UNIT 1 Period One
基础练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Customs officials have made a series of __________(相互矛盾的) statements about the equipment.
2．However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had__________(处理) the call.
3．She had no reason to __________(怀疑) that Sylvia had not told the truth.
4．The boy died of __________(数量多的) injuries, and everyone here felt sad for him.
5．We import __________(生的；未加工的) materials and energy and export mainly industrial products.
6．The media put their every decision under the __________(显微镜).
7．Many poor __________(家庭) are experiencing real hardship.
8．Population growth is __________(减少) by 1．4% each year.
9．In remote regions, the air is ____________(纯的；干净的) and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides.
10．Official __________(数据) show real wages declining by 24%.
【答案】1．contradictory 2．handled 3．suspect 4．multiple 5．raw
6．microscope 7．households 8．decreasing 9．pure 10．statistics
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Cheer up! You needn’t feel ________(frustrate) at your failure in the exam.
2．Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign__________ (intervene).
3．These are just some ________(proof) that we could do for the program.
4．These events ________(severe) affect our environment as well as human health.
5．Carbon emissions from human activities are partly to blame________ our warming planet.
6．Officials say that few citizens are infected________the virus owing to effective prevention now.
【答案】1．frustrated 2．intervention 3．proofs
4．severely 5．for 6．with
提升练
阅读理解
(2022·全国高考乙卷)Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and，at the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected，the more railway safety，reliability and on－time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher－value services for railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks，drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co－pilot. With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time.
( )1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
( )2．What does the underlined word “maintenance” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
( )3．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
( )4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
1．A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. ”可知，使用无人机检查高压电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
2．C 词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. ”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (检查和维修铁路基础设施)”，由此可知，“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. ”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
3．B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Engineers are now working on a new concept：the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously. ”可知，铁路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选B。
4．D 标题推测题。文章主题段第一段以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机会大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值。由此可知，文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。UNIT 1 Period Two
基础练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．She explained the ________(想法) behind the campaign.
2．Too much ________(蛋白质) in the diet may advance the ageing process.
3．He escaped by sawing through the bars of his ________(单间牢房).
4．So far they have not found a way to fight the ________(病毒).
5．One of the main ________(发现) of the survey is that this chemical does harm to people’s health.
6．My ________(最初的)reaction was to decline the offer.
7．Researchers around the world are working together to develop a new ________(疫苗).
8．The construction of this ________(框架) took only a few minutes.
9．He believes only ________(理论的) science can create miracles.
10．The snow had melted，but the lake was still frozen ________(坚实的).
【答案】1．thinking 2．protein 3．cell 4．virus 5．findings
6．initial 7．vaccine 8．framework 9．theoretical 10．solid
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s get ____________ to some serious work.
2．Peter Bullock was not only an exciting teacher, ____________ also the man who founded the debate club in my school.
3．The truth is ____________ we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world.
4．As we all know, travelling is beneficial to both our mind ____________ our health.
5．We have to learn ____________(advance)technology from other countries.
【答案】1．down 2．but 3．that 4．and 5．advanced
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．_____________________ take part in more outdoor activities.
我们有必要参加更多的户外活动。
2．The story is ____________________ I want to read it again.
这个故事很有趣，我想再读一遍。
3．Because of the serious traffic accident, he ____________________.
由于这次严重的交通事故，他的腿断了。
4．One thing to remember is that __________ __________ the process __________ the end product __________ matters.
需要记住的一点是，重要的是过程，而不是最终产品。
5．What they found was ____________________ performed better than those who weren’t.
他们发现，穿白大褂的人比不穿白大褂的人表现得更好。
【答案】1．It is necessary for us to
2．so interesting that
3．had his legs broken 4．it is; not; that
5．that people wearing white coats
提升练
阅读理解
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for Science, one of the highest honours in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognised for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石) in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth. She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska travelled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Noble Prize in 1911, this time for Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.
( )1．The author believes that women scientists________.
