人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culturee单元测试（含解析）
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UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分)
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
(2023·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5?hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijks Museum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p. m. every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
( )1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
( )2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．15.75． B．19.50．
C．22.75． D．29.50．
( )3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
B
When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships.
Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 18－month－old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand—a library is more than books; it’s a community.
Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first e－mail address in 1997．At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled(咯咯地笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library offered me my first teaching job.
I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them.
( )4．Why does the author consider herself lucky today
A．She lives close to libraries.
B．She has access to a reliable car now.
C．She can meet friends at the library.
D．She has become her mother’s best friend.
( )5．What did the author do at the library according to the passage
A．She told stories to her mother. B．She learned how to go online.
C．She got her current teaching job. D．She initially read Judy Blume novels.
( )6．What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries
A．Cautious. B．Favourable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
( )7．Why does the author write the text
A．To express how libraries change.
B．To introduce her favourite libraries.
C．To express her deep love for libraries.
D．To discuss why libraries are important.
C
(2023·湖北武汉高二检测)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level，we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families，holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go，and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However，the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available，so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally，immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them，but to people from different countries. Therefore，they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage(遗产)through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
( )8．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article
A．To help motivate homesickness. B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country’s history. D．To show a community’s superiority.
( )9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The specific traditional food. B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food. D．The old－fashioned taste.
( )10．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
( )11．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
D
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds，from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground－breaking，five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f” and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran，a member of the research team.
( )12．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
( )13．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
( )14．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
( )15．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
Be at Your Best!
What does your brain need to work well Here are some things it needs.
Good food
Experts say that breakfast is much more important than any other meal. __16__. So don’t miss breakfast—especially before an exam! But you need to eat a good breakfast—junk food won’t work.
A regular supply of energy
Your brain needs a regular supply of energy, so you need to eat carbohydrates. They’re found in bread, rice, pasta and beans. __17__. They work more quickly than bread and rice, so they give you a short burst of energy, but afterwards you feel more tired.
A continuous supply of oxygen
Your brain needs oxygen, which it gets from exercise. __18__. You also need a good supply of iron because iron helps your blood to carry oxygen round your body.
Water
__19__. Not getting enough water will stop your brain from working well. And remember, water isn’t as expensive as sweet drinks!
__20__
Your brain needs several hours’ sleep, so it can “update” itself, just like a computer. Experts say that when you study for a test or an exam, you should get some sleep as quickly as possible after you’ve finished studying. This helps you to remember what you’ve learnt.
A．A short break
B．A good night’s sleep
C．It works best in the morning
D．Exercise improves your memory, too
E．Water is much better than sweet drinks
F．Your brain works better when you have eaten
G．Chocolate, biscuits and sweets are not good for your brain
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I keep a pocket knife in my handbag and it comes in handy for all sorts of things. I have __21__ carried it with me since I discovered it on a boat we bought and __22__ for about twenty years. It has been through many adventures with us.
I recently __23__ an interesting flight and was pulled up at the departure gate. When my bag went through the x－ray machine, my __24__ was discovered. I had forgotten it was there and as I rarely __25__, it hadn’t crossed my mind that it would be discovered and confiscated(没收). We had gone through the gate and it was the time for us to __26__ the plane so there wasn’t time for me to go __27__ and post it to myself.
The security lady at the gate saw that I was __28__ at losing one of my treasure possessions. They usually just threw away things that got confiscated. But she __29__ to post it to me if I wrote down the __30__ and gave her the postage money. I was so grateful that I tried to __31__ her and she asked me to stop as they weren’t supposed to do this and she would get into trouble if anyone found out.
The next day in the post I received a little package with my pocket knife and the __32__ from the $10 note I had given her, even though I had __33__ her to keep the rest for her __34__. It was so nice to be the recipient(接受者) of a kind deed like that.
Now I often do __35__ little things for others and have started using smile cards. Hopefully the world is becoming a kinder place bit by bit.
( )21．A．never B．always
C．hardly D．seldom
( )22．A．stayed in B．kept up
C．looked around D．lived on
( )23．A．invited B．hired
C．took D．brought
( )24．A．knife B．money
C．secret D．plan
( )25．A．walked B．spoke
C．thought D．flew
( )26．A．order B．follow
C．board D．find
( )27．A．ahead B．back
C．down D．up
( )28．A．anxious B．nervous
C．angry D．happy
( )29．A．refused B．offered
C．agreed D．pretended
( )30．A．number B．promise
C．time D．address
( )31．A．persuade B．satisfy
C．thank D．comfort
( )32．A．reward B．change
C．cost D．expense
( )33．A．urged B．encouraged
C．begged D．force
( )34．A．bravery B．support
C．kindness D．cleverness
( )35．A．difficult B．interesting
C．important D．some
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
(2023广东佛山高二检测)Food production is the course of changing raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries 36．________ take raw food products and change them into items that can be sold in the market. Home food production includes 37．________(change) into forms for long－term storage.
The food production industry takes fruits，vegetables and grains directly in their harvested farms and 38．________(make) these food into the types of food products that are available for sale in supermarkets. Food production includes both simple processes，such as cleaning and packaging, 39．________ complex processes like adding different ingredients and artificial things. Food production processes create products with 40．________(long)shelf lives than raw food ingredients.
Some food production skills, like smoking and salting meats for long－term storage, go back 41．______prehistoric times. In the 19th century，canning 42．________(become) a popular method food production. Home cooks sometimes use traditional food production skills 43．________ (produce) food for their families.
Food production skills make food products have long shelf lives，but they also have disadvantages. During high－temperature processing，for example，raw foods lose nutrients. Food production industries also add artificial colours to make food 44．________(attract). Although governments test all these artificial things，many people question 45．________ it is totally safe to use them too much in food.
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom看到你在微信上分享了学校最近举行的主题为“建造绿色家园”的植树活动，发邮件向你询问有关情况。请你用英语回复邮件。
内容包括：
1．活动情况简介；
2．活动的意义。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
When my little brother Tom was four，Mom said something like, “I’d give anything to have a few more hours in the day. ” And Tom said, “Why don’t we buy a bigger clock？” If time worked that way, I could have used an extra－big clock last week!
