although的用法
(1)用作连词
表示“虽然”,两者大致同义,可换用,只是 although 比 though 更为正式。
Though/Although it was raining,we went there.
虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。
(2)用作副词
although一般不用作副词,而 though 可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是;不过”。
It’s hard work;I enjoy it though.
工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。
(3)用于习语
在 as though(好像,仿佛)、even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although。
We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing.
我们感觉仿佛目击了整个事件似的。
(4)用于倒装
though引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意:倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词),但 although 一般不这样用。
I will say no more on these matters,important though they are.
虽然这些事很重要,我也不想再说什么了。
完成句子
（1）纵然任务艰巨，我们也要及时完成。
We will manage to accomplish the task in time _________ _________ it is difficult.
(2) 拉斯蒂点点头，好像一切都明白了。
Rusty nodded _________ _________ she understood everything.
even
though
as
though
Could you summarize the structure about the argumentative essay (共18张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 3
Using Language (I)
Get to know about whales and other sea animals
1.通过听对话，能树立保护海洋生态的意识，形成正确的海洋发展观；
2.能抓住对话要点和说话者的叙述逻辑，在口头表达中灵活运用顺序词。
Could you complete the fun facts about whales
Whales can hold their breaths for at least _____ minutes.
The ________ whale is the largest known creature to ever inhabit the planet.
Humpback whales sing _________ songs.
There are ________ types of whales.
Whales ________ sleep.
20
blue
complex
two
don’t
新 课 导 入
课 堂 学 习
Pre-listening
Read the poster on page 30, describe the picture.
The photo is of a 26-meter blue whale approaching a whale watching boat in Monterey Bay, California.
1
1. What aspect of the camp would you like best
I would like the opportunity to see the whales close up best.
2. Do you think it is important to carry out research on whales and other sea creatures
This research helps us learn more about the wonderful world we live in, and it also helps us learn more about these amazing creatures so that we can better protect them.
While-listening
Listen to the head researcher talking to the campers at the end of the day. What three things were the campers asked to do
2
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
to find out some facts for a whale profile
to think about why they do whale research
to go out with and write a report of the work they do
Listen for sequence
When people talk about a series of actions or events happening in sequence of time, they often use certain words and phrases, such as first, next, then, after that, later, and finally.
3
Listen to Luke's part of the conversation again. Number the following sentences in the correct order.
After that, we gave the group of whales a name, and each member a number.
They will be added to the directory so we can identify them in the future.
Most whales have slightly different fins and marks, which can help us to tell them apart.
Meanwhile, we also noted their location, so we can track their movements and plot their migration path.
Then we took pictures of their fins.
Finally, we contacted other whale research groups around the world to share the information with them.
First, we followed a group of whales with the boat.
Later, we created a database of their fins and locations.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4
Listen to the conversation again and answer the questions.
1. How many species of whales are there
2. What is the criterion to divide the main types of whales
3. What do whales use sounds for
4. Why do the campers take pictures of the whales' fins
5. Why do they contact other research groups
Over 80.
The criterion is whether they have teeth or not.
They use sounds to communicate and hunt.
They want to share information with them.
This can help them to tell the whales apart.
Complete the mind map and talk about whales.
Whales
over 80 species
Whales
with teeth
Whales
without
teeth
food
species
food
typical species
fish, sea animals
70
small organisms
blue whale
length
weight
100feet
200tons
Some of the students could not make it to the camp. Imagine you were there. Tell your partner about what happened, using the expressions in the box below. Your partner can also ask questions to find out more about what happened.
5
Expressing sequence
First(ly),… Second(ly), ... Third(ly), ... First of all...
Then/After that/Afterwards/Next/Later on…
In the end/At last, ... At that time..
It began when... Meanwhile… Later… Finally…
A: Today we learnt about whales and whale research. First, we found some information and facts about whales. We used the library and the Internet.
B: What did you do after that
A: Well, after that we thought about why we do whale research.
B: But why do we do whale research
A: There are lots of reasons. First of all, we need to know how many whales there are. Then, we need to know where they go. And finally, we need to understand more about them.
B: Then what did you do next
A: After that, we went out whale watching, following a group of whales in a boat.