A．have more opportunities to become successful
B．can not get the highest honours in the world
C．go through difficulties to be successful
D．had better pay more attention to their families
( )2．Mary Anning was one of the first women to ________.
A．win the Noble Prize for Science after getting married
B．make achievements in the study of ancient earth
C．research animals and their bones
D．study the mystery of all kinds of plants
( )3．What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska
A．She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.
B．She received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 on her own.
C．She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.
D．She made many discoveries after she got married.
( )4．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Ancient discoveries. B．Women scientists.
C．Successful marriages. D．Different prizes.
【语篇导读】自古以来就有女性不断在科学领域做出巨大贡献，还获得了诺贝尔奖，让我们了解一下其中一些有成就的女性吧。
1．C 细节理解题。由第一段的“It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. ”可知。
2．B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“…for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. ”可知。
3．D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. ”可知。
4．B 主旨大意题。由第一段可知，作者主要讲述成功女科学家的故事，在后文中的例子也有体现。UNIT 1 Period Three
基础练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．My job is somewhere between a secretary and a personal________(助手).
2．She could________(追踪) her family tree back to the 16th century.
3．Stephen Hawking was known as an________(杰出的) physicist.
4．This debate is becoming too ________ (抽象的). Let’s have some hard facts.
5．It was a difficult________(概念) to grasp, but I soon understood it.
6．Strong __________(领导才能) is needed to captain(担任……的队长) this team.
7．All the teachers are satisfied with your __________(绝妙的) performance in the speech contest.
8．According to the report，the moon is turning red，and it’s likely Earth’s __________(过错).
【答案】1．assistant 2．trace 3．outstanding 4．abstract
5．concept 6．leadership 7．brilliant 8．fault
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Early________(astronomer) thought that our planet was the center of the universe.
2．It’s said that the team’s weak points are in________(defend).
3．This is the oldest working________(mechanic) clock in the world.
4．His fear of dogs ____________(trace) back to a childhood experience.
5．His plans were too abstract ____________(be) put into operation.
6．Relax as much as possible and keep breathing ____________(steady).
7．When the father’s business failed, the family came ____________.
8．The characters in the book are ____________(vivid) presented.
9．He has many ____________(fault), but cruelty is not one of them.
10．Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ____________(appoint) to guard her.
【答案】1．astronomers 2．defence 3．mechanical 4．traces 5．to be
6．steadily 7．down 8．vividly 9．faults 10．appointed
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．He won’t go to the party _____________________.
除非受到邀请，否则他不会去参加那个晚会的。
2．They are ______________________a whole cheesecake.
它们永远比不上一整块奶油蛋糕。
3．______________________. Put the bowl in the fridge to make the yoghurt cold.
倒进一个碗里，把碗放入冰箱内，使酸奶变凉。
4．Caroline doesn’t ______________________，but she makes up for it with hard work.
卡罗琳没有音乐天赋，但她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。
5．The teacher，who has taught for over 30 years，is ________.
那位已经教了三十多年书的老师，在负责学校工作。
【答案】1．unless invited 2．never better than
3．Pour into a bowl 4．have a gift for music
5．in charge of the school work
提升练
Ⅰ．七选五
How to Succeed in Science
(2023·辽宁师大附中高二上学期月考)
To succeed in science，you need a lot more than luck. In my view，you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your forward path. Thus，these have come to be my rules for success.
__1__
That might sound proud，but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child，I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win，it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life，the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult. __2__
Take risks.
To make a huge success，a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science，you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition. __3__This can be more than personally upsetting.
Never do anything that bores you.
My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things，and then leaves you alone. I’m not good enough to do well in something I dislike. __4__
It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists，because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors，even if you find them objectionable.
So my final rule is：__5__
A．Meet challenges with great courage.
B．If you can’t stand being with your real peers, get out of science.
C．Put another way，it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top.
D．Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess.
E．Avoid foolish people.
F．In fact，I find it hard to do well in something I like.