Our teacher had asked us to make an art project showing how plants eat. “I can’t believe we only have two nights to finish it，” Noah said with a sigh. “I have no idea how I’ll get mine done. ”
I didn’t say anything. Not because I was nervous—I wasn’t nervous at all. I love art projects! In fact，I was so relaxed that I didn’t work on the project at all on Monday night. I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday. But there was just one thing.
I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies，which happens every month, and it’s a chance for us older students to practise baseball with the adorable younger kids. The second I got home，I threw the entire craft box(手工盒) onto the kitchen table，took out my “How Plants Eat” paper，and started to work. But just then，the telephone rang.
It was my friend Ollie，who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I’d come to help decorate them. I love decorating cookies，and I love，love，love Abuela’s world－famous Thanksgiving cookies that only happen once a year!
I had no choice. I had to go. Ollie and I put all the star cookies with red jam filling in one group，and all the snowflakes with white cream－cheese filling in another. It was 7 o’clock when I finally got home. I planned to work on my project right after we ate. But then another interruption hit me.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Just as I was about to start, Dad said, “Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. My life seems like a mess these days，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule. My energy was segmented and occupied by some trivial matters which had nothing to do with my project. Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. After this experience，I eventually comprehended the importance of time，and began to arrange my schedule with caution. With confidence，I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper, I started to reflect on what I had done these days.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE （含解析）
(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分)
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
(2023·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5?hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijks Museum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p. m. every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
( )1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
( )2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．15.75． B．19.50．
C．22.75． D．29.50．
( )3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式、价格等细节。
1．B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车). ”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
2．C 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。故选C。
3．D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p. m. every day (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始). ”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
B
When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships.
Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 18－month－old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand—a library is more than books; it’s a community.
Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first e－mail address in 1997．At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled(咯咯地笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library offered me my first teaching job.
I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them.
( )4．Why does the author consider herself lucky today
A．She lives close to libraries.
B．She has access to a reliable car now.
C．She can meet friends at the library.
D．She has become her mother’s best friend.
( )5．What did the author do at the library according to the passage
A．She told stories to her mother. B．She learned how to go online.
C．She got her current teaching job. D．She initially read Judy Blume novels.
( )6．What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries
A．Cautious. B．Favourable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
( )7．Why does the author write the text
A．To express how libraries change.
B．To introduce her favourite libraries.
C．To express her deep love for libraries.
D．To discuss why libraries are important.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在文中讲述了自己从小到大与图书馆的深厚情缘。
4．A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. ”和第二段中的“Today, I am fortunate to live… Sea Cliff Children’s Library. ”可知，作者如今觉得自己很幸运，因为她现在住得离图书馆很近。
5．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. ”可知，作者在那里初次接触和了解朱迪·布鲁姆的小说。
6．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者的学生经常用智能手机虚拟式获取图书馆资源，作者认为虽然他们不能实地拜访图书馆，但是这种方式也是不错的。
7．C 写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了自己从小到大与图书馆的紧密联系，字里行间饱含着对图书馆深深的爱。
C
(2023·湖北武汉高二检测)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level，we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families，holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go，and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However，the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available，so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally，immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them，but to people from different countries. Therefore，they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage(遗产)through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
( )8．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article
A．To help motivate homesickness. B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country’s history. D．To show a community’s superiority.
( )9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The specific traditional food. B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food. D．The old－fashioned taste.
( )10．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
( )11．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者从食物与文化的关系的角度表达了自己的看法。作者认为传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，它也是一种文化身份的表达，食物是了解文化的窗口。
8．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It also operates…homesickness. ”可知，文中提到食物是一种文化身份的表达，故选B。
9．A 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. ”可知，此句中的it指代“传统食物”。句意：在很大程度上，传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，是文化认同的一种表达方式。移民们无论走到哪里都带着它，它是他们的文化自豪感的象征，也是应对思乡之情的手段。故选A。
10．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Additionally，…customers. ”可知，一些移民不得不改变他们餐馆原有的菜肴是为了迎合不同的顾客。故选C。
11．B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“We should…trying their food. ”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的文化遗产，但也应该通过品尝其他文化的食物来了解其他文化。因此，作者对待不同的饮食文化的态度是均衡的。故选B。
D
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds，from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground－breaking，five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f” and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran，a member of the research team.
( )12．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
( )13．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
( )14．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
( )15．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
【语篇导读】本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
12．D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as ’f’ and ’v’，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose. ”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
13．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later，our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构)，making it easier to produce such sounds. ”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
14．A 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of ’f’ and ’v’increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today. ”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
15．C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“’The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，’ said Steven Moran，a member of the research team. ”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
Be at Your Best!
What does your brain need to work well Here are some things it needs.
Good food
Experts say that breakfast is much more important than any other meal. __16__. So don’t miss breakfast—especially before an exam! But you need to eat a good breakfast—junk food won’t work.
A regular supply of energy
Your brain needs a regular supply of energy, so you need to eat carbohydrates. They’re found in bread, rice, pasta and beans. __17__. They work more quickly than bread and rice, so they give you a short burst of energy, but afterwards you feel more tired.
A continuous supply of oxygen
Your brain needs oxygen, which it gets from exercise. __18__. You also need a good supply of iron because iron helps your blood to carry oxygen round your body.
Water
__19__. Not getting enough water will stop your brain from working well. And remember, water isn’t as expensive as sweet drinks!
__20__
Your brain needs several hours’ sleep, so it can “update” itself, just like a computer. Experts say that when you study for a test or an exam, you should get some sleep as quickly as possible after you’ve finished studying. This helps you to remember what you’ve learnt.