B: That sounds great. Did you just watch them, or did you do anything else
A: We started by taking pictures of their fins, so we could tell them apart. At the same time, we noted their location, so we could track them.
B: What did you do afterwards
A: We created a database and gave each whale a name and number. Then finally, we shared our information with other whale research groups around the world.
B: It all sounds so wonderful! I wish I could have joined you
A: I do, too.
Watch the video Protecting Biodiversity, and then discuss what other sea animals you would like to see.
6
What sea animals can you see in the video
What other sea animals would you like to see
What would you like to know about these sea animals
Time
Place
Route1 Activity Purpose of the activity
Route2
Talk with your partner and make a plan for a trip to see the animals. Your plan should include activities you would like to do.
For our trip, we would like to go to the Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, whose theme is “Spanning five continents by a connection of water”. We can first visit the special exhibition of saving sharks. Then we can go to see the seahorses whose number declined greatly for the past decade. However, most people do not know much about seahorses at all. I think we need to raise awareness about seahorses and marine conservation in China. The last spot will be The Chinese Pavilion, which displays the aquatic organisms and bio-system in the Yangtze River and some national endangered rare aquatic creatures, like Chinese alligator and Chinese Sturgeon.
Do you think human beings can still see various sea animals in 100 years and why (共24张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 5
Assessing Your Progress
1.复习本单元的重点词汇、短语以及不定式的功能用法；
2.通过学习海洋相关的语言知识，能够为世界海洋日设计海报；
3.通过观看视频，了解我国海洋科学研究的进步。
新 课 导 入
Say the meaning of these words or phrases as quickly as possible!
murder
log
profession
coverage
in hand
tale
mixture
extend
mercy
set sail
opponent
royal
negotiate
possession
withdraw
arrest
课 堂 学 习
1
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.
applaud directory opponent murder log
1. After finishing his workout, he updated his fitness ______.
2. In the final match, his_________ will be stronger and more experienced.
3. In a classical music concert, the audience___________ politely at the end of the performance.
4. I couldn't find your name in the telephone_________.
5. A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the _____________.
log
opponent
applauded
directory
murder
动词不定式的时态和语态形式
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。具体形式如下表所示（以do为例）：
语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。
Complete the passage below with the proper forms of the verbs in brackets.
2
Have you ever seen a seal It has a round belly with a thick skin _________ (keep) itself warm. Its big eyes seem______ (be) those of an innocent child. When you look into its eyes, you may feel closely _____________ (connect) to it.
Actually, people in ancient times did believe seals and human beings_______ (be) the same. As legend has it, an old couple by the sea once heard a baby________ (cry). They hurried to the water, only_________ (find) a baby seal there. They took it back home, fed it, and raised it as their son. Gradually, the baby seal grew up, __________ (look) just like a human being. The old couple allowed him ________ (go) anywhere except near the sea. The son loved his parents so much that he promised ___________ (not swim).
to keep
to be
connected
were
crying
to find
looking
to go
not to swim
One day, the father went ___________ (fish) out at sea, when the weather suddenly changed. The ship struggled on the stormy sea, ___________ (roll) with each heavy wave. His wife watched the horrible scene, ___________ (cry) hopelessly. All of a sudden, the son jumped into the wild sea ___________ (save) his father. He swam as fast as lightning, just like a seal! Finally, the father was pushed to the shore alive, but this old couple never saw their son again.
fishing
rolling
crying
to save
What do you think happened to the son
The son had changed into a seal and discovered that he was much happier living in the sea. Sadly, he tried to go back and visit his parents, but he discovered that he could not become a human again.
Project
Create a poster for World Oceans Day
Content Information
Time
Place
Event
Participant
Purpose
Theme
What should be included in a poster for World Oceans Day
What skills will be needed in creating the poster
1
Pick a theme you want the day to be about.
Surf the Internet for stories about the sea to inspire you. You can pick a serious issue, or you can focus on a theme to show people how amazing the sea is.
overfishing wonders of the sea tourism biodiversity pollution beautiful beaches coral reefs deep-sea exploration
Which topic do you think is the most valuable one and why
What other aspects about the sea would you like to learn more about
What theme do you want World Oceans Day to be about
2
Research your theme.
Find out as much about your theme as you can. Use the Internet and your school library.
Come up with a short slogan for your theme.