G．Besides，you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。
1．E 根据设空处后的内容可知，作者认为只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西，所以建议避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选E。
2．C 根据设空处前一句可知，作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中，最高的目标不仅仅是获胜，而是在一些非常困难的事情上获胜。换句话说，要通过克服困难来超越自我，使自己名列前茅。选项C是对前一句的进一步解释。故选C。
3．G 根据设空处前的内容可知，作者认为如果想取得很大的成功，科学家必须准备好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃，你很可能没有资格获得成功。此外，甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄，也就是要勇于怀疑权威。选项G符合语境。故选G。
4．F 根据设空处前一句中的“do well in something I dislike”可知，在科学研究中，对于自己不喜欢的事情做不好，但对于自己喜欢的事情也不一定能做好。故选F。
5．B 根据上一段的内容可知，作者建议要和其他科学家交流，从而发现自己忽略的关键事实，甚至要和你的竞争对手交流，即使你觉得他们令人反感。也就是说，如果你无法忍受与你真正地位相当的人一起工作，你就不要进行科学研究了。故选B。
Ⅱ．应用文写作
假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom近日写信给你，想了解中国高中生的体育锻炼情况。请给Tom写一封回信。
内容包括：
1．中国高中生参加体育运动的现状；
2．分析该现状产生的原因；
3．你自己的感想。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Tom，
Glad to receive your letter. And I’m writing to tell you something about Chinese high school students’ physical exercise.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Tom，
Glad to receive your letter. And I’m writing to tell you something about Chinese high school students’ physical exercise.
With the increasing pressure from the national college entrance exam, more and more students have to sacrifice the time for sports to prepare for the exam, which is so important for their future development. They only have one P. E．class a week, obviously not enough. Actually, most of the students are eager to take part in sports, but they are so occupied with their study.
In my view, although it is important for them to have a better performance in the exam, health is equally important. Without a strong body, we would achieve nothing in our life. I hope all students can reorganise their timetable and try to build up their bodies.
Yours，
Li Hua UNIT 1 Period Four
基础练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．People of my generation who lived through World War Ⅱ have __________(生动的) memories of confusion and incompetence.
2．The teacher concluded from the evidence that Amy was wrong. And his __________(结论) proved to be right.
3．We’ll __________(倒出) about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass.
4．The police don’t know who committed the crime, but they __________(怀疑) Johns.
5．We can __________(改变) the world with our knowledge.
6．The group flourished under her firm ________(领导).
7．If you experience engine trouble，you take your car to a __________(机械师).
8．Some people say beauty itself is ________(抽象的). Do you agree
9．This __________(概念) is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings.
10．A birdwatcher，armed with a __________(望远镜)，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.
【答案】1．vivid 2．conclusion 3．pour 4．suspect 5．transform
6．leadership 7．mechanic 8．abstract 9．concept 10．telescope
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．All the people，men and women，young and old，were fighting against the flood in ________(defend).
2．Even if you are a ________(gift) man，you should not take your gift for granted.
3．One of the ________(astronomer) was looking at the moon through his telescope when he got a big surprise.
4．Her eyes were shining ________(brilliant)，but soon her face lost its colour.
5．He told stories so ________(vivid) that all the people there were listening attentively.
【答案】1．defence 2．gifted 3．astronomers 4．brilliantly 5．vividly
Ⅲ．短语填空
make any sense; look into; draw a conclusion; be linked to; apart from
1．He is easy to get along with. ____________________ that, he is a determined boy.
2．The television camera ____________________ a computer.
3．From what is said above, we can _____________________ that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.
4．It does not ____________________ to buy that expensive coat when these are cheaper.
5．We’ll ____________________ the matter first before coming to a decision.
【答案】1．Apart from 2．was/is linked to
3．draw a conclusion 4．make any sense 5．look into
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．____________________, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.
当被问到她是来自哪里时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。
2．The Great Wall was built to _____________________ foreign invaders.
长城用来保护国家不受外国侵略者的侵略。
3．This is _____________________ in the future.