A．A short break
B．A good night’s sleep
C．It works best in the morning
D．Exercise improves your memory, too
E．Water is much better than sweet drinks
F．Your brain works better when you have eaten
G．Chocolate, biscuits and sweets are not good for your brain
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。你的大脑需要什么才能正常工作？ 文章介绍了一些它需要的东西。
16．F 根据上文提示“专家说早餐比其他任何一餐都重要。”再根据下文提示“所以不要错过早餐——尤其是在考试前！”，承接上下文，F项 “Your brain works better when you have eaten”符合题意，故选F。
17．G 下文中的they是关键词，我们要找出它所指代的内容。根据后文“它们比面包和米饭起作用更快，所以它们能给你短暂的能量，但之后你会感到更累。”可知，they对应G项中的 “Chocolate, biscuits and sweets”，故选G。
18．D 根据上文提示“你的大脑需要氧气，它从运动中获得”，所以下文应承接上文，继续说锻炼的好处，故D项 “Exercise improves your memory too”符合题意。
19．E 根据本段的小标题Water可知，本段内容应与water有关；再根据下文提示“没有足够的水会让你的大脑无法正常工作。”可知，E项 “Water is much better than sweet drinks”符合题意。故选E。
20．B 此空是一个小标题。根据上文的小标题结构可知，应该在A项和B项中选择。再根据下文提示“你的大脑需要几个小时的睡眠，所以它可以’更新’自己，就像电脑一样。”可推断，B项 “A good night’s sleep”符合题意，故选B。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I keep a pocket knife in my handbag and it comes in handy for all sorts of things. I have __21__ carried it with me since I discovered it on a boat we bought and __22__ for about twenty years. It has been through many adventures with us.
I recently __23__ an interesting flight and was pulled up at the departure gate. When my bag went through the x－ray machine, my __24__ was discovered. I had forgotten it was there and as I rarely __25__, it hadn’t crossed my mind that it would be discovered and confiscated(没收). We had gone through the gate and it was the time for us to __26__ the plane so there wasn’t time for me to go __27__ and post it to myself.
The security lady at the gate saw that I was __28__ at losing one of my treasure possessions. They usually just threw away things that got confiscated. But she __29__ to post it to me if I wrote down the __30__ and gave her the postage money. I was so grateful that I tried to __31__ her and she asked me to stop as they weren’t supposed to do this and she would get into trouble if anyone found out.
The next day in the post I received a little package with my pocket knife and the __32__ from the $10 note I had given her, even though I had __33__ her to keep the rest for her __34__. It was so nice to be the recipient(接受者) of a kind deed like that.
Now I often do __35__ little things for others and have started using smile cards. Hopefully the world is becoming a kinder place bit by bit.
( )21．A．never B．always
C．hardly D．seldom
( )22．A．stayed in B．kept up
C．looked around D．lived on
( )23．A．invited B．hired
C．took D．brought
( )24．A．knife B．money
C．secret D．plan
( )25．A．walked B．spoke
C．thought D．flew
( )26．A．order B．follow
C．board D．find
( )27．A．ahead B．back
C．down D．up
( )28．A．anxious B．nervous
C．angry D．happy
( )29．A．refused B．offered
C．agreed D．pretended
( )30．A．number B．promise
C．time D．address
( )31．A．persuade B．satisfy
C．thank D．comfort
( )32．A．reward B．change
C．cost D．expense
( )33．A．urged B．encouraged
C．begged D．force
( )34．A．bravery B．support
C．kindness D．cleverness
( )35．A．difficult B．interesting
C．important D．some
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有一把喜爱的小刀，坐飞机安检时被发现。本来小刀要被没收，但在一位安检人员的帮助下，小刀被邮寄给了作者。这让作者深受感动，从此也以帮助他人为乐，希望这个世界变得更加和谐。
21．B 句意：我一直携带着这把小刀。根据下文“… since I discovered it… for about twenty years. ”可知，自从发现了这把刀子，作者总是(always)把它带在身上。
22．D 句意：我在我们买的并且生活了20年的船上发现了它。由上文“I discovered it on a boat we bought and… ”中的and可知，空格处所填内容与“we bought”是并列成分，作定语，都用来修饰boat，根据定语与所修饰成分的合理搭配，选项D符合题意。
23．C 句意：我最近乘坐了一趟有趣的航班。根据an interesting flight可知，作者最近乘坐了一趟有趣的航班。
24．A 句意：我的小刀被发现了。根据上文“When my bag went through the X－ray machine… ”可知，是在过安检时，作者的小刀(属于违禁物)被发现了。
25．D 句意：我很少乘坐飞机，我几乎没有想起来小刀还在包里。根据下文“it hadn’t crossed my mind that it would be discovered and confiscated (没收)”可知，作者这方面的经验不足，连基本的不能携带刀具的常识都不知道，可见作者很少乘坐飞机。
26．C 句意：到登机的时间了。根据空格后“the plane”可知此时是到了作者登机的时间了。
27．B 句意：我没有时间回去把小刀邮寄给自己。根据空格后半部分“… and post it to myself. ”及前文作者着急登机等细节可知，作者没有时间回去把小刀邮寄给自己，go与back连用，go back表示回去。
28．A 句意：门口安检处的女士注意到我像丢了一件珍贵的所有物那样焦虑。根据前文描述可知，这把小刀伴随作者多年，像朋友一样，再根据空格后内容“… at losing one of my treasure possessions(像丢失了一件珍贵的所有物)”可知作者对小刀的重视程度，所以当小刀被没收后，作者的心情是焦虑和担忧的。
29．B 句意：但是她主动提出可以将小刀邮寄给我。根据前文“The security lady at the gate saw that I was __28__ at losing one of my treasure possessions. ”可知，这位女士注意到了作者对小刀的不舍，所以才会主动提出帮作者邮寄，offer to do 意为“主动帮助做某事”。
30．D 句意：如果我写下地址并付给她邮费。根据“to post it to me”可知，是要把小刀邮寄给作者，所以作者要写下地址。
31．C 句意：我是如此的感激，我要尽可能地向她表示感谢。根据前文“I was so grateful… (我是如此的感激)”可知，作者要对这位女士表达感谢。
32．B 句意：我收到了装着小刀和我给她的10美元剩余的零钱的包裹。根据前文“if I wrote down the __30__ and gave her the postage money”可知，作者给了这位女士邮费，再根据下文“from the $10 note I had given her, even though I had __33__ her to keep the rest for her”可知，作者曾让这位女士把剩下的钱自己留着，所以邮费有剩余。
33．A 句意：即使我曾劝说她把剩余的钱留着，只因她的善意。根据前文“I was so grateful that I tried to __31__ her and she asked me to stop as they weren’t supposed to do this”可知，作者曾想表达感谢(用剩余的钱表达感谢)，但被拒绝了。
34．C 句意：即使我曾劝说她把剩余的钱留着，只因她的善意。根据下文“It was so nice to be the recipient (接受者)of a kind deed”可知，作者是因为这位女士的善意想让她把剩下的钱留着。
35．D 句意：现在我经常为他人做一些小事。根据文章所描述的这件主动提供帮助又不图回报的善意举动可知，作者也受到了触动，所以会为他人做一些小事。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
(2023广东佛山高二检测)Food production is the course of changing raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries 36．________ take raw food products and change them into items that can be sold in the market. Home food production includes 37．________(change) into forms for long－term storage.