Is your slogan closely related to the theme
Is your slogan pithy (no more than 10 words)
Is your slogan memorable (rhyme, rhythm, brevity)
Brainstorm ideas for the design of your poster and what to include.
What do you want it to look like
What design would be most effective
What information do you want to include
What images do you want to use
4
Choosing Colour Scheme
Make it visually appealing. (no more than 3 colours)
Understand the message and audience.
Use dark coloured font.
Using Helpful Images
Choose helpful images. (figures, diagrams, graphics, table, ...)
Cite the pictures.
Make the poster a good size.
Use appropriate placement.
Picking the fonts
Know the styles.
Keep it short and simple.
Make the writing the right size.
Balancing the Poster
Emphasise the most important information.
Connect with the viewers.
Remember the 1/3-2/3 rule. (1/3 of your poster should be white space; 2/3 of it should be text and images)
Create an event that will take place on the day.
Give a time and date for the event, and some details of what will happen.
Beach/river cleanup activity Zoo/aquarium tour
Art/photography competition A play about the sea
Film festival Presentations by sea scientists
Sustainable seafood lunch Interviews with scientists, explorers, etc.
5
Put everything together to complete your poster. Then give a short presentation to the class.
Content Theme Is the theme clear
Is the theme valuable
Slogan Is the slogan closely-related to the theme
Is the slogan pithy (say a lot with a little)
Is the slogan memorable (rhyme, rhythm, brevity)
Event Does the event include the following aspects
The name of the event
The place where the event will take place
The time the event will take place
People who will take part in the event
The activities that will be included in the event
Design Colour Are the colours fit in the message and audience
Images Are helpful images used (figures, diagrams, graphics, or table ...)
Fonts Are the fonts simple, clean, and professional
Balance Is the most important information emphasised
Before You Watch
Look at the pictures from the video below. What do you think these people are doing
1. Researchers on the Kexue are raising a research buoy off the ship and lowering it into the water.
2. Researchers on the Kexue are conducting onboard experiments.
3. A research on the Kexue is looking at a monitor while using a joystick to manoeuvre the Faxian the submersible vehicle in deep water.
4. Researchers on the Kexue manoeuvring a large instrument into the place on the deck of the ship.
5. Researchers on the Kexue are releasing a balloon for atmospheric investigation.
6. Researchers on the Kexue are lowering nets into the water to collect samples.
While You Watch
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Circle the best words to complete the sentences below.
1. The sea covers over/under two-thirds of our planet.
2. Kexue is regarded as a moving laboratory/factory on the sea.
3. The IOCAS is the Institute/Initiative of Oceanology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences/Scientists.
4. The Faxian vehicle has surveyed more than 3,000/400 sites and
has collected 3/3,000 tons of geological samples.
3 Answer the following questions.
1. When was Kexue first put into operation
2. What is the function of Faxian
3. What did IOCAS conduct research on the Western Pacific Ocean System for
4. Why is marine science important for China today
In 2014.
To gather an enormous amount of environmental information and to carry out field experiments.
To research and investigate major scientific issues of the extreme marine environment.
Deep-sea research has become an important strategic step for China to develop into a marine power. It is also an important symbol of the country's level of technology and overall strength.
After You Watch
1. Human beings have explored less than 5% of the world's oceans. Why do you think we have explored so little of the oceans so far
2. What do you think is the difference between Zheng He's voyage 600 years ago and China 's sea exploration today
Probably because we have lacked the technology to do much research of the deep ocean.
Zheng He 's mission was to develop relations with other countries. China's sea exploration today has a very different purpose: to explore and research the deep ocean which no humans have visited before.
What is your suggestion on how to improve your poster (共31张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 1
Reading and Thinking(I)
1.熟悉并掌握文中的重点词汇、短语与句型；
2.通过阅读，了解中国经由海洋探索进行对外贸易的悠久历史，体会“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的意义，理解语篇结构和叙述手法；
新 课 导 入
What sea animals and plants do you know
What words would you use to describe the sea
sea star
sea anemone
dolphin
whale
coral
sea lion
shark
seaweed
课 堂 学 习
Pre-reading
Do you know any stories about sea voyages Share your story with a partner.
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer whose journeys kicked off centuries of exploration and exploitation on the American continents.
