高考英语语法填空之动词的适当形式填空技巧指导

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名称 高考英语语法填空之动词的适当形式填空技巧指导
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更新时间 2024-01-14 22:58:30

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法填空专题——动词的适当形式填空
动词的适当形式有多少种?可以变成多少种形式?
变为动词(变形不变性)
变为谓语动词
重点:
谓语动词一定是时态和语态的结合体,即谓语动词既有时态的变化,也有语态上(主动和被动)的变化。
理论上来说,英语中有16种时态,对于及物动词来说,还有被动语态的变化,因此,在变为谓语动词的时候,动词最多可以有32种变化。
变为非谓语动词
重点:
非谓语动词从形式上可以分为三类:to do, doing和done,从种类上可以分为:动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。
无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,都有时态和语态的变化,非谓语动词也有不同的时态和语态变化,因此有多种形式,三类基本形式,共计有10种具体的变化。
变为其它词性(名词和形容词)(变形又不变性)
动词变名词可以表示“动词的核心意义”或者“从事这个动作的人”;变成形容词,主要是现在分词形式或者过去分词形式,很多动词的分词形式已经逐渐弱化用作了形容词。
总结
理论上,动词最多有40种以上的变化形式(谓语动词32种、非谓语动词10种、别的词性)
动词变化的三种手段:变时、变态、变性,一般语法填空中,主要考察动词的本体变化,即只需变时和变态即可。
例题分析,探讨动词变化
1、变为谓语动词
She started singing to the baby and was rewarded (reward) with a smile.
She had a sort of breakdown some years ago, and since then she has been (be) very shy.
One day I came home to find that a present had been left (leave) on the desk: a book called The Art of Procrastination.
Beijing was applauded (applaud) and praised by athletes for its excellent venue services during the Winter Olympic Games.
填谓语动词的要点归纳:
时态一致原则
英语中一共有16种时态,高中常用的时态为12种。
在解决时态问题时,要遵守一个基本的原则“时态一致原则”,即在同一个语境中,一般使用同一种时态(要么现在时态、要么过去时态),我们可以把时态分为两大类:现在时态(包括现在时间和将来时间)和过去时态(包括过去时间和过去将来时间)。当然,也要注意具体分析具体分析,例如可能在现在时态的大环境下,因为过去时间的出现,特定的地方需要用过去时。
关注时态的核心用法:关注时态的核心用法:一般现在时(客观性、习惯性)、一般过去时(纯叙述过去发生的事)、现在完成时(与现在有关系的过去动作)、过去完成时(过去的过去)
动词的及物性:注意动词的及物性与否,及物动词必须后接宾语,否则要使用被动语态。
2、变为非谓语动词
非谓语动词的使用条件:在一个句子中,已经存在一个谓语动词, 又没有 连词存在的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。(一山不能容二虎,除非一公和一母)
非谓语动词的各种形式
一般式:与谓语动词动作同时或者几乎同时发生
进行式:与谓语动词动作同时或者几乎同时发生,且动作正在进行
完成式:在谓语动词动作之前发生
主动式:与逻辑主语之间是主动关系
被动式:与逻辑主语之间是被动关系
非谓语动词所能充当的句子成分
不定式的显著性标签:
表示将来(目的、计划、目标、愿望)
一次性具体动作
全能选手:可以充当6大句子成分(名词+形容词+副词)
动名词的显著性标签:
具有动词属性的名词(动词和名词的融合体)
习惯性动作
用法相当于名词
分词的显著性标签:
现在分词(现在、进行、主动)
过去分词(过去、完成、被动)
可以充当4大成分(形容词+副词)
例题分析、要点总结
___Travelling___(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
It is possible to walk (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
It is no use crying (cry) over the split milk.
Being discriminated (discriminate) by employers on the ground of race and nationality was illegal.
非谓语动词作主语的要点归纳:
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;不定式表示一次性的、具体的动作
一般用动名词作主语,不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语
在 “It is no use/good/sense doing sth.”结构中it用来代替doing
Although some people pretend to be (be) young, their gray hair gives them away.
I recommend making (make) seat reservations in advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience.
She is looking forward to giving (give) a dance performance or playing the piano on stage.
I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to work in your company.
非谓语动词作宾语的要点归纳:
多数情况下用不定式作宾语,在介词及少数动词后才用doing作宾语
后接动名词作宾语的动词有:
小学:finish/keep
初中:enjoy/practice/advise/suggest/risk/avoid/consider/miss/imagine/allow/mind
高中:admit/permit/recommend/appreciate/deny/forbid/delay/postpone...
I know that her hobby is ___making__(make) short cooking videos.
Her wish was __to become__ (become) an artist.
Anyone touching that wire could get badly___shocked___ (shock).
What he said was very___encouraging___(encourage).
非谓语动词作表语的要点归纳:
动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的一般性行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。
不定式作表语,表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事
分词作表语逐渐弱化为形容词了,过去分词表“感到…”,一般修饰人;现在分词表“令人…”,一般修饰物。
Mr Smith asked us to respond (response) to him actively in class.
On the bank of the river, we found him lying (lie) on a bench.
She had to shout to make herself heard (hear) above the sound of the music.
With so many people communicating (communicate) in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
非谓语动词作宾补的要点归纳:
多数动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语
部分动词后需使用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,如“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等)和使役动词let, have, make
现在分词作表语表示一个主动、正在进行的动作;过去分词作表语表示一个被动或完成的动作
with 的复合结构:
→ with + 宾语 + doing 表示主动、正在进行的动作
→ with + 宾语 + done 表示被动、完成的动作
→ with + 宾语 + to do 表示尚未进行的动作
His first book to be published (publish) next month is based on a true story.
The expert had an opportunity to explore (explore) the South Pole.
All the workers belonging (belong) to the factory must obey the rule.
The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability to give (give) full play to ink.
非谓语动词作定语的要点归纳:
在序数词、最高级、the last、the only、the next后或修饰的名词或代词后,用不定式作定语
不定式修饰名词表示同位关系
分词短语作定语,可以和定语从句进行互换
常跟不定式连用的词(able/decide),派生而来的名词(ability/decision),也用不定式作定语
___To ensure___(ensure) the best experience, please contact the Call Centre at 6312089200 to discuss your individual needs.
We waited for two hours only to be told (tell) to come the next day.
_Absorbed_ (absorb) in his work, he didn’t notice the others entering that room.
Everyone was silent, waiting (wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
The team, having attempted (attempt) to climb the world’s second tallest mountain twice, finally decided to give up.
非谓语动词作状语的要点归纳:
不定式作状语的两大用法:目的和出乎意料的结果(only to do)
分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果(自然而然)、伴随等。
分词作状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语
分词作状语的三大模型:
分词 ,主语+谓语...
主语, 分词 , 谓语...
主语+谓语..., 分词 .
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