The food production industry takes fruits，vegetables and grains directly in their harvested farms and 38．________(make) these food into the types of food products that are available for sale in supermarkets. Food production includes both simple processes，such as cleaning and packaging, 39．________ complex processes like adding different ingredients and artificial things. Food production processes create products with 40．________(long)shelf lives than raw food ingredients.
Some food production skills, like smoking and salting meats for long－term storage, go back 41．______prehistoric times. In the 19th century，canning 42．________(become) a popular method food production. Home cooks sometimes use traditional food production skills 43．________ (produce) food for their families.
Food production skills make food products have long shelf lives，but they also have disadvantages. During high－temperature processing，for example，raw foods lose nutrients. Food production industries also add artificial colours to make food 44．________(attract). Although governments test all these artificial things，many people question 45．________ it is totally safe to use them too much in food.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍食品生产的过程和特点。
36．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是industries，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
37．changing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作includes的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填changing。
38．makes 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空处和takes在句中作并列谓语，主语为第三人称单数，故填makes。
39．and 考查连词。both …and…“不仅……而且……”，故填and。
40．longer 考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知，标志词than表示前后两部分进行比较，应用比较级形式，故填longer。
41．to 考查介词。句意：一些食品生产技术，如熏制和腌制肉类以长期储存，可以追溯到史前时代。短语go back to意为“追溯到”，故填to。
42．became 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“In the 19th century”可知，应用一般过去时，故填became。
43．to produce 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to produce。
44．attractive 考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处作make的宾语补足语，结合句意可知，应用形容词形式，故填attractive。
45．whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，而缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether或if。
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom看到你在微信上分享了学校最近举行的主题为“建造绿色家园”的植树活动，发邮件向你询问有关情况。请你用英语回复邮件。
内容包括：
1．活动情况简介；
2．活动的意义。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I’m delighted to learn that you are interested in our tree－planting activity.
The activity is held annually with different themes. This year’s theme is “Building a green home”. The activity was held on March 12, our National Tree－planting Day. Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill, where we spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering. Eventually about 200 trees were planted. Seeing the trees waving in the breeze, we all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
Undoubtedly, we benefit a lot from the activity, which not only brings us the pleasure of labor but also helps us to develop team spirit.
Hopefully you can join us next year.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
When my little brother Tom was four，Mom said something like, “I’d give anything to have a few more hours in the day. ” And Tom said, “Why don’t we buy a bigger clock？” If time worked that way, I could have used an extra－big clock last week!
Our teacher had asked us to make an art project showing how plants eat. “I can’t believe we only have two nights to finish it，” Noah said with a sigh. “I have no idea how I’ll get mine done. ”
I didn’t say anything. Not because I was nervous—I wasn’t nervous at all. I love art projects! In fact，I was so relaxed that I didn’t work on the project at all on Monday night. I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday. But there was just one thing.
I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies，which happens every month, and it’s a chance for us older students to practise baseball with the adorable younger kids. The second I got home，I threw the entire craft box(手工盒) onto the kitchen table，took out my “How Plants Eat” paper，and started to work. But just then，the telephone rang.
It was my friend Ollie，who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I’d come to help decorate them. I love decorating cookies，and I love，love，love Abuela’s world－famous Thanksgiving cookies that only happen once a year!
I had no choice. I had to go. Ollie and I put all the star cookies with red jam filling in one group，and all the snowflakes with white cream－cheese filling in another. It was 7 o’clock when I finally got home. I planned to work on my project right after we ate. But then another interruption hit me.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Just as I was about to start, Dad said, “Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ” What Dad said was a hammer blow to me，leaving me into deeper anxiety. However，that was one of our family rules，so I had to do the dishes reluctantly. The clinking of dishes were disquieting sounds from hell to me，reminding me that the clock was ticking second by second. After I threw the last dish into the cabinet，I rushed into my bedroom，only to find that the hour hand had moved past ten. Without much time left，I finished the assignment in a hurry. The next day，I handed it in nervously.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. My life seems like a mess these days，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule. My energy was segmented and occupied by some trivial matters which had nothing to do with my project. Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. After this experience，I eventually comprehended the importance of time，and began to arrange my schedule with caution. With confidence，I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper, I started to reflect on what I had done these days.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ” What Dad said was a hammer blow to me，leaving me into deeper anxiety. However，that was one of our family rules，so I had to do the dishes reluctantly. The clinking of dishes were disquieting sounds from hell to me，reminding me that the clock was ticking second by second. After I threw the last dish into the cabinet，I rushed into my bedroom，only to find that the hour hand had moved past ten. Without much time left，I finished the assignment in a hurry. The next day，I handed it in nervously.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. My life seems like a mess these days，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule. My energy was segmented and occupied by some trivial matters which had nothing to do with my project. Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. After this experience，I eventually comprehended the importance of time，and began to arrange my schedule with caution. With confidence，I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment.
(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分)
A
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(2023·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5?hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijks Museum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p. m. every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
( )1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
( )2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．15.75． B．19.50．
C．22.75． D．29.50．
( )3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
B
When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships.
Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 18－month－old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand—a library is more than books; it’s a community.
Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first e－mail address in 1997．At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled(咯咯地笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library offered me my first teaching job.
I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them.
( )4．Why does the author consider herself lucky today
A．She lives close to libraries.
B．She has access to a reliable car now.
C．She can meet friends at the library.
D．She has become her mother’s best friend.
( )5．What did the author do at the library according to the passage
A．She told stories to her mother. B．She learned how to go online.
C．She got her current teaching job. D．She initially read Judy Blume novels.
( )6．What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries
A．Cautious. B．Favourable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
( )7．Why does the author write the text
A．To express how libraries change.
B．To introduce her favourite libraries.
C．To express her deep love for libraries.
D．To discuss why libraries are important.
C
(2023·湖北武汉高二检测)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level，we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families，holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go，and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However，the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available，so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally，immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them，but to people from different countries. Therefore，they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage(遗产)through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
( )8．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article
A．To help motivate homesickness. B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country’s history. D．To show a community’s superiority.
( )9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The specific traditional food. B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food. D．The old－fashioned taste.
( )10．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
( )11．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
D
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds，from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground－breaking，five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f” and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran，a member of the research team.
( )12．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
( )13．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
( )14．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
( )15．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
Be at Your Best!
What does your brain need to work well Here are some things it needs.
Good food
Experts say that breakfast is much more important than any other meal. __16__. So don’t miss breakfast—especially before an exam! But you need to eat a good breakfast—junk food won’t work.
A regular supply of energy
Your brain needs a regular supply of energy, so you need to eat carbohydrates. They’re found in bread, rice, pasta and beans. __17__. They work more quickly than bread and rice, so they give you a short burst of energy, but afterwards you feel more tired.
A continuous supply of oxygen
Your brain needs oxygen, which it gets from exercise. __18__. You also need a good supply of iron because iron helps your blood to carry oxygen round your body.
Water
__19__. Not getting enough water will stop your brain from working well. And remember, water isn’t as expensive as sweet drinks!
__20__
Your brain needs several hours’ sleep, so it can “update” itself, just like a computer. Experts say that when you study for a test or an exam, you should get some sleep as quickly as possible after you’ve finished studying. This helps you to remember what you’ve learnt.
A．A short break
B．A good night’s sleep
C．It works best in the morning
D．Exercise improves your memory, too
E．Water is much better than sweet drinks
F．Your brain works better when you have eaten
G．Chocolate, biscuits and sweets are not good for your brain
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I keep a pocket knife in my handbag and it comes in handy for all sorts of things. I have __21__ carried it with me since I discovered it on a boat we bought and __22__ for about twenty years. It has been through many adventures with us.
I recently __23__ an interesting flight and was pulled up at the departure gate. When my bag went through the x－ray machine, my __24__ was discovered. I had forgotten it was there and as I rarely __25__, it hadn’t crossed my mind that it would be discovered and confiscated(没收). We had gone through the gate and it was the time for us to __26__ the plane so there wasn’t time for me to go __27__ and post it to myself.
The security lady at the gate saw that I was __28__ at losing one of my treasure possessions. They usually just threw away things that got confiscated. But she __29__ to post it to me if I wrote down the __30__ and gave her the postage money. I was so grateful that I tried to __31__ her and she asked me to stop as they weren’t supposed to do this and she would get into trouble if anyone found out.
The next day in the post I received a little package with my pocket knife and the __32__ from the $10 note I had given her, even though I had __33__ her to keep the rest for her __34__. It was so nice to be the recipient(接受者) of a kind deed like that.
Now I often do __35__ little things for others and have started using smile cards. Hopefully the world is becoming a kinder place bit by bit.
( )21．A．never B．always
C．hardly D．seldom
( )22．A．stayed in B．kept up
C．looked around D．lived on
( )23．A．invited B．hired
C．took D．brought
( )24．A．knife B．money
C．secret D．plan
( )25．A．walked B．spoke
C．thought D．flew
( )26．A．order B．follow
C．board D．find
( )27．A．ahead B．back
C．down D．up
( )28．A．anxious B．nervous
C．angry D．happy
( )29．A．refused B．offered
C．agreed D．pretended
( )30．A．number B．promise
C．time D．address
( )31．A．persuade B．satisfy
C．thank D．comfort
( )32．A．reward B．change
C．cost D．expense
( )33．A．urged B．encouraged
C．begged D．force
( )34．A．bravery B．support
C．kindness D．cleverness
( )35．A．difficult B．interesting
C．important D．some
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
(2023广东佛山高二检测)Food production is the course of changing raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries 36．________ take raw food products and change them into items that can be sold in the market. Home food production includes 37．________(change) into forms for long－term storage.
The food production industry takes fruits，vegetables and grains directly in their harvested farms and 38．________(make) these food into the types of food products that are available for sale in supermarkets. Food production includes both simple processes，such as cleaning and packaging, 39．________ complex processes like adding different ingredients and artificial things. Food production processes create products with 40．________(long)shelf lives than raw food ingredients.
Some food production skills, like smoking and salting meats for long－term storage, go back 41．______prehistoric times. In the 19th century，canning 42．________(become) a popular method food production. Home cooks sometimes use traditional food production skills 43．________ (produce) food for their families.
Food production skills make food products have long shelf lives，but they also have disadvantages. During high－temperature processing，for example，raw foods lose nutrients. Food production industries also add artificial colours to make food 44．________(attract). Although governments test all these artificial things，many people question 45．________ it is totally safe to use them too much in food.
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom看到你在微信上分享了学校最近举行的主题为“建造绿色家园”的植树活动，发邮件向你询问有关情况。请你用英语回复邮件。
内容包括：
1．活动情况简介；
2．活动的意义。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
When my little brother Tom was four，Mom said something like, “I’d give anything to have a few more hours in the day. ” And Tom said, “Why don’t we buy a bigger clock？” If time worked that way, I could have used an extra－big clock last week!