1
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific.
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His travels are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo, a book that described to Europeans the then mysterious culture and inner workings of the Eastern world.
Zheng He was a Chinese admiral and explorer who led several voyages around the Indian Ocean. The first voyage started in Yongle three years (1405), and the last voyage ended in Xuande eight years (1433), totaling seven times. Zheng He's voyage to the west is the largest and longest sailing voyage in China in ancient times.
Skimming
Look at the title and skim the text. Decide what type of essay it is.
What are the four major types of essay do you know
There are four major types of essay:
narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative.
A narrative essay is a story with a beginning, middle, and end.
A descriptive essay describes a subject and lists interesting details.
An expository essay is factual, giving information on a subject.
An argumentative essay aims to convince the reader.
It is an expository essay.
2
Read the text again. Write down the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph Main idea
1
2
3
4
5
6
Travel from east to west began long before Columbus.
In ancient times, travel east to west was on the Silk Road.
Zheng He’s sea voyages built relations with other countries.
The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China and the rest of the world (Today, the Belt and Road Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off.)
China is also joining with other countries on other important projects.
China will continue to explore the sea and enhance relationships with other countries.
3
How is the passage developed
Time
Region
Event
in ancient times
in the 8th century
in Ming Dynasty
today
in the future
Time sequence.
Result/
Purpose
Scan the text and fill in the table with the correct names.
Name Description
The name of the trade route between China and the West
Its kings sent gifts such as giraffes to China
An area currently being explored for scientific reasons
A destination of silk and a major European capital
the Silk Road
African royal families
the Arctic
Rome
Scanning
Name Description
The modern country name for Ceylon
The historical period when China expanded maritime exploration to other regions
The author of Record of My Travels
The commander of the seven fleets
The person who wrote stories that inspired European explorers
Sri Lanka
the Ming Dynasty
Du Huan
Zheng He
Marco Polo
Make notes under two columns: Facts and Opinions.
Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why
What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative
Facts （事实）
Facts are statements that can be proven. Facts may be true or false.
事实是可以被证明或验证真伪的。韦伯斯特的词典对“fact”的定义是“anything that is done or happens; anything actually existent; any statement strictly true; truth; reality”
Opinions （观点）
Opinions are statements that cannot be proven.
Opinions can be argued. Opinions may be supported with facts.
观点是作者想要表达的思想或情感，它无法被证明是真实的还是虚假的，但可以获得一定的支持。作者在表达观点时，常常使用“I believe，generally，it is thought，it seems to，in my opinion”等或运用描述性的词语，如pretty，funny等以及表示比较的词语，如best，worst等。作者的观点可能是正确的，但也可能是错误的。
学会识别观点与事实，可以帮助我们在阅读时进行批判性的思考，使我们不会轻易地被读物的内容所误导。在写作时，恰当地运用事实和观点，还能使我们的文章更具有说服力。
Question Fact Opinion
1. Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why
2. What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
European explores, China, India, Ceylon, African royal families;
for trade
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries;
Generally speaking, the result was positive, as it advanced the spread of knowledge, technology, and goods, and made the world a smaller place.
Question Fact Opinion
3. What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
4. What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries;
Generally speaking, the result was positive, as it advanced the spread of knowledge, technology, and goods, and made the world a smaller place.
Are there questions discussed on the same aspect
When you think about one historical or contemporary event, which aspects should you consider to gain a full understanding
Question Fact Opinion
What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historical Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world
It will lead to greater integration with China and other countries.