这就是我们在未来的生活中的样子。
【答案】1．When asked where she was from
2．defend the country against
3．what our life will be like
提升练
完形填空
(2023·河北邢台高二上学期第一次月考)
Almost all scientists failed many times before they finally succeeded. In their scientific work，they were all strict with themselves. When they first__1__their ideas，they were always rejected. __2__, they did not give up. It was their perseverance that made them successful.
A(n)__3__ theory is the result of the scientific method. Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see. First they carefully observe what they are__4__in. To explain what they have seen，they build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and effects. Then they were__5__ in their work. Finally, the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can__6__ future events.
In fact，every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we already knew. Great thinkers or scientists are aware of this and try to__7__new and old ideas in __8__many different ways as possible. Some of the greatest scientists forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they tired or did not feel__9__. They all knew that for each new idea that works，there are __10__ ten that do not.
If we want to develop our__11__，we can try using some of the thinking strategies(策略) of the great and famous. We may not be interested in becoming __12__，but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our__13__. Who knows，perhaps your next thought will be a new idea that changes the world？So we should be well prepared to meet __14__ in new life now and try our best to make great__15__ to our future society.
( )1．A．put up B．put on
C．put aside D．put forward
( )2．A．So B．Therefore
C．However D．But
( )3．A．scientific B．certain
C．sure D．expert
( )4．A．curious B．interested
C．cautious D．characteristic
( )5．A．absorbed B．devoted
C．focused D．centered
( )6．A．see B．watch
C．notice D．foresee
( )7．A．construct B．expose
C．analyse D．combine
( )8．A．as B．than
C．so D．such
( )9．A．puzzled B．inspired
C．bored D．confused
( )10．A．at most B．at last
C．at least D．in the least
( )11．A．creativity B．conclusion
C．enquiry D．chart
( )12．A．artists B．scientists
C．professors D．teachers
( )13．A．life B．level
C．universe D．sense
( )14．A．conflicts B．challenges
C．clues D．announcements
( )15．A．contributions B．efforts
C．arrangements D．preparations
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了科学家的每一个促进社会发展的新思想和新理论都是经过严格的实践验证和无数次失败形成的。
1．D 句意：当科学家最初提出他们的思想时，总是受到排斥。put up“举起，张贴，安排住宿”；put aside“忽视，把……放在一边”；put on“穿上，上演”；put forward“提出”。根据句意选D。
2．C 根据语境可知，此处表示转折，且有逗号隔开，所以用however。
3．A 由下文“scientific method”可知，此处是“scientific theory”，意为“科学理论是科学方法研究的结果”。
4．B be curious about…“对……感到好奇”；be interested in…“对……感兴趣”；be cautious of…“小心谨慎……”；be characteristic of…“表现了……特征”。根据后面的介词in可知选B。
5．A 句意：然后他们专注于他们的工作。 be absorbed in“专心致志于，集中精力于”。B项与to搭配；C和D项与on搭配。
6．D 根据下文的future可知，此处是预见未来事件。foresee“预见；预测”。
7．D 根据上文“every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we already knew”可知，“每一种新想法与我们所了解的有联系”，所以我们要把新旧思想结合起来。combine…and…“使结合(联合)”。
8．A as many as possible意为“尽可能多地”。
9．B 由上文“when they tired”以及or后面的“did not feel”可知，空格处是一个与tired相反意义的词。inspired “有灵感的”。
10．C 句意：科学家都知道，伴随着每一种正确的新思想，至少有十种想法是不正确的。根据句意选C。
11．A 句意：如果我们也想发展我们的创造力，应该尝试使用一些伟人或名人的思想策略。根据句意选A。
12．B 根据上文讲述的内容可知此处是成为科学家。
13．A 句意：我们或许不想成为科学家，但是我们可能会想办法改善我们的生活。所以答案选A。
14．B conflict“冲突”；challenge“挑战”；clue“线索”；announcement“宣告，宣布”。此处表示迎接新生活的挑战。
15．A make contribution to…“对……做贡献”；make effort to do…“努力做……”；make arrangement for…“为……做安排”；make preparation for…“为……做准备”。句意：尽最大努力为未来社会做贡献，根据句意选A。