Our teacher had asked us to make an art project showing how plants eat. “I can’t believe we only have two nights to finish it，” Noah said with a sigh. “I have no idea how I’ll get mine done. ”
I didn’t say anything. Not because I was nervous—I wasn’t nervous at all. I love art projects! In fact，I was so relaxed that I didn’t work on the project at all on Monday night. I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday. But there was just one thing.
I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies，which happens every month, and it’s a chance for us older students to practise baseball with the adorable younger kids. The second I got home，I threw the entire craft box(手工盒) onto the kitchen table，took out my “How Plants Eat” paper，and started to work. But just then，the telephone rang.
It was my friend Ollie，who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I’d come to help decorate them. I love decorating cookies，and I love，love，love Abuela’s world－famous Thanksgiving cookies that only happen once a year!
I had no choice. I had to go. Ollie and I put all the star cookies with red jam filling in one group，and all the snowflakes with white cream－cheese filling in another. It was 7 o’clock when I finally got home. I planned to work on my project right after we ate. But then another interruption hit me.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Just as I was about to start, Dad said, “Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. My life seems like a mess these days，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule. My energy was segmented and occupied by some trivial matters which had nothing to do with my project. Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. After this experience，I eventually comprehended the importance of time，and began to arrange my schedule with caution. With confidence，I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper, I started to reflect on what I had done these days.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE （含解析）
(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分)
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
(2023·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5?hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijks Museum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p. m. every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
( )1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
( )2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．15.75． B．19.50．
C．22.75． D．29.50．
( )3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式、价格等细节。
1．B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车). ”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
2．C 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。故选C。
3．D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p. m. every day (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始). ”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
B
When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships.
Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 18－month－old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand—a library is more than books; it’s a community.
Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first e－mail address in 1997．At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled(咯咯地笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library offered me my first teaching job.
I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them.
( )4．Why does the author consider herself lucky today
A．She lives close to libraries.
B．She has access to a reliable car now.
C．She can meet friends at the library.
D．She has become her mother’s best friend.
( )5．What did the author do at the library according to the passage
A．She told stories to her mother. B．She learned how to go online.
C．She got her current teaching job. D．She initially read Judy Blume novels.
( )6．What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries
A．Cautious. B．Favourable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
( )7．Why does the author write the text
A．To express how libraries change.
B．To introduce her favourite libraries.
C．To express her deep love for libraries.
D．To discuss why libraries are important.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在文中讲述了自己从小到大与图书馆的深厚情缘。
4．A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. ”和第二段中的“Today, I am fortunate to live… Sea Cliff Children’s Library. ”可知，作者如今觉得自己很幸运，因为她现在住得离图书馆很近。
5．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. ”可知，作者在那里初次接触和了解朱迪·布鲁姆的小说。
6．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者的学生经常用智能手机虚拟式获取图书馆资源，作者认为虽然他们不能实地拜访图书馆，但是这种方式也是不错的。
7．C 写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了自己从小到大与图书馆的紧密联系，字里行间饱含着对图书馆深深的爱。
C
(2023·湖北武汉高二检测)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level，we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families，holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go，and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However，the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available，so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally，immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them，but to people from different countries. Therefore，they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage(遗产)through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
( )8．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article
A．To help motivate homesickness. B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country’s history. D．To show a community’s superiority.
( )9．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The specific traditional food. B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food. D．The old－fashioned taste.
( )10．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
( )11．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者从食物与文化的关系的角度表达了自己的看法。作者认为传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，它也是一种文化身份的表达，食物是了解文化的窗口。
8．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It also operates…homesickness. ”可知，文中提到食物是一种文化身份的表达，故选B。
9．A 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“On a large scale，traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. ”可知，此句中的it指代“传统食物”。句意：在很大程度上，传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，是文化认同的一种表达方式。移民们无论走到哪里都带着它，它是他们的文化自豪感的象征，也是应对思乡之情的手段。故选A。
10．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Additionally，…customers. ”可知，一些移民不得不改变他们餐馆原有的菜肴是为了迎合不同的顾客。故选C。
11．B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“We should…trying their food. ”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的文化遗产，但也应该通过品尝其他文化的食物来了解其他文化。因此，作者对待不同的饮食文化的态度是均衡的。故选B。
D
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds，from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground－breaking，five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f” and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran，a member of the research team.
( )12．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
( )13．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
( )14．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
( )15．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
【语篇导读】本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
12．D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as ’f’ and ’v’，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose. ”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
13．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later，our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构)，making it easier to produce such sounds. ”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
14．A 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of ’f’ and ’v’increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today. ”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
15．C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“’The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，’ said Steven Moran，a member of the research team. ”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
Be at Your Best!
What does your brain need to work well Here are some things it needs.
Good food
Experts say that breakfast is much more important than any other meal. __16__. So don’t miss breakfast—especially before an exam! But you need to eat a good breakfast—junk food won’t work.
A regular supply of energy
Your brain needs a regular supply of energy, so you need to eat carbohydrates. They’re found in bread, rice, pasta and beans. __17__. They work more quickly than bread and rice, so they give you a short burst of energy, but afterwards you feel more tired.
A continuous supply of oxygen
Your brain needs oxygen, which it gets from exercise. __18__. You also need a good supply of iron because iron helps your blood to carry oxygen round your body.
Water
__19__. Not getting enough water will stop your brain from working well. And remember, water isn’t as expensive as sweet drinks!
__20__
Your brain needs several hours’ sleep, so it can “update” itself, just like a computer. Experts say that when you study for a test or an exam, you should get some sleep as quickly as possible after you’ve finished studying. This helps you to remember what you’ve learnt.