人教 选择性必修第四册
Unit 3
Period 1
Build up your vocabulary(Ⅱ)
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
Language points
1. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon(now Sri Lanka). 一条跨越海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸到以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心的沿海地区。
extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
※extension n.延长；扩大
※extend ...to... 提供；给予
extend to 延长到
extend by 延长了
2. Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. 在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起洽谈贸易协议，这也促进了对彼此文化的更多了解。
negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商
※negotiation n.谈判；磋商；协商
enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb. 和某人开始/展开/进行谈判
under negotiation 在商讨中
in negotiation with 和……协商中
※negotiate with sb. for/about sth. ＝negotiate sth. with sb. 与某人商议/谈判某事
(1) Why don ’t you negotiate directly him and solve this issue once and for all
with
3. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.虽然中国在1433年以后就退出了进一步的探险活动，但几个世纪以来，这些陆上和海上的路线一直是其他文化之间的活跃通道。
withdraw vi.&vt.(withdrew，withdrawn) (使)撤回；撤离，使退出；提取；收回
withdrawal n.收回；退出；戒毒过程
withdraw from 从……退出；撤回
(1)I want to a statement I made earlier in order not to be misunderstood. 为了避免被误解，我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。
(2)In order not to be disturbed he wanted to _____ the guest list. 为了不被打扰，他想从客人名单中撤回自己的名字。
withdraw
withdraw his name from
4. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did. 然而，在哥伦布首次出海之前的很多年，来自东方的商人和探险家就从东向西扬帆远航。
set sail 起航；开航
set sail for/to 开船；动身前往……
set sail from 从……启航
set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发
set out to do sth. 出发；开始做某事
set about doing sth. 着手做某事
set up 建立；竖立
set down 写下；放下；记下
5. Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。
in hand 在手头；可供使用；在处理中；在控制中
at hand 近在手边，在附近
at first hand 第一手；亲自
by hand 用手工
hand in hand 手挽手
(1)I don’t have my photograph album __ hand，but I’ll show it to you later.
我的相册不在手边，不过以后我会给你看的。
at
6. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilizations. 完成这幅伟大的世界地图对早期文明的人们来说是一种强烈的激情。
不定式(短语)作主语，通常位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。但是为了保持句子结构的协调性，不定式作主语大部分情况下都是用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)置于句末。
(1)To be angry with a weak man (be) a proof that you are not very strong yourself.
对弱者发脾气证明你自己并不很强。
(2)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long would take . 在去那所房子的路上雨下得如此大，以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里。
is
it
to get there
7. In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代，来自中国的丝绸沿着后来被称为“丝绸之路”的路线，经由陆路传到印度、中东和罗马。
what引导的宾语从句放在介词或动词之后，从句中使用陈述语序。what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的”。
※表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于the thing that...；all that...；everything that...。
※表示“……的时间”，相当于the time that...
※表示“……的人”，相当于the person that...
※表示“……的地方”，相当于the place that...
※表示“……的数目”，相当于the amount/number that...
1
Write down the word that matches each definition. Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.
1. _________ an imaginary story or an exciting description of an event
2. _________ related to the king or queen of a country
3. _________ to reach an agreement by discussion
4. _________ to stop taking part in an activity
5. _________ to make something longer or larger
6. _________ a connection between people
7. _________ a level of quality, ability, etc.
8. _________ a deep passage of water used as a route for ships
tale
royal
negotiate
withdraw
extend
bond
league
channel
Choose the appropriate words from above to complete the following sentences.
1. Their common experience created a strong _________ between them.
2. As a major figure in British politics, Churchill was in a _________ of his own.
3. The deadline has been _________ by two days.
4. I'm reading a book about folk _________ and ancient legends.
bond
league
extended
tales
2
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.
a sight to behold in hand withdraw from in return
1. Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything ____________.
2. Last summer we visited an island in the Indian Ocean, whose rocky coastline and long golden beaches were _________________.
3. The tennis player _______________ several tournaments due to injury.
4. With lots of food and drink ____________, they set off for their picnic.
in return
a sight to behold
withdrew from
in hand
3
Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.
find one's way boredom reach out across the sea
set sail form the foundation tale motivate
In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese adventurer, made the first voyage around the world. On 14 June 2007, nearly 500 years later, a16-year-old American boy, Zac Sunderland, ________ on a similiar journey. After 13 months, he returned with new world: the youngest person ever to sail around the world.
Zac grew up on a boat and learnt how to sail when he was four, which ____________________ of his success. As a child, Zac read a book about Robin Lee Graham who had sailed around the world alone as a teenager in 1965.
set sail
formed the foundation
Zac was greatly inspired by Graham's _____. After his 16th birthday, Zac started making plans for his journey. Using his own money, Zac bought a boat and set off.
______________________ is often a mixture of danger and __________. Zac had to ____________ through heavy storms and get by on little sleep on his journey. It was boring to stay on a boat all day, so Zac read lots of books！He also emailed his family using his laptop, telling them about his experiences around the world.