A．A short break
B．A good night’s sleep
C．It works best in the morning
D．Exercise improves your memory, too
E．Water is much better than sweet drinks
F．Your brain works better when you have eaten
G．Chocolate, biscuits and sweets are not good for your brain
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。你的大脑需要什么才能正常工作？ 文章介绍了一些它需要的东西。
16．F 根据上文提示“专家说早餐比其他任何一餐都重要。”再根据下文提示“所以不要错过早餐——尤其是在考试前！”，承接上下文，F项 “Your brain works better when you have eaten”符合题意，故选F。
17．G 下文中的they是关键词，我们要找出它所指代的内容。根据后文“它们比面包和米饭起作用更快，所以它们能给你短暂的能量，但之后你会感到更累。”可知，they对应G项中的 “Chocolate, biscuits and sweets”，故选G。
18．D 根据上文提示“你的大脑需要氧气，它从运动中获得”，所以下文应承接上文，继续说锻炼的好处，故D项 “Exercise improves your memory too”符合题意。
19．E 根据本段的小标题Water可知，本段内容应与water有关；再根据下文提示“没有足够的水会让你的大脑无法正常工作。”可知，E项 “Water is much better than sweet drinks”符合题意。故选E。
20．B 此空是一个小标题。根据上文的小标题结构可知，应该在A项和B项中选择。再根据下文提示“你的大脑需要几个小时的睡眠，所以它可以’更新’自己，就像电脑一样。”可推断，B项 “A good night’s sleep”符合题意，故选B。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I keep a pocket knife in my handbag and it comes in handy for all sorts of things. I have __21__ carried it with me since I discovered it on a boat we bought and __22__ for about twenty years. It has been through many adventures with us.
I recently __23__ an interesting flight and was pulled up at the departure gate. When my bag went through the x－ray machine, my __24__ was discovered. I had forgotten it was there and as I rarely __25__, it hadn’t crossed my mind that it would be discovered and confiscated(没收). We had gone through the gate and it was the time for us to __26__ the plane so there wasn’t time for me to go __27__ and post it to myself.
The security lady at the gate saw that I was __28__ at losing one of my treasure possessions. They usually just threw away things that got confiscated. But she __29__ to post it to me if I wrote down the __30__ and gave her the postage money. I was so grateful that I tried to __31__ her and she asked me to stop as they weren’t supposed to do this and she would get into trouble if anyone found out.
The next day in the post I received a little package with my pocket knife and the __32__ from the $10 note I had given her, even though I had __33__ her to keep the rest for her __34__. It was so nice to be the recipient(接受者) of a kind deed like that.
Now I often do __35__ little things for others and have started using smile cards. Hopefully the world is becoming a kinder place bit by bit.
( )21．A．never B．always
C．hardly D．seldom
( )22．A．stayed in B．kept up
C．looked around D．lived on
( )23．A．invited B．hired
C．took D．brought
( )24．A．knife B．money
C．secret D．plan
( )25．A．walked B．spoke
C．thought D．flew
( )26．A．order B．follow
C．board D．find
( )27．A．ahead B．back
C．down D．up
( )28．A．anxious B．nervous
C．angry D．happy
( )29．A．refused B．offered
C．agreed D．pretended
( )30．A．number B．promise
C．time D．address
( )31．A．persuade B．satisfy
C．thank D．comfort
( )32．A．reward B．change
C．cost D．expense
( )33．A．urged B．encouraged
C．begged D．force
( )34．A．bravery B．support
C．kindness D．cleverness
( )35．A．difficult B．interesting
C．important D．some
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有一把喜爱的小刀，坐飞机安检时被发现。本来小刀要被没收，但在一位安检人员的帮助下，小刀被邮寄给了作者。这让作者深受感动，从此也以帮助他人为乐，希望这个世界变得更加和谐。
21．B 句意：我一直携带着这把小刀。根据下文“… since I discovered it… for about twenty years. ”可知，自从发现了这把刀子，作者总是(always)把它带在身上。
22．D 句意：我在我们买的并且生活了20年的船上发现了它。由上文“I discovered it on a boat we bought and… ”中的and可知，空格处所填内容与“we bought”是并列成分，作定语，都用来修饰boat，根据定语与所修饰成分的合理搭配，选项D符合题意。
23．C 句意：我最近乘坐了一趟有趣的航班。根据an interesting flight可知，作者最近乘坐了一趟有趣的航班。
24．A 句意：我的小刀被发现了。根据上文“When my bag went through the X－ray machine… ”可知，是在过安检时，作者的小刀(属于违禁物)被发现了。
25．D 句意：我很少乘坐飞机，我几乎没有想起来小刀还在包里。根据下文“it hadn’t crossed my mind that it would be discovered and confiscated (没收)”可知，作者这方面的经验不足，连基本的不能携带刀具的常识都不知道，可见作者很少乘坐飞机。
26．C 句意：到登机的时间了。根据空格后“the plane”可知此时是到了作者登机的时间了。
27．B 句意：我没有时间回去把小刀邮寄给自己。根据空格后半部分“… and post it to myself. ”及前文作者着急登机等细节可知，作者没有时间回去把小刀邮寄给自己，go与back连用，go back表示回去。
28．A 句意：门口安检处的女士注意到我像丢了一件珍贵的所有物那样焦虑。根据前文描述可知，这把小刀伴随作者多年，像朋友一样，再根据空格后内容“… at losing one of my treasure possessions(像丢失了一件珍贵的所有物)”可知作者对小刀的重视程度，所以当小刀被没收后，作者的心情是焦虑和担忧的。
29．B 句意：但是她主动提出可以将小刀邮寄给我。根据前文“The security lady at the gate saw that I was __28__ at losing one of my treasure possessions. ”可知，这位女士注意到了作者对小刀的不舍，所以才会主动提出帮作者邮寄，offer to do 意为“主动帮助做某事”。
30．D 句意：如果我写下地址并付给她邮费。根据“to post it to me”可知，是要把小刀邮寄给作者，所以作者要写下地址。
31．C 句意：我是如此的感激，我要尽可能地向她表示感谢。根据前文“I was so grateful… (我是如此的感激)”可知，作者要对这位女士表达感谢。
32．B 句意：我收到了装着小刀和我给她的10美元剩余的零钱的包裹。根据前文“if I wrote down the __30__ and gave her the postage money”可知，作者给了这位女士邮费，再根据下文“from the $10 note I had given her, even though I had __33__ her to keep the rest for her”可知，作者曾让这位女士把剩下的钱自己留着，所以邮费有剩余。
33．A 句意：即使我曾劝说她把剩余的钱留着，只因她的善意。根据前文“I was so grateful that I tried to __31__ her and she asked me to stop as they weren’t supposed to do this”可知，作者曾想表达感谢(用剩余的钱表达感谢)，但被拒绝了。
34．C 句意：即使我曾劝说她把剩余的钱留着，只因她的善意。根据下文“It was so nice to be the recipient (接受者)of a kind deed”可知，作者是因为这位女士的善意想让她把剩下的钱留着。
35．D 句意：现在我经常为他人做一些小事。根据文章所描述的这件主动提供帮助又不图回报的善意举动可知，作者也受到了触动，所以会为他人做一些小事。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
(2023广东佛山高二检测)Food production is the course of changing raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries 36．________ take raw food products and change them into items that can be sold in the market. Home food production includes 37．________(change) into forms for long－term storage.
The food production industry takes fruits，vegetables and grains directly in their harvested farms and 38．________(make) these food into the types of food products that are available for sale in supermarkets. Food production includes both simple processes，such as cleaning and packaging, 39．________ complex processes like adding different ingredients and artificial things. Food production processes create products with 40．________(long)shelf lives than raw food ingredients.
Some food production skills, like smoking and salting meats for long－term storage, go back 41．______prehistoric times. In the 19th century，canning 42．________(become) a popular method food production. Home cooks sometimes use traditional food production skills 43．________ (produce) food for their families.
Food production skills make food products have long shelf lives，but they also have disadvantages. During high－temperature processing，for example，raw foods lose nutrients. Food production industries also add artificial colours to make food 44．________(attract). Although governments test all these artificial things，many people question 45．________ it is totally safe to use them too much in food.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍食品生产的过程和特点。
36．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是industries，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
37．changing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作includes的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填changing。
38．makes 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空处和takes在句中作并列谓语，主语为第三人称单数，故填makes。
39．and 考查连词。both …and…“不仅……而且……”，故填and。
40．longer 考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知，标志词than表示前后两部分进行比较，应用比较级形式，故填longer。
41．to 考查介词。句意：一些食品生产技术，如熏制和腌制肉类以长期储存，可以追溯到史前时代。短语go back to意为“追溯到”，故填to。
42．became 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，根据时间状语“In the 19th century”可知，应用一般过去时，故填became。
43．to produce 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to produce。
44．attractive 考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处作make的宾语补足语，结合句意可知，应用形容词形式，故填attractive。
45．whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，而缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether或if。
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom看到你在微信上分享了学校最近举行的主题为“建造绿色家园”的植树活动，发邮件向你询问有关情况。请你用英语回复邮件。
内容包括：
1．活动情况简介；
2．活动的意义。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I’m delighted to learn that you are interested in our tree－planting activity.
The activity is held annually with different themes. This year’s theme is “Building a green home”. The activity was held on March 12, our National Tree－planting Day. Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill, where we spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering. Eventually about 200 trees were planted. Seeing the trees waving in the breeze, we all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
Undoubtedly, we benefit a lot from the activity, which not only brings us the pleasure of labor but also helps us to develop team spirit.
Hopefully you can join us next year.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
When my little brother Tom was four，Mom said something like, “I’d give anything to have a few more hours in the day. ” And Tom said, “Why don’t we buy a bigger clock？” If time worked that way, I could have used an extra－big clock last week!
Our teacher had asked us to make an art project showing how plants eat. “I can’t believe we only have two nights to finish it，” Noah said with a sigh. “I have no idea how I’ll get mine done. ”
I didn’t say anything. Not because I was nervous—I wasn’t nervous at all. I love art projects! In fact，I was so relaxed that I didn’t work on the project at all on Monday night. I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday. But there was just one thing.
I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies，which happens every month, and it’s a chance for us older students to practise baseball with the adorable younger kids. The second I got home，I threw the entire craft box(手工盒) onto the kitchen table，took out my “How Plants Eat” paper，and started to work. But just then，the telephone rang.
It was my friend Ollie，who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I’d come to help decorate them. I love decorating cookies，and I love，love，love Abuela’s world－famous Thanksgiving cookies that only happen once a year!
I had no choice. I had to go. Ollie and I put all the star cookies with red jam filling in one group，and all the snowflakes with white cream－cheese filling in another. It was 7 o’clock when I finally got home. I planned to work on my project right after we ate. But then another interruption hit me.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Just as I was about to start, Dad said, “Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ” What Dad said was a hammer blow to me，leaving me into deeper anxiety. However，that was one of our family rules，so I had to do the dishes reluctantly. The clinking of dishes were disquieting sounds from hell to me，reminding me that the clock was ticking second by second. After I threw the last dish into the cabinet，I rushed into my bedroom，only to find that the hour hand had moved past ten. Without much time left，I finished the assignment in a hurry. The next day，I handed it in nervously.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. My life seems like a mess these days，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule. My energy was segmented and occupied by some trivial matters which had nothing to do with my project. Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. After this experience，I eventually comprehended the importance of time，and began to arrange my schedule with caution. With confidence，I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper, I started to reflect on what I had done these days.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Just as I was about to start，Dad said，“Joanna，it’s your turn to do the dishes. ” What Dad said was a hammer blow to me，leaving me into deeper anxiety. However，that was one of our family rules，so I had to do the dishes reluctantly. The clinking of dishes were disquieting sounds from hell to me，reminding me that the clock was ticking second by second. After I threw the last dish into the cabinet，I rushed into my bedroom，only to find that the hour hand had moved past ten. Without much time left，I finished the assignment in a hurry. The next day，I handed it in nervously.
Looking at the big “F” on my paper，I started to reflect on what I had done these days. My life seems like a mess these days，arising from my loose attitude and chaotic schedule. My energy was segmented and occupied by some trivial matters which had nothing to do with my project. Out of guilt，I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. After this experience，I eventually comprehended the importance of time，and began to arrange my schedule with caution. With confidence，I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next assignment.