When the journey ended, Zac's adventure received widespread media coverage. At his press conference, he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true. In his opinion, there 's so much that people can achieve with the right ___________ and ambition. Just go for it!
tale
Reaching out across the sea
boredom
find his way
motivation
Could you talk about the history of sea exploration in China (共20张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 2
Review Useful Structures
1.复习动词不定式的用法；
2.在真实的情境下灵活运用动词不定式。
新 课 导 入
1. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
2. They are said to be studying psychology.
3. To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.
4. We think it our duty to protect the environment.
Do you remember what are the following bold words
They are infinitives.
Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.
1. As the subject (S) 主语
2. As the predicative (P) 表语
3. As the object (O) 宾语
4. As the object complement (OC) 宾补
5. As the attributive (Attr) 定语
6. As the adverbial (Ad) 状语
1
课 堂 学 习
To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion
for ...
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
Here, merchants from China and many other places met
to negotiate trade deals ...
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and ...
(S)
(OC)
(Ad)
(S)
(P)
Trading has grown greatly ..., and will continue to do so in years to come.
... which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
... there are still many other places left to explore.
... China has joined other nations on several expeditions
to explore the Arctic.
... there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order
to understand climate change and its effects.
... the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
(O; Attr)
(O)
(Attr)
(Attr)
(Attr; Ad)
(Attr; Attr; OC)
不定式的构成与形式
动词不定式 主动 被动 用法
一般式 to do to be done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作
进行式 to be doing / 表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成进行式 to have been doing / 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作
不定式的用法
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。
e.g. To say is one thing; to do is another.
He wants to know his mother’s secret.
My dream is to write a book about my life.
The professor asked her assistant to make a detailed plan.
The best place to visit in May is my hometown.
I returned home only to find she had left.
主语
宾语
表语
宾补
定语
状语
不定式作主语和宾语
当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
e.g. It was wise of you to refuse his invitation.
常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, wish
有些动词既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义有所区别。这类动词有remember, forget, regret, try, mean等。
remember/forget/regret to do
remember/forget/regret doing
try to do
try doing
mean to do
mean doing
e.g. I’m sorry to have done that. I didn’t mean to be so rude.
That doesn’t mean reading it too slowly.
记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事
记得/忘记/懊悔做过某事
设法做某事
试着做某事
打算、意欲做某事
意味着……
不同意义和用法
need / want(想要) to do sth.
need / want(需要) / require(需要) + doing
=need / want(需要) / require(需要) + to be done
(v.-ing主动形式表被动意义)
这三个词need, want, require既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义和用法不同。
e.g. The flowers want/need/require watering once a week.
The flowers want/need to be watered once a week.
被only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
e.g. Rita was the only person to complain.
He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.
Tom is the best man to do the job.
有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等。
e.g. After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread.
不定式作定语
不定式作状语
不定式作状语，常表示目的、原因、结果等。
e.g. They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten.
To catch the bus, I got up at six this morning．
I jumped with joy to hear it.
不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only +不定式”结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。
e.g. A friend of mine came to see me tonight.
Alan lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
感官动词和使役动词后常接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式to不能省略。
e.g. Someone saw Mary enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
Mary was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
不定式作宾语补足语
2
Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
Example
It is fun/visit an aquarium / in summer.
It is fun to visit an aquarium in summer. (S)
1. He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition.
2. The storm/seems/be getting closer.
3. Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world.
He encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)
The storm seems to be getting closer. (P)
Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)
4. The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts.
5. The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research work.
6. It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less.
7. The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater.
8. It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work.
The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts. (O)
The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)
It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S)
The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O)
It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work. (O)
Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.
3
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep _____________ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _________ (see) the most unique flowers and plants __________ (dance) in the fast-moving water. In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _________ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _____________ (be) born into the royal family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest.
to measure
to see
dancing
formed
to have been
Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The most common way for the princesses ________ (play) all day long is ___________________ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish ___________ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem_____________(not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who …
to play
swimming / to swim
swimming
not to worry
What do you think happens next
Suggested answer:
... who wants to see what life is like on land. She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship. It travels toward her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship. She now realises that it is a scary world outside of the ocean, and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.
Summarize the usage of infinitives.
